| Describe what source of contamination and how can you overcome? | ||||||
| source | contaminations | treatment | ||||
| 1-row marterials&water | 1-oils,fats and waxes ,gums are heavily contaminated with m.o(16milion/gm) 2-talc,kaolin,chalk,starch 3-synthetic mat.vary in no.,less than natural 4-distilled water rarely free from m.o | using ion exchange resins and to keep I.E.units clean a-clean them before use. B-perfectable to use them continously (use intermittently) | ||||
| 2-manufact. environment | air&operators 1-ps. Found in towels,shoes,gloves and hands. 2-drums,sacks and containers used for packaging of raw mat. 3-machines used for ph.prep. (parts diff to clean are orifices&services | air by (filters,sprays,disinfectants) | ||||
| 3-containers and closure materials | A-containers un-proper form as use of wide mouth jars for oint. And creams B-for closure mat.s:1-cork:contain mats inactivate preservative(eg.tannin) 2-rubber mats absorb certain amount of pres.=unsafe prep.(eg.insulin vial contain0.5% of phenol unprotected after 12months storage | A-for containers: 1-using narrow mouthed jars 2-collapsible tubes 3-single dose containers (eye drops) B-for rubber closure:1-satn. Of rubber with pres. In use 2-coting the rubber by water repellent mat. Some plastics are non-absorpant. | ||||
| 4-miss-use of prep. | common in hospital wards where large jars are often used for oint. &creams ,and liable to be dipped int by hands cause serious infection and cross contamination. | reserches proved that 24 containers unopened contain 1+ve culture while 50 opened containers contain 18 +ve cultures. | ||||