| anti arrythmia | 1-cardiac GS >tacchycardia >arrythmia (in toxic dose) |
| 2-Epinephrine (sp e halogenated anaeth agent eg halothane or CHCL3) | |
| 3-Cacl2 | |
| 4-surgical (acute ligation of coronary artery of cat or dog) >myocardial infarction | |
| 5-Aconitine (cotton moistened on right atrium >arryth at once or infusion by very small dose 10 Mg/Kg/ min of rat | |
| 6-choline esters (carbachol) >arryth >+ repolarization ! Cardiac cycle | |
| anti hypertesive drugs | 1- physiologically 1-air past 5 days in a week ,for 10 min 2-ring of bell each 5 min for 8 hrs 3-flash in eyes for 30 times/min for 3 hrs |
| 2-diet dificient in K or choline | |
| 3- salt e Adenocorticoid (salt 2%) >6 month to 1 year ** if e nephroctomy (removal of one kidney) >4 monthes ** if with DOCA (deoxy corticosterone) >1 month | |
| 4-renal ischemia (prevent bl supply) (by ligation of renal artery >renin >Ang II > VC | |
| 5-cerebral Ischemia >occlusion of carotid artery >hypertension | |
| 6-uterine Ischemia | |
| 7-inject Angiotensin 4-6 weeks | |
| 8-excessive amount of vit D | |
| analgesic drugs | A) NARCOTIC ANALGESIC |
| 1-THERMAL METHODS 1-hot plate method 2-tail flick method 3-tail immersion method | |
| 2-MECHANICAL METHODS 1-tail clip method (quantal assay) 2-tail compression method (Ep >squeeke) 3-paw compression method (calc no of turns) | |
| B) NON NARCOTIC ANALGESIC | |
| 1-CHEMICAL METHODS 1-AcoH induced writhing (abd contr ,twisting trunk ,expansion of limbs) >calc no of writhing in 20 min 2-phenyl quinone induced writhing (quantal assay 50% protection) | |
| 2-ELECTRICAL METHOD : 1-pododolumeter 2-Recto podolumeter 3-tooth pulp method | |
| anti pyretic | 1-yeast indused pyrexia : yeast susp 20% 1ml > SC in rat >after 7-8 hrs >pyrexia |
| 2-pyrogen induced pyrexia (rabbits) >inject IV in ear vein >after 3-4 hrs | |
| anti inflammatory | 1-Paw edema method >inject irritant subs in paw eg formaline ,caragenan (0.05 ml) of rat after 4 hrs >swell >difference in weight () both >inf a) anasth >cut both legs & weigh b)water displacement : by inject other rat e anti inf drugs after 4 hrs calc % protection |
| 2-granuloma pouch method >make air sac in back of animal >inject caragenan >after 8 days >exudate >measure >other gp >add anti inf >! Exudate | |
| 3-granuloma method >implantation of foreign substance in animal (as cotton bullet or sponge) >weigh before and after removal from axil of animal >+ weight (cotton & granuloma) | |
| 4-Adjuvant induced arthritis :Froend's complete adjuvant (mycobacterium +oil phase +water ) >inf (arthritis ,after one week >arthritis in both legs ?anti inf >prevent swelling & oedema | |
| 5-UV induced erythema >om G pig >shaving of back >skin subject to UV after 4h' >erythema >measure | |
| Anxiolytic | 1-methods depend on locomotor activity : |
| A-open field method >detn squares no & frequency of rearing | |
| B-animal activity monitor | |
| 2-forced swimming test >glass tank contain ramp >detn a-swimming latency b-time c-direction (NB anxiolytic prolong swimming time & swimming latency) | |
| 3-method depend on change of behaviour | |
| 1-taming effect >diff species >fight & flight | |
| 2-effect on induced aggressiveness :I-isolation II-Territorial aggreg. (male put e male & female) | |
| 3-condition Ovoidance response >anxiolytic >prevent only conditioned stimulus | |
| 4-Non specific method A)prolongation sleeping time B)Rota rod method | |
| Antipsychotic | 1-antagonism of behaviour (effect of amphetamine or apomorphine) eg stereotype behaviour |
| 2-group excitement test >+ toxicity of amphetamine when + drowsness ! LD50% | |
| 3-condition ovoidance test >inhibit conditioned but not affect unconditioned | |
| 4-effect on behavioural motor activity eg dopamine >catatonia & catalepsy | |
| Antidepressant | 1-infant -mother separation in monkey |
| 2-learned helplessness method >unescapable repeated painful stimuli | |
| 3-Reserpine >suicidal tecdency as it depletion of 5HT ,NE | |
| 4-forced swimming test >anti depressent ! Latency ! Swimming time + score of swim | |
| anti parkinsonism | 1-N-methyl-4-phenyl tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)monkey>injection >damage of dopaminergic nerve >tremor,rigidity |
| 2-Antagonism of tremors by oxotremonine (muscarinic agonist) | |
| 3-perphenazine induced catatonia in rat >dopamine antagonism | |
| anti convulsant | A-electrical methods : 1- supramaximal electroshock method >grand mal >ear >140volt >100shock/sec tonic,clonic >death immediately >calc 50% protection |
| 2-psychomotor electroshock method >100volt or less >6/sec ie 36shocks >tonic,clonic >animal is stationary upright >jerk >50% protection | |
| B-chemical methods :1- pentylenetetrazol 100mg/kg in scruff area (SC) >tonic then clonic >die | |
| 2-picrotoxin >mechanistic tool (as it enhance GABA action) | |
| 3-excitatory AA >L-glutamate or N-methyl aspartate injected in icv |