| generic | chemical name | chemical structure | comments | |
| benzoic acid derivatives | cocaine | *prototype *application on mucous membrane topically ,eye ,nose | ||
| hexyl cocaine | 1-(cyclohexylamino) -2-propyl benzoate hydrochloride | uses :topically & spinal anaethesia | ||
| Mepryl cocaine | 2-methyl -2-propylamino-1-propylbenzoate HCl | *local anasth & vasodilator (E) to ! Toxicity and + duration *and used in dentistry | ||
| piperocaine HCl | 3- (2-methyl- 1-piperdino) propyl benzoate | *used in opthalmic ,spinal ,nerve block ,nose (all types of anath) | ||
| P-amino benzoic acid derivatives | Benzocaine | 4-amino ethyl benzoate | *in oint & cream for inf mucous memb | |
| procaine HCl | 2-(diethyl amino) ethyl -p-amino benzoate | *rapidly hyd *stable at PH 3.6 ,if + PH >! Stability *it is vasodilator so vasoconstrictor like E or phenyl ephrine is used to 1-! Abs of drug 2-long duratn 3-less toxic *it is not used topically **assay :diazometric titration :titrant :NaNo2+ HCl (principal & precausion ??) *not used as antiarrythmic drug as it rapid hyd and not reach heart in suffiecient conc | ||
| chlorprocaine HCl | 2-chloro 4-amino -[2-(diethyl amino) ethyl] benzoate HCl | *effect of Cl2 atom :e withdrawing gp at position 2 >destabilize the ester toward hyd , so rate of hyd greater than procaine itself and less duration but it is more potent (very rapid onset ,short duration) | ||
| Benoxinate Hcl | 3-butoxy-4-amino-[2-(diethyl amino) ethyl] benzoate HCl | *effect of alkoxy gp at 3 position :stabilize the ester toward hyd ,longer duration *used in opthalmology as no significant irritation to eye and no constriction or dilatation to pupil of eye | ||
| Procainamide HCl | 4-amino-N-[(2-diethyl amino ) ethyl] benzamideHCL | *isostere of procaine *slow rate of hyd >long duration *used in antiarrythmia + anaesthesia | ||
| Anilides or lidocaines | Lidocaine or xylocaine | 2-diethylamino -N-(2,6- dimethyl phenyl) acetamide | *assay :it is basic drug (non aq titration) titrant >perchloric acid ,solvent ?? Ind ?? *** metabolism :1-oxidative N dealkylation then amidase | |
| Mepivacaine | N- (2,6 dimethyl phenyl) -1-methyl -piperidine -2- carboxamide | use piperidine (heterocyclic amine) | ||
| Bupivacaine | N- (2,6 dimethyl phenyl) -1-butyl -piperidine -2- carboxamide | more potent by 2-3 times than lidocaine or mepivacaine | ||
| Micellaneous drugs | phenacaine | N,N'- Bis(4-ethoxy phenyl) acetamide | ||
| Dibucaine | 2-butoxy-N-[2-(diethylamine) ethyl]- quinoline carboxamide | |||