| product | m.o | medium | PH | o2 | temp | time | specific |
| ethyl alc (organic solvent) | Saccharomyces cerevisia ,candida pseudotropicalis | molasses of sugar cane or sugar beet 10%-20% | from 4 to 5 | biphasic O2 req 1-for masses production :aerobic 2-for alc :an | 20c | 50 hrs | fermentation after react fied dehydrated |
| alc beverages (Beer) (does not suffer from syn product as no competition why ?) (3-6 % alc) | S. cerevices (Baker's yeast ) | Brley ,allow germinate for wort | barley> germinate > incubate in warm water (65c for 2hrs "mashing" ) >filter (clear wort ) >add Hops > 5 days fermentation > storage (for pptn of pectins ) >filter ,reaction > bottles >carbonated > alc content 3-6% | ||||
| plastic table wine 10% alc | S. cerevices | grapes | from 4 to 5 | aerobic then an | sparkling wines shampagne carbonation of wine , bottles held under pressure (reaction inside the bottle) | ||
| glyccerol | S. cerevisia | removal of acetaldhyde as soon as it is formed (by addn of bisulfite ) | |||||
| Lactic acid (used as Ca lactate) | 2 types of organisms : Lactobacillus bulgaricus ,L. pentosus , L. delbrueckii Streptococcus lactis | glucose ,lactose ,sucrose | 5.8 -6 | microaerophilic | for lactobacillus 45-50 for streptococcus 30c | 1-6 days | absolute sterility is not needed (why? ) 1-due to 1-elevated temps 2-microaerophilic conditions *monofermentn give lactic a only ,hetero give other products with it . Both d & L forms present due to racemase enzyme *yield 90% from sugar > recovery Calactate +H2so4 |
| Butanol ,acetone ,ethanol production | Clostridium acetobutylicum | potato starch based media 4% starch | 6-6.5 | anerobic | 30-32c | 48-60 | *med heated 3 min at 65c (to select org which is relatively resistant to bacteriophage) *absolute sterility is needed (1-due to contamination with bacteriophage give very low yield 2-contamination of Lactobacillus may impair productivity of org as it is microaerophilic) |
| product | m.o | medium | PH | o2 | temp | time | specific |
| Citric acid (by fermentation) | from fungi 1-asp. Niger 2-asp. Wantii | glucose sucrose maltose | 3 | aeriation | 24-30c | 10 days | production of citric acid by 2 ways :1-submerged culture (using mechanically agutated fermenter ) 2-by using static culture flask surface mat will be prodused put shallow layer of medium culture this allow exchange of products bet org & med ,flasks are not shaken ,,made from glass or stainless steel (acid resistant) *no need of absolute sterility because of highly acidic PH) |
| dextran (blood plasma extender ) as it is viscous *it is nutritive material for production of iron dextran (polymer of glucose) | Leuconstoc mesenoteroidesdirect method | 10% sucrose | 6.7-5.1 | agitation .mild areation | 25c | 30hrs | disadv : 1-prolonged time 2-very difficult to centrifuge it as it is viscous soln . 3-not obtain homogenous grade of dextran |
| Leuconstoc mesenoteroides dextranosucrase (enzymatic method) | 2% sucrose | 5.1 | 25c | 6 then 8 hrs (total 14 hrs) | PH 5.1 suitable for retention of energy *centrifuge (to separate enzyme from the med ) then firter and take filterate and carry out further reactions adv: 1-rapid 2-solves centrifugation 3-homogenous grade of dextran is produced (clinical grade of dextran from 75,000 +-25,000) *ppt by methanol then dissolve in Hcl to hydrolyse the polymer to reach clinical grade of dextran | ||
| vit production (vit B12) (endo product) | Propionibacterium ferudenerichii or bi product of Streptomyces grises (low yield but it is cheap process) | 1-glucose 10% 2-cornsteep liquor 3-Betaine (methyl donar ) 4-cobalt ,HcN 6,6 dimethyl -benziminazole | 7-7.5 | biphasic o2 requirments :1-anerobic (to form cobinamide after 70 hrs) then areobic (coblamine after 50 hrs) | media is :1- 6,6 dimethyl … to facilitate formation of ring structure ,2-methyl donar (as most vit B12 contain methyl gps ) 3-co ,HcN .o2 need | ||
| vit B2 (Riboflavin ) | ashbyagossypil ,Eremolthecium Ashbya | ||||||