| group | example | chemical name | mechanism | use |
| 1-piperazines | piperazine citrate (hexhydropiperazine) | pin worm (oxyuris) & round worms | ||
| diethyl carbamazine citrate | N,N diethyl carbamyl-4-methylpiperazine | block Ach regeneratn causing flaccid paralysis so expelled the worm in feces | various forms of filariasis also effective # Ascaris | |
| 2-Benzimidazoles (broad spectrum) | thiabendazole | 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole | inhibit helminth specific enz (fumarate reductase) *N.B :it is basic cpd so can form complexes e metal ions | ascaris ,thread worms ,pin worms |
| mebendazole | methyl 5-benzoyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate | irreversible uptake of glucose in helminthes so depleting glycogen in parasite ** also inhibit cell division in nematodes | pinworm ,hook worm ,round worm | |
| flubendazole | methyl 5-(4-flurobenzoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate | it act selectivily on microtubular system of nematoda leading to degeneratn of worm absorption cells | ||
| Albendazole (albenazole) | methyl 5-(propyl thio)-2-benzimidazole carbamate | active form of product after metab to sulfoxide | effective as single dose for ascaris ,anclystoma ,trichuris & multiple in thread worms and pin worms | |
| 3-phenolic drv | niclosamide | 5-chloro N(2-chloro-4-nitro phenyl)-2-hydroxy benzamide | interfere e respiratn & glucose uptake of parasite ,also inhibit uptake of iP into ATP ** N.B :it is recommended to use saline purgative after using it ro reject lower segments of worm w contain mature eggs | cestoda & nematoda |
| Bithionol | 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichloro)phenol *** or bis (2-hydroxy -3,5-dichlorophenyl) sulfide | DOC in ttt of fasciola hepatica | ||
| 4-Acridines | Quinacrine | 6-chloro-9-[(4-diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino] 2-methoxy acridine | interchelation e DNA | T.solium infections |
| 5-Quinoline & isoquinoline | praziquantel (Synthesis >imp) | 1-cyclohexyl carbonyl- | increase permeability of worm cell memb to Ca ion >loss of extracellular ca >massive contractn & paralysis | DOC in ttt of bilharziasis |
| Oxamniquine | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-6-hydroxymethyl quinoline | inhibit DNA & RNA *** hydroxy methyl gp >ess for activity | for schist. Mansoni | |
| 6-miscellaneous (broad spectrum ) | Tetramisol (levo form more active) | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6 imidazo[2,1-b] thiazol ?? | stereospecific inhibitn of fumarate reductase causing paralysis of worms | single dose for round ,hook ,thread |
| pyrantel pamoate | Trans-1,4,5,6-tertahydro-1-methyl-2-[2{2-thienyl)vinyl] pyrimidine pamoate | depolarizing NMB >spastic paralysis so contraindicated in combinatn e piperazine | for ascaris & oxyuris | |