| name |
chemistry |
properties |
distribution |
function |
deficiency |
requirments |
toxicity |
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| vit A |
a ,b ,g carotenes and cryptoxanthine (B carotene form of ring of
B-ionine w give 2 molec of vit A |
insol/water ,*sol in fatty solvent ,*biological act lost due to
1-UV 2-oxdn 3-light *it present in 2 isomers a-all trans vitA b-11- cis vit
A1 .*vit A2 40% activity of vit A1 (A2 have 2 = in ring) |
col liver oil ,carrots |
1-accomodition of dim
(rods) and bright light (cones) how? 2-maintain
healthy epithelium (retinoic acid) 3-normal growth and reproduction (retinol)
& groth by the 2 4-normal constructn of bone and
teeth >control act of osteoblasts 5-normal
function of adrenal cortex
> esp of zona fasiculata (glucocort action on carboh metab) 6-antioxidant form metabolite 5,6 epoxy retinoic ACID and it is antipromotor activity # tumor formation
(cancer) |
1-loss of accomodition :a-night blindness b-Xerophthalmia (stop sec of tears) c-keratomalacia d-inf & ulceration (+bact formn >swell >sticking >
blindness) 2-inf of skin 3-(-) growth and
reproduction 4-adrenal cort act is decreased 5-urinary tract infect |
adult :5000
IU/day *preg : 6000 lact 8000 |
1-nausia .,vommiting ,skin abnormalities >fissuring of corners of
mouth >bleeding of lips
>loss of appetite
>loss of weight 2-hypoprothrombinimia >bleeding 3-Carotenimia |
|
| vit D (cholecalciferol) |
steroid :2 precursors in nature a)Ergosterol
>Vit D2 b) 7-dehydro
cholesterol :vit D3 |
*mineral oil (-) abs */exc in milk & bile *metab: 1-hydroxylase in liver >25- hydroxy chol 2-further
hydroxylatn in kidney
>25- hydroxy -chol -1 -hydroxylase (active form) *regulated by level of Ca & po4 |
cod liver *sardines and salmon *egg yolk *green plants |
normalization of Ca & po4 (if Ca (-)
>+_ PTH + 1,25 di *+ abs of ca by
intestine *(-) renal exc of ca *+ renal reabs of Ca *if no normalization of
ca level > mobilization of ca from bone
(very dangerous) |
1-rickets in
children & Osteomalacia as incomplete minerilization of
collagen matrix of bone by Ca >bow legs ,Knock
knees > if no treat >tetany 2-renal rickets from chronic renal failure (-) ability of kidney to form active
forn of vit D 3-(-)mineralizatn leads to
osteomalacia >+ osteoblasts >sec xxs alkaline
phosphatase > + in bl |
400-800 IU /day for infants *adult 400 *preg
800 |
*constipation *vomiting *nausia *poly
urea *hyper calcaemia >deposition of Ca in many organs such as kidney and arteries |
|
| Vit k
(Naphtaquinone) |
natural : vit K1 (phylloquinone) & K2 (Menaquinone w is more
active) 2-syn eg Menadione (K3) and Pthiocol |
*natural & syn vit K contain methyl gp at C2 due w activity
*abs from small intestine |
|
*coenz
Q w is e carrier help productn of ATP 2-help bl clotting by :a formn of -carboxy glutamate >activation of
prothorombin & clotting factors w bind to glutamyl residues by its
carboxylation 2-interaction of proth e platelets form proth -Ca complex able
to bind PL essent for bl clotting |
Bleeding due to use of antibiotic as cephalosporins w kill
intest bacteria or drugs as warfarin |
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| vit E (Tocopherol) |
a- tocopherol is the most active ,B ,G ,d all contain side chain
of 12 c |
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*non spesific anti- oxidant activity >prevent sat of unsat FA
>(-) heart disease &Arterisclerosis 2-delay onset of cataract 3-anti
sterility esp in rats |
#NAME? |
30mg /day |
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