| deoxy sugars | L-rhamnose C6H12O3 | D-digitoxose C6H12O4 *in digitalis sp | cymarose *cardiac glycoside * in strophanthus kombe ,apocyanum sp | |||
| aldopentoses mostly not present free in plants (glycosidic combination) | D-ribose | D-arabinose | D-xylose | D-lyxose | ||
| aldohexoses | D-allose | D-altrose | D-glucose | D-mannose | ||
| D-gulose | D-idose | D-galactose | D-talose | D-hamamelose *in hamamelis virginiana *usu in glycosidal combination | ||
| ketoses | D-ribulose | D-xylulose | D-fructose (fruit sugar) | sedoheptulose *in sedum spectabile *intermediate in photosyn | D-glycero-D-manno-octulose *in avocado (persea gratissima ,P.americana) ,primula officinalis ,papaver somniferum | |
| sugar derivatives | ||||||
| 1-glycosides & ethers | arbutin *hydroquinone | solasonine | digitoxose | cymarose | ||
| 2-esters (ester of CHO with phenolic aromatic acid called hydrolyzable tannins) | hammamelose (H.virginiana) *called hamamelis tannin * the acid is gallic a | phosphate esters G^P | sulphate ester *in algae | |||
| glycitol)alcohols *lack of reducing gps *glycerol in plant as Po4 >intermediate in photosyn | 5c- D-ribitol *free in Adonis vernalis *combined in riboflavin | 6c- D-glucitol (sorbitol) | 7c- D-glycero -D-talo -heptitol (Volemitol) *Lactarias volemus (mushrooms) *in lichens and algae *in primula spp | 7c- D-glycero -D-galacto heptitol (petseitol) *in avocado seeds & trees *in persea americana | 8c - D-erythro -D-galacto-octitol *in avocado | |
| inositols (not derivative of sugars ,not obtained by redn of sugar) | Myoinositol *used as growth factor in certain plants tissue culture *inositol hexa phosphate deriv =phytic a (Na phytate) is complexing agent for HM or hypocalcemic agent | pinitol *5-o-methyl inositol *in coniferus | Quercitol *in corns of Quercus trees | leucanthanitol *in crysanthemum leucanthemum ,C.maximum fam apocyanaceae | inositol nicotine *peripheral vasodilator *antilipidimic agent | |
| sugar acids | gluconic acid | glucuronic acid | glucaric acid (saccharic a) | Ascorbic acid | ||