| hormone |
actions |
preparations |
uses |
side effects |
site of sec |
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| estrogen (include 1-estradiol (most potent) 2-esterone (least) 3-esteriol (partial agonist (low efficacy) |
1-female development include a) female sex organs >2ry sexual characteristics (develop hair in axil of pubic
,distribution of body fat ,) b) accelerated growth
& closure of epiphysis at puberty c)pigmentaion of certain areas in skin
(needles ,genital region) 2- metabolic actions : a) (-) motility of GIT and + intest
abs b)essens. for maintainance of normal functions (skin & bl. vessels in females) c)
antagonise parathormone induced bone reabs (trans
of Ca from bone to bl) if estrogen (-) > post menapausal osteoporosis d) + syn of enz & growth factors >develop
of uterus 3-endometrial action :1-estrogen & proges are
responsible for regular periodic bleeding &
shidding of endometrial living 2-long term treat of estrogen in post menopausal women >hyperplasia & abnormal bleeding 4-blood coagulability estrogen +blood clotting + risk of thromboembolism in pills due to (1-+
bl .clotting factors
2,7,9,10,fibrinogen 2-+ platelet aggregation 3-(-) anti thrombin III factors 5-+
Na reabs & water retention >Oedema |
1-natural prep >indogenous 2-synthetic : a)Diethyl stilbasterol b)-Mestranol
(in contraceptive pills ) >invivo to c)Ethinyl
estradiol (most widely used) ,*estrogenic prep as
orally as tablet or parentral IM or skin >transdermal patches ,metab in
liver ,exc in urine |
1-replacement therapy in hypo ovarian conditions (post menopausal women and menopausal
symptoms of young age 2-contraception 3-treat of Prostatic cancer 4-(-) of lactation 5-treat of acne |
1-nausia , vommiting 2-headache 3-gall bladder disease & jaundice 4-tenderness
(pain) in breast 5-migrain 6-abnormal bleeding in case of prolong therapy 7-change in
fat & carboh. Metab |
1-ovaries 2-placenta 3-adrenal cortex 4-testis |
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| progestins |
1-+ secretort phase &
regeneration of endomet & prep the endomet for
implantn of fert ova 2-metabolic actions :a- + insulin release b-+ glycogen storage in liver c- + activity of lipoprotein
lipase >triglyceriges
3-antagonise action of aldosterone (-)_ Na reabs 4-Thermogenic effect + body temp by 0.5
c at ovulatn till the end of the cycle 5-responsible for development of
secretory apparatus in the breast |
prep : 1-progesterone & its
derivatives a-progesterone b-medroxy
progesterone c-hydroxy
progesterone 2-Tostesterone derivatives :a- Norgestrel b-L -norgestrel c-Norethisterone |
1-replacement therapy in combination of estrogen 2-treat. Of certain endomet carcinoma 3-contraception |
1-hypertension 2-Androgenic
actions in some females (tostest derivatives) >Hirsutism >growth of
hair on abnormal sides 3-+ myocardial infarction |
1-ovaries 2-placenta 3-adrenal cortex 4-testis |
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| oral
contraceptives |
A) combined (estrogen &
progestins) : estrogen (-) release of FSH from ant.pit > (-) ovarian follicle development ,progestin *1-(-) release of LH > (-) ovulation from ant pit *2-render cervical mucous thick > insuitable for passage of sperm ** estrogen & progestin
(-) coordinated contractions of cervix ,uterus of fallopian tubes > (-) fertilization B) Progesterone
alone : 1-render cervical
mucous thick 2- (-) release of LH |
oral A) combination estrogen (ethinyl estradiole or Mestranol (less common) & progestins (L-norgestrel
or Norethisterone) |
adv: 1-can be taken after labor as it not affect lactation
2-taken in women e high risk of abnormal bleeding & hyper plasia ,,
disadv : 1-missing a pill may produce pregnancy 2-nausia ,headache ,migrain
3-break through bleeding 4-skin changes (acne ,pigmentation of dark skinned
woman 5-Amenorrhea 6-vaginal infection 7-thromboembolism 8-breast cancer
9-GIT changes |
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| parentral contraceptive |
implantable >sustained release >progestin derivatives
,, Progestin a)Norgentrel
>contraceptive for 5 years b) Methoy progesterone AC >3 months |
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| antiestrogen drugs |
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| Tamoxifen |
block estrogen receptor in breast |
both non steroidal ,orally active drugs ,partial agonist to
estradiol |
post menopausal breast cancer (stop activity of estrogen tumours) |
1-nausia 2-headache
3-hot flushes |
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| clamiphen citrate |
block estrogen receptor in pitutary> inhibit -ve feed back of estrogen |
stim release of FSH ,LS ,* induction of ovulation |
1-multible pregnancy 2-nausia 3-headache |
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