| name |
chemistry |
properties |
distribution |
abs |
excreation |
functions |
deficiency |
toxicity |
requirments |
| vit c or l-ascorbic acid |
endiol-lactone |
1-strong reducing (antioxidant) ,2-optically active 3-oxidative destruction 4-D form not vit |
citrus ,green veg ,all over body esp .glands |
small intestine & SC tissues |
urine |
1-formn of fibroplasts (proline > 4hydroxyproline),osteo & odontoblasts
2-activatn folic a
>folinic (prevent anemia) a 3-fe+3>fe+2 (so prevent haemolysis of haemoglobin) 4-metab. Of tyrosine >homogentisic acid)
5-metab of tryptophan >serotinin (5-hydroxy tryp
,control bl. pressure & regulate respiration
rate 6-prevent heart
& cancer (w are caused by free radicals.6-used in dibetic patients to
prevent cataract (+bl.
glu >enter retina >reduct. to sorbitol >water in retina
>+pressure >thin layer ,blindness 8-antooxidant in thyrotoxicosis 8-treat of rheumatic fever |
scurvy 1-sponsy
gum >loss of teeth >haemorrhage > anaemia >loss of apetite
>loss of weight |
1-caox stones 2-diabetis in rats |
*child 30 *adult 75 *preg fem 100 *lact. Fem 150 mg/ day |
| vit b1(thiamine) or Aneurine |
4-methyl, 5-hydroxy ethyl thiazole |
1-sol/water &
etoH not sol /fat solvents 2-resist to heat & boil below 3.5 loses act
above PH 5.5 2-activity due to TPP |
pork ,outer layer of wheat ,liver ,egg ,milk |
small intestine |
10% in urine as thimine -protein complex ,stool |
TPP is nessesry in 1-oxidative decarbox of pyruvate
to acetyl coA &
-ketoglutaric a
to succinyl coA (using
TPP/CoASH,NAD, FAD ,Lipoic aacid <MG ) 2-pentose metab in RBCs (ripose 5-P & Xylulose 5-P by transketolase
& TPP) change to
3-phosphoglyceraldhyde and sedoheptulose-7-P)3-optimal growth of infants 4-increas act of A.Ch by inhibit A.ch esterase enz |
1-+pyruvic a 2-+lactic a in bl 3-accum of
pentose retard transketolase severe deficiency resulted in :1-BERI_beri (infantile :tackycardia ,vomiting ,convulsion not treated) adult wet beri-beri :dry skin ,irritability ,thickining and paralysis .,edema 2-Wernicke _korsakoff syndrome in USA ,alcoholism =apathy
,loss of memory ,fromotion of eyeballs |
child 0.4/day *adult
1-1.5 mg/day |
| vit b2 ,riboflavin ,lactoflavin |
heterocyclic falvin
or isollaxazine D-ribitol |
*yellow ,destroyed by UV *riboflavin in tissue present in active form a)FMN
b)FAD these are coenz |
liver ,egg ,milk |
phosphorylation 1st in intestinal mucosa |
sweat ,milk ,urine and stool |
1-riboflavin gives FAD act as coenz catalyse removal of (H) either directly or indirect
(not from substrate but from another reduced coenz. Eg NADH +NADH+ |
severe diffeciency 1-dermatitis 2-inflam cornea 3-inf in mouth (cheilosis =fissuring corners of mouth &
Glossitis in toungue &
lips are red |
|
child 0.6 *adult 1.5-1.8 *preg 2 *lact 2.5 mg/day |
| Niacin or nicotinic acid |
pyridine 3 -caroxylic acid ,in tissue (nicotinamide) |
a)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or Coenz I b)NADP or coenz II c)coIII or co (Q) *n.acid & amides are slightly
sol in water and sol in acids not alkali (biosyn : N.acid in body from tryp. So diet deficient in try will
result in defic. In nicotinic acid eg zein of maize,also vit B6 necessary for syn of N.acid |
liver ,kidney ,yeast |
small intestine as nicotinamide |
urine (N.acid or amide or N1 methyl n.amide ) swaet & milk
:amide |
coenz 1 &2 help large member of
dehyrogenases (H carrier)
2-coenz 3 in metab of cysteine 3-nicotinic a & amide act
as CNS stimulant 4-N.acid
vasodilator 5-N.acid in
treat of hyperlipidemia |
pellagra due to defficiency involve skin (inflammation) ,GIT (diarrhea) ,CNS (loss of mental power |
infants 6 *children 16 adults 12-20 mg/day |
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