NOTE CARD STUDY QUESTIONS
1. What are some areas of physics?
a. Mechanics
b. Thermodynamics
c. Vibrations & phenomena
d. Optics
e. Electromagnetism,
f. Relativity,
g. Quantum mechanics
2. What is the scientific method and does it ever end?
a. Process used to study a guess
b.No
3. What role do diagrams and models play?
a. You can relate conditions
b. Visualization of data
c. Recreate or predict in order to form a hypothesis
4. How does an object reach a given speed?
a. Covers a greater distance than first timing
b. It accelerates
5. What do graphs of acceleration look like?
a. Can be straight or curved
b. Straight with slope has constant acceleration
c. Straight with no slope has no acceleration
6. What equations do you use to solve for distance?
a. D = r/t
b. X = ½ (Vi + Vf) t
7. How do you know if you’re moving?
a. Choose a frame of reference (something inanimate)
b. Choose a reference point
c. Compare it to yourself
8. What is the equation of velocity?
a. V= Dx / D t
9. What graphs can be used to measure velocity?
a. Position vs. time graphs
10. How does constant acceleration affect a falling object?
a. Velocity at top equals zero
b. Vi = Vf
c. Path is symmetrical, time up = time down
11. Use equations to solve problems
a. Y = Vi t + ½ g t2
b. X = Vi t + ½ a t2
c. Vf 2 = Vi 2 + 2 a d
d. Y = ½ g t2
12. How do objects act in free fall?
a. All objects always have the same downward acceleration
b. Time up equals time down
c. Initial velocity equals final velocity
d. Path is symmetrical
13. List some examples of projectile motion
a. Basketball
b. Football
c. Baseball
14. Label the parabolic path based on horizontal and vertical components
a. Y = Vi t + ½ g t2
b. Vf = Vi + g t
c. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2 g y
d. Vx = x / t
15. How do you apply kinematics to vectors?
a. Solve vector
b. Get answer
c. Plug answer into equation
d. Ex. Y = Vi t + ½ g t2
16. How can one object have 2 velocities?
a. From different points of reference
b. Different frame of references
c. Ex. Moving train … people inside and people outside
17. What are a scalar and a vector?
a. A scalar is a physical quantity with magnitude but no direction
b.A vector is a physical quantity with both magnitude and direction
18. What is the graphical addition of vectors?
a. Get a scale
b.Draw vectors using scale
c. Use protractor to determine direction
d.Measure resultants, magnitude, & direction
19. How do you multiply and divide vectors?
a. Ex. Twice as fast
b. Ex. ½ as fast
20. What type of coordinate system is the best?
a. Types vary with each situation
21. How can you solve for the resultant and its angle?
a. Use Pythagorean theorem to get resultant
b. Use tangent to get the angle
22. What components do all vectors have?
a. Vertical
b. Horizontal
1.X & Y
23. How do you add vectors?
a. Resolve each vector into components
b. Add each component to get net components
c. Draw resulting triangle
d. Use Pythagorean theorem to solve for R & use inverse tan to solve for angle (opp/ adj or y/x)
24. What is a force and how does it affect motion?
a. Push or a pull exerted on some object
b. Accelerate (speed up, slow down, change direction)
25. How are contact and field forces different? List some examples
a. Contact forces require contact between objects
1.Push
2.Pull
b. Field forces do not require contact
1. Gravity
2. Electromagnetivity
3. Friction
26. What is a free body diagram?
a. Helps analyze the situation
b. Isolate an object and the forces acting on it
27. How does net force affect motion?
a. Sum of all forces
b. If net force < > 0, then we know that there is some acceleration
28. How do you calculate the net external force?
a. Sum of all forces acting on object
b. Add components
c. Find resultant using Pythagorean theorem
29. What is equilibrium?
a. When motion is constant
b. When sum of ALL forces equals zero
30. Calculate acceleration of an object with a net force
a. Force = mass x acceleration
31. Which forces pair together?
a. Action forces pair with reaction forces
32. Why do action forces not produce a system of equilibrium?
a. Equal and opposite forces do not necessarily act on the same object
b. There should be a net force
33. How are mass and weight different?
a. Mass is amount of matter
b. Weight is force due to gravity and magnitude
34. What is a normal force?
a. Force perpendicular to surface
b. Reaction force due to gravity
c. Mass x gravity x cos q (based on force normal)
35. How is air a factor in friction?
a. Air has kinetic motion
b. Air is constantly moving
36. How do you calculate m and what is it?
a. is some number that stands for the contact force between two objects
b. Ff = m Fn (coefficient of friction
Chapter 5
37. What is work?
a. When a is force parallel to the distance moved.
b. Work = Force x Distance
38. How do you calculate net work?
a. Wnet = Fnet x d x cos θ
39. What is energy?
a. The ability to cause change
b. Kinetic
c. Potential
40. State the Kinetic Energy Theorem.
a.
Wnet = ½ m Vf 2 – ½ m Vi2
b. Change in Kinetic energy is equal to work
c. ∆W = ∆KE
41. How is potential energy different from kinetic energy?
a. Kinetic energy is associated with an object in motion
b. Potential energy is stored energy
c. Only under defined situation, would kinetic energy be zero
d. Always has potential energy
42. List 2 types of potential energy and state how to change each.
a. Elastic
i. Stretch a spring
ii. Increase or decrease distance
iii. Change material
b. Gravitational
i. Change height
ii. Change mass
43. What is the Conservation of Mechanical Energy (ME)?
a. ME = KE + S PE
b. ½ m Vi2 + m g hi = ½ m Vf2 + m g hf
44. When is Mechanical Energy not conserved, and why?
a. When friction is present
i.Energy is lost to heat energy
ii.Energy is lost to sound energy
45. How do you calculate power?
a. Power = Work / Time
b. Power = Force x Speed
46. Define Power
a. The rate at which work is done
47. Define momentum.
a. Vector quantity dependent on an objects mass and velocity
48. How do you change momentum?
a. Add or subtract mass
b. Apply a force to change velocity
49. What is the Impulse-Momentum Theory?
a. The longer you apply a force, the greater the change in momentum
50. How does the automotive industry make use of the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?
a. Air bags
i. Allows a force to change over a longer period of time
ii. Changing the momentum of the person as the bag deflates
51. State the Law of Conservation of Momentum
a. Momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects.
52. When is momentum conserved?
a. When all forces are accounted for
b. In the absence of friction
53. How do degrees relate to radians?
a. R (deg) = D S / q (rad)
54. How do you calculate angular displacement?
a. Dq describes how far an object has rotated
b. q= s / r
55. How do you relate kinematic equations to rotational motion?
a. Make substitutions using
i. x = q
ii. V = w
iii. a = a
56. What is tangential speed and how does it differ from angular speed?
a. Instantaneous linear speed
b. Tangential speed changes
c. Angular speed never changes
57. What is centripetal acceleration?
a. A measurement in change of direction
58. How would you use a circle (spiral) to determine w and Vt?
a. Increase in velocity means increase in acceleration
b. Vt is dependent upon w r
c. Measure its radius
d. Calculate # of turns x 2p / time
59. What is total acceleration and how is it calculated?
a. The sum of change in centripetal acceleration and tangential acceleration (speed)
b. Calculate by using Pythagorean Theorem
60. If centripetal acceleration is toward the center, why do objects move outward?
a. According to Newton’s 1st law, the object tries to travel in a straight line.
b. Centripetal force is applied and changes the direction of the traveling object.
c. If the centripetal force is applied at a constant rate, the object will travel in a circular path.
d. If the centripetal force is not applied at a constant rate, the object will travel in another shape. (Ex. spiral)
61. What is the Universal Law of Gravity?
a. There is a force between any 2 objects
b. Which is dependent on the object’s mass and distance
62. What is the Inverse square law?
a. Force decreases with the square of distance
b. Force is directly proportional to the distance squared
c. F = 1 / d2
63. How does temperature relate to motion of particles?
a. The internal Kinetic energy or (the speed) of the particles determines the temperature.
b. Measured in Kelvin scale.
64. How is energy transferred through an object?
a. As heat
b. Faster objects collide slowing them down and speeding others up.
65. What is specific heat capacity and is it the same for every substance?
a. Specific heat is the amounts of heat needed to raise 1 Kilogram of a substance 1 degree celcius.
b. Depends on the substance
c. Cp= Q/mDT specific heat = heat energy (J) / (mass X change in temperature)
Chapter 12
66. What is simple harmonic motion?
a. Motion that is repeated
67. How are acceleration, velocity, and force affected by vibration?
a. At equilibrium, position is at velocity’s maximum
b. Acceleration is 0
c. Force is 0
d. At greatest displacement, acceleration is at a maximum
e. Force is also at a maximum
68. State Hooke’s Law
a. The force is proportional to displacement
69. What is amplitude?
a. The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
b. Pendulum measuring the angle
70. How are period and frequency related?
a. Both measure time
b. They are reciprocals of one another
c. F = 1/T
71. What is a facault pendulum?
a. a pendulum that could be set up over the earth
b. creates lines of longitude
72. What is the medium?
a. the stuff that waves travel through
73. What are 2 types of waves and how do they affect the medium?
a. transverse - perpendicular to wavelength
b. longitudinal- parallel to wavelength
74. How are wave speed, wavelength, and frequency related?
a. wave speed = frequency x wavelength
b. increase in frequency means decrease in wavelength
c. the medium controls wave speed
75. What does a wave carry and what is it related to?
a. carries energy
b. energy is related to amplitude
76. What does superposition principle mean?
a. when energy is conserved between 2 waves
77. How are constructive and destructive waves different?
a. they produce different amplitudes
b. constructive - greater amplitude
c. destructive - lesser amplitude
78. How does a wave invert and what does it mean?
a. a wave going from a less dense medium to a more dense medium is "flipped" over the y-axis and is sent back
79. What are nodes and antinodes?
a. points produced on a standing wave
b. nodes- where waves cancel
c. antinodes - where wave has largest amplitude
Chapter 13
80. How are sound waves produced?
a. by vibration of particles
81. How are frequency and pitch related?
a. directly related
i.higher frequency = higher pitch
b. use pitch to calculate frequency
82. What is the Doppler effect?
a. apparent frequency shift is result of relative motion between source of sound waves and observer
83. What makes sound travel faster?
a. change median- make median more dense
b. change the temperature
84. How loud is a sound?
a. loudness is relative
i. based on intensity
ii. measured in w / m2
iii. or is measured in decibels - what we perceive
85. What is resonance?
a. vibration at a natural frequency
a. Electromagnetic waves don’t require a medium
b. Mechanical waved do require a medium
87. How is brightness affected by distance?
a. The brightness dims as the distance is squared
b. Inverse square law
i. Brightness = 1 / d2
88. What is diffusion of light?
a. Scattering light
89. What is the law of Reflection?
a. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
90. How do you describe images?
a. Images are either
i. Real – can be projected
ii. Virtual- have a perceived depth
91. What are two types of lenses and mirrors and what do each do to light rays?
a. Concave-
i. Mirror-
1. outside the focal point the mirror produces an inverted real image
2. at focal point- no image a blur
3. inside focal point- magnified virtual image.
ii. Lense- produces an virtual image that is smaller
b. Convex
i. Mirror- light rays diverge upon reflection and produce a smaller virtual image.
ii. Lense-
1. outside focal point-real, inverted, and smaller image
2. at focal point- real, inverted, image of same size
3. at focal point- no image
4. inside focal point- a magnified virtual image that is right side up.
92. What are two types of current?
a. AC- alternating current
b. DC- Direct Current
93. How do you calculate resistance, current, and potential difference?
a. Using Ohm’s Law
94. What is ohm’ Law?
a. Resistance( ohms) = voltage/ current (amperes)
95. How does the type of circuit affect resistance?
a. Series circuits – add the resistance
b. Parallel circuits – resistance stays the same for a resistor.