| Entamoeba. Histolytica | Entamoeba.coli | plasmodium | Toxoplasma .gondii | Balantidium coli | ||||||
| morphology | vegetative | crescent hyaline bodies ,no flagella *e Romanowsky stain >red nucleus on blue cytoplasn | oval , ,clilia ,ant mouth 2-nuclei (kidney shaped),2-contractile vacules | |||||||
| size | 10-30 um | 20-30 um | ||||||||
| movement | explosive | slow | ||||||||
| cytoplasm | slightly granular | granular e ground glass appearance | ||||||||
| red cells | included ,but no bacteria | bacteria ,starch but no RBCs | ||||||||
| karyosome | centric faintly visible | conspicuous and eccentric | ||||||||
| cysts | ||||||||||
| glycogen mass | yellowish brown in mature | if present dark brown (immature) | ||||||||
| chromatid body | usu present | unusual & filamentous | ||||||||
| class | sarcodina (Rhizopoda) | sporozoa | sporozoa | ciliata | ||||||
| locomotion | pseudopodia | lack of specific mov ,immature ><pseudopodia ,adult >flagella (male sex >flagella) | cilia | |||||||
| infective stage | mature cyst | sporozoites | sporozoites | cyst (in pigs) | ||||||
| source of infection | cyst with ( feces ,fingers ,flies ,food) | female anopheline mosquitoes sexually by w they are transmitted and asexual in human liver and RBCs | cats ,domestic feces ,uncooked meat | fecally contaminated food | ||||||
| disease | amoebic dysentry :acute type like bacillary dysentry charac by evacuatn of blood ,, one of dangers : amoeba may enter b.v and infect liver cause acute hepatitis and later amoebic abscess | malaria (fever) *onset diff in diff sp 2nd day in p.vivax and p.ovale (tertiary malaria) ,3rd e p.malaria (quartan malaria) and irregular e p.falciparum | *visceral destruction ,meningo- encephalitis and death ,, in pregnant >abortion | Balantidiasis >dysentry (diarrhea) | ||||||
| diagnosis | acute :stool contain entirely of blood and mucous (contain active or vegetative form of amoeba in large no.) *sub-acute : amoebic diarrhea :loose stool + mucous (contain mainly precystic form) *chronic type : stool appear normal except for slight mucous ****(indirect diagnosis by IHA test) | heavy malarial infection >ordinary bl film stained by leishnan's stain *more chronic >thick film :samp bl on slide as thick film >stained for 40 m e leishman's >dry in air >red cells haemolysed ,, malaria parasite appear clear | 1-stain >romanowsky 2-haemoagglutination test using sensitized red cells >titer is 64 or more >+ve 3-ELISA test to detect IgM | stool analysis >observe cyst & vegitative | ||||||
| ttt | metronidazole + iodoquinol | 1-ttt of clinical attack >4-aminoquinoline (chloroquine) >blood schizonticide initial dose 600mg (4 tbs) then 300mg in 6h ,then 300mg on 2nd and 3rd days *p.malaria & falciparum >cured *vivax & ovale >clinical attack cured but relapse occur 2-radical ttt :for relapsing malaria (vivax ,ovale) >8-aminoquinoline (primaquine) :15mg daily for 14 days 3-suppression ttt :in endemic areas chloroquine 300 every weak (for p.malaria & falciparum) also primaquine for p.vivax & ovale | pyrimethamine in combination with sulfadiazine ,, Rovamycin is also used | course of tetracycline followed by di iodo hydroxy quinoline and/or metronidazole | ||||||
| life cycle | cyst e stool (immature cyst) >not affected by gastric juice >in lower intestine >divide by binary fission to mature cyst (4 nu in histolytica ,8 in coli) >feces | in anopheline :male & female gametocytes >zygote >stomach wall >oocyst >rupture >sporozoites invade salivary galnds >bite man >attack ;liver cells >merozoites (attack RBCs) >trophozoite >schizont >merozoites (reagain to attack RBCs) or form immature gametocytes | in cat (protozoa) >sexually >oocyte >feces >4 sporozoites >injgested in intermediate host (cow) >trophozoites in blood & tissue | cyst found in pigs > ingested by man (large intestine ) >trophozoite (excyst) >multiply (binary fission) invade mucosa | ||||||
| notes | in live in lower part of intestine | merozoite >give macrogametes (female) & microgametes( male) | definitive host >cat (sexual reproductn) ,intermediate >cow ,human | commensal to pig ,infect man | ||||||