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   Chemistry and its branches

1. Chemistry- The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
2. Organic chemistry- carbon
3. Physical Chemistry- properties and changes
4. Analytical chemistry- identification of the compound
5. Biochemistry- processes in living things
6. Theoretical chemistry- use of math and computers

1. Basic research- answers the questions HOW? and WHY?
2. Applied research- To solve a Problem
3. Technological development-the production and use of a product.

Objectives

• Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties.
• Classify changes of matter as physical or chemical
• Explain the gas, liquid and solid states in terms of particles.
• Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

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   Mass and Matter

1. Mass- is the measure of the amount of matter
2. Matter- is any thing that has mass and takes up space.

1. Basic Building Blocks of Matter

1. ATOM- the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

1. a Cell is made up of organalles
2. organalles are made up of macromolecules
3. macromolecules are made up of molecules
4. molecules are made up of atoms

1. Element- is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
2. Compound- is a substance that is made fron the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

1. Properties and changes in Matter

1. Extensive properties- depends on the amount of matter that is present.
2. Intensive properties –ex. Melting pt, density
3. Physical property- characteristic that is observed or measured without changing the substance.

1. Physical change-a change that does not change the substance.
2. Change of state-

1. Solid- definite volume and definite shape
2. Liquid- definite volume and no shape
3. Gas –no definite volume or shape
4. Plasma- high temperature state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons.

1. Chemical Property-the ability to undergo changes that transform the substance.

1. Chemical reaction

1. reactants- the substances that react.
2. Products- the substances that are formed.

1. Law of conservation of Energy- energy is neither created nor destroyed.

1. Classification of matter

1. Mixtures- a blend of two or more kinds of matter each retains its own properties.

1. Homogeneous- uniform in composition
2. Heterogeneous- not uniform in composition.
3. Homogeneous mixtures are called SOLUTIONS.

1. Pure substances- has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways.

1. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties.
2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition
3. Substances are either elements or compounds.

1. ELEMENTS

Objectives

• Use periodic table to name elements
• Use a periodic table to write symbols of elements
• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table
• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

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   Introduction to the periodic table

1. Created by Dmitri Mendeleev
2. Contains two major parts

1. groups or families- vertical columns
2. Periods- horizontal rows.

1. The first letter is capitalized
2. Names come from Latin and German names.

1. Types of elements

1. Metals
2. Representative Metal
3. Nonmetals
4. Metalloids
5. Noble Gases