Personality

 

Definition :

the sum of traits interacting with each other .

 

Personality component :

 

1- Personality components as traits :which is the behavior which characterizes the individual over a period of time & named by a pair of opposite characters eg. Warm-cold ,intellegent-stupid ,cheerful-depressed .

 

2- Personality component as factors :

physique ,temperament ,moral &religious experience .

 

moral :rules of action which govern behavior (immoral to steal &cheat)

 

classification of personality :

1-constitutional clasification (KRETCHMER)

acc to the body built of human being into 4 groups

 

a-Pyknic physique : rounded body ,short neck ,fat persons .

they are usually sociable ,relaxed ,enjoy eating.

 

b-Athletic physique : broad shoulders ,flat abdomen and thick neck.

They are usually :energetic ,competitive )

 

c-Asthenic physique : long narrow flat chest and poor musculature .

they are :antisocial ,hypersensitive and secretive.

 

d-Dysplastic physique :not fit any one of previous categories.

 

 

2-Trait classification (Jung) :

 

a-Introvert :shut-in ,shy ,withdrawn ,asocial ,day dreamer.

 

b-Extrovert :outgoing ,optimistic ,sociable ,do not care about criticism

 

c-Ambivert :mid-way between the first two.

 

 

3-Temperamental classification :

 

1-Inadequate personality :

deficient in physical & emotional energy

incapable of persistance in work

 

2-Schizoid personality :

avoid close or prolonged relationships with other people.

 

3-Cyclothymic personality :

alternating moods of cheerfulness & mild depression

 

4-Hypomanic personality:

outgoing ,optimistic ,extrovert ,enjoy his life.

 

5-Depressive personality : quiet ,pessimistic

 

6-paranoid personality :

over-estimating himself ,ambitious (he is the only in the world)

 

7-Emotionally unstable personality :

show explosive outbrusts in the face of minor stress.

 

8-Hysterical personality :

Attension seeking

Shallow emotional relation with other

Selfish

 

9-Obsessive personality :

perfectionistic

overcurious

tidy ,fond of cleanliness

 

10-Sociopathic personality:

aggressiveness :tend to harm & disturb others both physically and psychologically.

 

 

ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY :

 

1-INTERVIEW METHOD :by classic interviw

 

2-CASE STUDY METHOD :gathering available information from infancy ,childhood till adolescence to maturity.

 

3-FREE ASSOCIATION AND DREAM INTERPRETATION : the patient relaxes both physically and mentally and talks about whatever comes to his mind

 

4-OBJECTIVE METHOD :

A)RATING SCALES :to measure degree of certain trait

B)QUESTIONAIRE :list of questions & response by yes or no ,false or true .