Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the
following has the greatest momentum? a. | tortoise with a mass of 270 kg moving at a velocity of 0.5
m/s | b. | hare with a mass of 2.7
kg moving at a velocity of 7 m/s | c. | turtle with a mass of 91 kg moving at a velocity of 1.4
m/s | d. | roadrunner with a mass
of 1.8 kg moving at a velocity of 6.7 m/s | | |
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2.
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A child with
a mass of 23 kg rides a bike with a mass of 5.5 kg at a velocity of 4.5 m/s to the south. Compare the
momentum of the child with the momentum of the bike. a. | Both the child and the
bike have the same momentum. | b. | The bike has a greater momentum than the
child. | c. | The child has a greater momentum than the
bike. | d. | Neither the child nor the bike has momentum. | | |
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3.
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Which of the
following situations is an example of change in momentum? a. | A tennis ball is hit
into a net. | b. | A helium-filled balloon rises upward into the
sky. | c. | An airplane flies into
some scattered white clouds. | d. | A bicyclist rides over a leaf on the
pavement. | | |
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4.
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A rubber
ball with a mass of 0.30 kg is dropped onto a steel plate. The ball’s velocity just before
impact is 4.5 m/s and just after impact is 4.2 m/s. What is the change in the ball’s
momentum? a. | –0.09
kg·m/s | c. | –4.0
kg·m/s | b. | –2.6 kg·m/s | d. | –12 kg·m/s | | | | |
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5.
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A softball
with a mass of 0.11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then the ball is hit by a bat and rebounds
in the opposite direction at a speed of 15 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the
ball? a. | –1.3
kg·m/s | c. | –0.33
kg·m/s | b. | –1.6 kg·m/s | d. | –3.0 kg·m/s | | | | |
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6.
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Which of the
following statements properly relates the variables in the equation FDt = Dp? a. | A large constant force changes an object’s momentum over a long
time interval. | b. | A large constant force acting over a long time interval causes a large
change in momentum. | c. | A large constant force changes an object’s momentum at various
time intervals. | d. | A large constant force does not necessarily cause a change in an
object’s momentum. | | |
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7.
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A large
moving ball collides with a small stationary ball. The momentum a. | of the large ball
decreases, and the momentum of the small ball increases. | b. | of the small ball
decreases, and the momentum of the large ball increases. | c. | of the large ball
increases, and the momentum of the small ball decreases. | d. | does not change for
either ball. | | |
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8.
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A rubber
ball moving at a speed of 5 m/s hit a flat wall and returned to the thrower at 5 m/s. The magnitude
of the momentum of the rubber ball a. | increased. | c. | remained the same. | b. | decreased. | d. | was not
conserved. | | | | |
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9.
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An astronaut
with a mass of 70.0 kg is outside a space capsule when the tether line breaks. To return to the
capsule, the astronaut throws a 2.0 kg wrench away from the capsule at a speed of 14 m/s. At what
speed does the astronaut move toward the capsule? a. | 5.0 m/s | c. | 3.5 m/s | b. | 0.4 m/s | d. | 7.0 m/s | | | | |
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10.
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A bullet
with a mass of 5.00 ´ 10–3 kg is loaded into a gun. The loaded gun has a mass of 0.52 kg.
The bullet is fired, causing the empty gun to recoil at a speed of 2.1 m/s. What is the speed of the
bullet? a. | 48
m/s | c. | 120
m/s | b. | 220
m/s | d. | 360
m/s | | | | |
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11.
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Two skaters,
each with a mass of 50 kg, are stationary on a frictionless ice pond. One skater throws a 0.2 kg ball
at 5 m/s to the other skater, who catches it. What are the velocities of the skaters when the ball is
caught? a. | 0.02 m/s moving
apart | c. | 0.02 m/s moving toward
each other | b. | 0.04 m/s moving apart | d. | 0.04 m/s moving toward each other | | | | |
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12.
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Two objects
stick together and move with the same velocity after colliding. Identify the type of
collision. a. | elastic | c. | inelastic | b. | perfectly elastic | d. | perfectly inelastic | | | | |
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13.
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Two
snowballs with masses of 0.40 kg and 0.60 kg, respectively, collide head-on and combine to form a
single snowball. The initial speed for each is 15 m/s. If the velocity of the snowball with a mass of
1.0 kg is 3.0 m/s after the collision, what is the decrease in kinetic energy? a. | zero | c. | 60
J | b. | 110
J | d. | 90
J | | | | |
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14.
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A 1.5
´ 103 kg
truck moving at 15 m/s strikes a 7.5 ´ 102 kg automobile stopped at a traffic light. The vehicles hook bumpers
and skid together at 10.0 m/s. What is the decrease in kinetic energy? a. | 1.1 ´ 105
J | c. | 1.7 ´ 105
J | b. | 1.2 ´ 104 J | d. | 6.0 ´ 104 J | | | | |
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15.
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A clay ball
with a mass of 0.35 kg has an initial speed of 4.2 m/s. It strikes a 3.5 kg clay ball at rest, and
the two balls stick together and remain stationary. What is the decrease in kinetic energy of the
0.35 kg ball? a. | 1.6
J | c. | 3.1
J | b. | 4.8
J | d. | 6.4
J | | | | |
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16.
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An infant
throws 5 g of applesauce at a velocity of 0.2 m/s. All of the applesauce collides with a nearby wall
and sticks. What is the decrease in kinetic energy of the applesauce? a. | 2 ´ 10–4
J | c. | 1 ´ 10–3
J | b. | 0.5 ´ 10–4
J | d. | 1 ´ 10–4
J | | | | |
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17.
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Which of the
following best describes the momenta of two bodies after a two-body collision if the kinetic energy
of the system is conserved? a. | must be less | c. | might also be conserved | b. | must also be
conserved | d. | is doubled in
value | | | | |
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18.
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A clay ball
with a mass of 0.35 kg strikes another 0.35 kg clay ball at rest, and the two balls stick together.
The final velocity of the balls is 2.1 m/s north. What was the first ball’s initial
velocity? a. | 4.2 m/s to the
north | c. | 2.1 m/s to the
north | b. | 2.1 m/s to the south | d. | 4.2 m/s to the south | | | | |
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19.
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A 2 kg mass
moving to the right makes an elastic head-on collision with a 4 kg mass moving to the left at 4 m/s.
The 2 kg mass reverses direction after the collision and moves at 3 m/s. The 4 kg mass moves to the
left at 1 m/s. What was the initial velocity of the 4 kg mass? a. | 3 m/s to the
right | c. | 4 m/s to the
left | b. | 1 m/s to the
left | d. | 4 m/s to the
right | | | | |
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20.
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A 15 g
marble moves to the right at 3.5 m/s and makes an elastic head-on collision with a 22 g marble. The
final velocity of the 15 g marble is 5.4 m/s to the left, and the final velocity of the 22 g marble
is 2.0 m/s to the right. What is the initial velocity of the 22 g marble? a. | 5.3 m/s to the
left | c. | 4.0 m/s to the
left | b. | 5.3 m/s to the
right | d. | 4.0 m/s to the
right | | | | |
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