|
|
|
Click here to go back to main page
Contents & Abstracts of Dec, 2005 (Volume 1, Issue 2) Review Articles
Research Articles
Short Communications
General Articles
_________________________**************************************************************__________________________ ABSTRACTS _________________________**************************************************************__________________________
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 1-25 Anti-Cancer Activity of Cow Urine: Current Status and Future Directions
K. Dhama, R.S. Chauhan and Lokesh Singhal Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (U.P.)- 243 122, INDIA E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Cow urine has a unique place in Ayurveda and has been described in �Sushrita Samhita� and �Ashtanga Sangraha� to be the most effective substance/secretion of animal origin with innumerable therapeutic values. It has been recognized as water of life or �Amrita� (beverages of immotality), the nector of the God. In India, drinking of cow urine has been practiced for thousands of years. It is an important ingredient of panchgavya, a term used to describe five major substances (urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung), obtained from cow. All the five products possess medicinal properties, and are used singly or in combination with some other herbs against many diseases, even those not curable by allopathic treatments. This kind of alternative treatment, termed as �panchgavya therapy� or �cowpathy�, has been reported to be beneficial even for dreaded diseases like cancer, AIDS and diabetes. Practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine from India routinely use cow urine as a remedy and the medicines made from it are used to cure several diseases. Improvements have been shown or reported with those suffering from flu, allergies, colds, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial/viral infections, tuberculosis, chicken pox, hepatitis, leucorrhoea, leprosy, ulcer, heart disease, asthma, skin infections, aging, chemical intoxication etc. Cow urine can kill the number of drug resistant bacteria and viruses. Recently the cow urine has been granted U.S. Patents (No. 6896907 and 6,410,059) for its medicinal properties, particularly for its use along with antibiotics for the control of bacterial infection and fight against cancers. Through extensive research studies a cow urine distillate fraction, popularly known as �ark�, has been identified as a bioenhancer of the activities of commonly used antibiotics, anti-fungal and anti-cancer drugs. Thus it can promote and augment the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy and reduce the dose and duration of treatment. These milestone achievements highlight the beneficial role of cow urine in treating bacterial infections and cancers and that cow urine enhances the efficacy and potency of therapeutic drugs. During the past few years cow urine therapy has provided promising and authentic results for the treatment of cancer, a deadly malady which is being faced by the mankind and the incidences of which are ever increasing in the current scenario of changed lifestyle and food habbits along with exposure to predisposing factors of carcinogens such as tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol intake, environmental pollutants, occupational health hazards etc. Anti-cancer potential of cow urine therapy has been reflected by several case reports, success stories and practical feed back of patients for the treatment of cancer. Cow urine enhances the immunocompetence and improves general health of an individual; prevent the free radicals formation and act as anti-aging factor; reduces apoptosis in lymphocytes and helps them to survive; and efficiently repairs the damaged DNA, thus is effective for the cancer therapy. Experimentally it has been proved that among all sorts of urines, the urine of the Indian cows is most effective. Seeing the potential use of indigenous cow urine in several ailments including even the cancer, the use of Gomutra (cow urine) of indigenous breeds of cattle should be promoted extensively. However, scientific validation of cow urine therapy is required for its worldwide acceptance and popularity. This review highlights the anti-cancer activity of cow urine and the strategies for promoting its vital medicinal potential and prospectives for the benefit of mankind with the view that cow urine therapy needs immediate attention, promotion, and wide popularity and proper support of the scientists, researchers and clinicians to strengthen this alternate low cost therapy having no side effects, as generally observed with chemotherapy and radiation therapy being followed for curing cancers, and thus inspire confidence in the public about its good virtues. Key words: Cow urine, cancer, tumor, cowpathy, panchgavya, treatment.
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 26-29 COW URINE AND IMMUNOMODULATION: AN UPDATE ON COWPATHY
RK BANGA, LK SINGHAL, RS CHAUHAN Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP) India E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Indigenous cattle or zebu cattle is considered as sacred in Indian literature because its products like urine, dung, milk, curd and butter has many wonderful medicinal properties. Among these products cow urine has recently caught the attention of the researchers and a lot of work is going on its medicinal properties. Cow urine is found to have bioenhancing properties, i.e. it adds to the effect of antibiotics when used in combination. It is can be used as an alternative to the antibiotics in feed additives. Cow urine has antioxidant properties; it can prevent the damage to DNA caused by the environmental stress. It has been found to be a very good immunoenhancer. And interestingly these properties have been found only in the urine of indigenous cow not in the urine of other species like buffalo, goat or not even in cross bred cows. This review will provide an update on the various researches conducted in different institutes on the immunoenhancing properties cow urine. Keywords: Cowpathy, cow urine, zebu cattle, immunoenhancement, antioxidant.
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 30-32 EFFECT OF LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENT ON THE VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SORGHUM FODDER IN CROSSBRED HEIFERS
MESFIN DEJENE, ASHOK KUMAR, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR, PRASOON CHAND SAXENA AND NIDHI GARG G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Sixteen crossbred (Sahiwal x Jersay) heifers of about the same age and body weight were randomly divided in to 4 groups of 4 each to study the effect of level of concentrate supplementation (CS: 0, 0.75, 1.5 & 2.0kg/d/animal), in addition to ad libitum access to green sorghum fodder (GSF) variety Rio, at two stages of growth on the voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) of GSF. Results revealed that whole ration DMI (kg/100kgBW) was significantly improved with of 0.75kg/d. Beyond this level, there was in-significant change on DMI of the whole ration. The increased concentrate level of CS led to a significant (P<0.01) decrease DMI of GSF. As the concentrate level went from 0 to 2.0kg, voluntary DMI of fodder decreased from 2.68 to 1.92kg/100kgBW. Substitution rates (SR) of sorghum by concentrate was increased with increasing level of concentrate in the ration and it was higher in stage-II (0.4132) than stage-I (0.2473). The cutting stage also significantly (P<0.01) affected fodder DMI. Keywords: Sorghum fodder, concentrate supplementation, Intake, crossbred heifers, Substitution rates.
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 33-42 EXOGENOUS ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION AND LACTATION PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS
SG VAHORA, RS GUPTA, PR PANDYA, DC PATEL, GR PATEL AND MB PANDE Anand Agricultural University, Anand � 388 110, Gujarat, India E-Mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The effect of supplementing exogenous enzymes as a biotechnological tool on lactational performance of 18 Jersey and crossbred (J x K) lactating cows was evaluated in terms of body weight changes, milk production, milk composition, feed efficiency and economics of milk production. The cows were assigned at random in three groups (6 in each) following completely randomized design after 33 - 45 days of parturition and attaining the peak production. First group (T1) was fed concentrate mixture without enzyme (control). In second group (T2) control concentrate mixture with enzyme-A and the cows under third group (T3) were fed control concentrate mixture with enzyme-B. The respective enzymes were added at the time of preparation of concentrate mixture in dry powder form. The average daily milk production of cows under T1, T2 and T3 was 7.79,10.01 and 8.28 kg. Cows fed enzyme A (T2) produced significantly higher amount of milk than the cows fed either control (T1) or T3 diet (P<0.05). Similarly, the average daily FCM production under T2 was significantly higher than the T1 and T3 (P<0.01). Milk fat and milk total solids percentage were also higher (P<0.01) for cows fed enzyme treated diets (T2 & T3). At the same time, no differences were observed in percentage of other milk components and body weight changes for the whole experimental period. Efficiency of feed utilization was higher (P<0.05) for cows fed T2 diet than that of the cows fed either control (T1) or T3 diet. The cost of feed per kg milk and FCM produced was Rs. 4.98 (T1), 4.62 (T2) and 5.20 (T3) & Rs. 5.11 (T1), 4.14 (T2) and 4.84 (T3), respectively during the experimental period of 24 weeks. Cows under T2 were economically more efficient by 7.23 and 11.15 per cent to produce milk & 18.98 and 14.46 percent to produce 4% FCM in comparison to cows fed T1 or T3 diet. Supplementation of enzyme-A in concentrate mixture of dairy cows after attaining peak improved their lactational performance during entire experimental period. KEYWORDS: Dairy Cows, Exogenous Enzyme, Lactation Performance
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 43-46 ANTITOXIC AND BIOENHANCING ROLE OF KAMDHENU ARK (COW URINE DISTILLATE) ON FERTILITTY RATE OF MALE MICE (Mus musculus) AFFECTED BY CADMIUM CHLORIDE TOXICITY
ASMA KHAN AND VINOY K SRIVASTAVA Endocrinology Unit Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 024, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The study illustrates the antitoxic and bioenhancing role of Kamdhenu Ark (cow�s urine distillate) in fertility rate of male mice affected by cadmium chloride toxicity. Twenty-five sexually mature male mice Mus musculus weighing about 35�5 gm were divided into five groups of five each. Group I, served as control received balanced diet and tap water, while animals of other groups II, III, IV and V received i.p. a single dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 0.005 mg/ 0.01ml / 35�5 gms b.wt.). Besides this, group III, IV and V received ZnSO4 (100 ppm), Kamdhenu ark (100 ppm) and Kamdhenu Ark+ZnSO4 respectively for 60 days through drinking water. After ten days of the above treatment the male mice were allowed to mate with normal females and the fertility indices were observed. The control animal exhibited 100% fertility rate and delivered their litters after 30�3 days, with 100% viability and lactation indices. While, animals exposed with CdCl2 only showed 0% fertility rate. However, the animals exposed with CdCl2+Kamdhenu Ark+ZnSO4 showed 90% fertility rate with 100% viability and lactation indices. Besides this, the fertility index was also found to be 88% in group treated with CdCl2+Kamdhenu Ark. Thus, these results indicate that Kamdhenu Ark work as an antitoxic against the cadmium chloride toxicity and it can be used as a bioenhancer of Zn. KEYWORDS: Cow urine (Kamdhenu Ark), fertility rate, cadmium chloride, Mus musculus
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 47-52 MODULATION OF CONCEPTION RATE AND PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN REPEAT BREEDING HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS BY HORMONAL THERAPY
JA PATEL, AJ DHAMI, FS KAVANI AND RG JANI Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics;
ABSTRACT Twenty four repeat breeding HF cows were divided at random in 4 groups each of 6 animals to study the relative efficacies of different hormonal therapies over control at breeding (GnRH 0.02 mg; LH/hCG 1500 IU; Progesterone 500 mg; all i/m) to improving their reproductive efficiency together with the weekly profile of plasma total protein, total cholesterol and triglycerides for 7 weeks post-treatment. The conception rates obtained following 3 treatments were 66.66, 83.33 and 50.00 %, respectively, against 33.33% (2/6) in control untreated cows (P < 0.01). The mean protein content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in LH treated group as compared to GnRH and progesterone treated groups (9.85�0.11 vs 9.56�0.09 &. 9.41�0.10 g/dl) and even in the control group (9.74�0.09 g/dl). The weekly mean plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides levels in GnRH, LH and progesterone treated as well as control groups of repeat breeding cows varied significantly (P< 0.05) in a narrow range with an overall means of 221.29�0.70 and 61.71�0.63 mg/dl, respectively. The cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in GnRH treated group as compared to LH and progesterone treated groups and even control group. The mean cholesterol level in conceived and non-conceived groups of repeat breeding cows was 218.34�1.15 and 223.79�0.77 mg/dl (P<0.01). The levels were higher throughout the 7 weeks period in non-conceived than the conceived group, but differed significantly (P<0.05) only on day 21, 28 and 35 post-insemination and in the pooled values. The triglycerides levels in conceived cows were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in non-conceived cows (63.19�0.70 vs 60.45�0.99 mg/dl). Better conception rate with relatively higher cholesterol profile in GnRH and LH treated cows could be associated with rise in plasma progesterone, which probably sustained pregnancy in repeat breeding bovines. Keywords: Biochemical profile, conception rate, Holstein Friesian cows, hormone therapy, repeat breeding
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 53-60 b-DEFENSINS: ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES CONTRIBUTE TO THE IMMUNE DEFENSE AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS
SUBODH GUPTA, DIVYA AND VIJAY PANDEY Division of Veterinary Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology -Jammu R. S. Pura, Jammu-181 102 (India) E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Bovine mastitis, caused by bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens and resulting in an elevated level of somatic cells in milk, is one of the most costly dairy-based disease worldwide. Phagocyte cells constitute a major part of the defense mechanism of the bovine mammary gland against mastitis. Defensins contribute to the innate immune response and are effective against a variety of microorganism. Expression of b-Defensins varies in the epithelial cell, with the highest level being in those tissue that are constantly exposed to, and colonized by microorganisms. The presence of b-Defensin genes were reported to be up-regulated in response to mastitis within the bovine mammary gland. Defensin proteins function in first-line host defense by antagonizing a wide range of microbes including bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses. The antibiotic activity is thought to be based on their cationic, amphiphathic nature, which enables the peptides to impair vital membrane functions. Molecular details for such activities have been elaborated with several models, however there is increasing evidence that these models may not reflect the complex processes involved in killing of microbes. The peptidal structure and the nucleotide sequence of several -defensin genes in human and animals have been well determined. Our goal is to enhance mastitis resistance of dairy animals by enabling the cell of the mammary gland to express and secrete more b-defensins, antimicrobial proteins. In contrast the immune system of transgenic animal will not consider the transgenic protein as being foreign. As the transgenic approach to insertion of new genetic material into agriculturally important animals is feasible but requires extensive prior evaluation of the trangene and trangene product in model system. KEYWORDS: Bovine mastitis, Beta defensins (b- defensins), antimicrobial peptide
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 61-64 PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SENARIO OF COWS MILK IN TERAI AND HILLY REGION OF UTTARANCHAL
HIMANSHU PANDEY, VIR SINGH, PRASOON CHAND SAXENA, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND PN ChatTerjee GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal) India, Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT India is the largest milk producing country in the world with the current production of nearly 88.7 million tonnes of milk annually (Kadirvel 2002). Six villages on the outskirts of the township block of Rudrapur in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Terai and another six villages in the Bhimtal block of the Nainital district in the Hills were selected purposely. In the selection process, it was ensured that these villages had dairy farms and the township was easily accessible to the dairy farms, a condition that would increase the chances of these dairy farms to be linked with the market It was also experienced that majority of the adult people consumed milk through tea. Considerably large quantities of milk to be used in tea (use of coffee in rural areas, unlike in the cities, is extremely rare) indicated the importance of this beverage in mountain and plain society. Key words: Desi cow, crossbred cow, milk production, consumption pattern
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 65-67 SEROPREVALENCE OF PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CATTLE
P SIVAKUMAR, NEM SINGH, BN TRIPATHI, PE PRAVEENA and D SARAVANAN Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122 Bareilly (UP) INDIA E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence in the selected groups of cattle population in India. Sera samples (n=300) collected from adult cattle were tested by absorbed-ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. An absorbed-ELISA procedure standardised in cattle sera identified 64 (21.3%) and AGID test identified 7 (2.5%) animals positive for paratuberculosis infection. KEYWORDS: Absorbed-ELISA, cattle, Johne�s disease, seroprevalence
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 68-69 THYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN RATHI CALVES
N KATARIA AND A K KATARIA Radioisotope Laboratory College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner � 334 001, (Rajasthan), INDIA E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT An investigation was carried out to determine thyroid hormone levels in Rathi calves of both the sexes. The animals were selected from farmers� stock of semi arid and arid tract. Serum hormone levels included thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin. The overall mean�SE values were6.12�1.01�g/dl, 130.11�13.01ng/dl and 116.32�9.2pg/ml, respectively. The mean values of thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased while of calcitonin increased significantly (P<0.05) with advancement of age. The effect of sex was significant (p>0.05) on serum hormone levels, values being higher in female animals. KEYWORDS: Calcitonin, calves, Rathi, thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine.
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 70-71 DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF KETOSIS IN RATHI COWS UNDER FIELD CONDITION
RK TANWAR, ANJU CHAHAR AND FAKHRUDEEN Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary and Animal Science Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Abstract Ketosis is a metabolic disease, which mostly affects high yielding dairy animals. It is caused by impaired glucose metabolism and excessive production of ketone bodies. The disease is characterized by sudden loss of milk production, low appetite for concentrate, hypoglycemia, ketonemia, ketonuria and low level of hepatic glycogen. Animals usually in the peak stage of lactation are highly susceptible to ketosis.
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 72-73 Cow urine has anti-Leishmania donovani effect in-vitro
Sarman Singh All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 INDIA email : [email protected]
Leishmaniasis or kala-azar a disease which is highly endemic in the Indian sub-continent is caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.1 To confirm the diagnosis of kala-azar the causative organism need to be cultured and maintained in in-vitro or in-vivo culture systems.2-4 Maintenance of this parasite in animals costs the lives of the laboratory animals and for in-vitro culture maintenance fetal calf serum (FCS) is used as growth supplement in these media.4 In last couple of years, a few alternatives of FCS have been reported as growth supplements. Recently we reported use of human urine an alternative to FCS.5 Urine not only prevents sacrificing of laboratory animals but being a waste product, it is also easy to obtain and handle. Recently, lot of emphasis has been given on the medicinal use of cow urine in India. The cow urine distillate has been patented as activity enhancer and availability facilitator for bioactive molecules including anti-infective and anti-cancer agents (US patent No 6,410,059/2002). Therefore, we were interested to know its potential as FCS replacement for culturing the Leishmania donovani promastigotes in medium 199 (M199).
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 74 EFFECT OF CALCIUM GEL (CALUP GEL) ON HYPOCALCAEMIC INDIGENOUS GIR COWS
RH PAREKH, RG JANI AND PR PATEL Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India E-mail: [email protected]
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 75-76 USE OF SODIUM ACID PHOSPHATE SALT (40.3 % W/V) IN HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC INDIGENOUS DAIRY GIR COWS OF PADDY CULTIVATED AREA OF KHEDA DISTRICT
RH PAREKH AND RG JANI Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand, Gujarat, India E-mail: [email protected]
Kheda district is well known for the Amul pattern and dairy pocket for white revolution since long. Paddy is a major crop and source of feed to the dairy animals. The retrospective study of the Amul reported that in some pockets of this district hypophosphatemia is a major disease directly related with production losses and unthriftiness in dairy Gir cows. The sub clinical stages of these diseases are difficult to diagnose because of non-specific clinical presentation. Viewing the above fact the present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of sodium Acid Phosphate salt 40.3 percent W/V in hypophosphataemic Indigenous dairy cows of Gir breed which were not supplemented with mineral mixture in feed. In present study, Sodium Acid Phosphate salt 40.3 % W/V (Urimin, Glaxo Smith Kline Ltd., Mumbai) was used as a therapeutic trial in 24 hypophosphaetaemic Gir cows. These cows were administered 10ml Urimin intramuscularly as a single dose. The blood samples were collected at 0-hour pre treatment. Subsequently these animals were again bled on 3rd and 5th day of post administration of Urimin and the phosphorous level was determined. The determination of plasma phosphorus was done by methods of Fiske and Subbarow (1925) spectrophotometric method using serum auto analyser (Secomem-France make).
International Journal of Cow Science, 1(2): 77-79 current trends IN DIAGNOSIS of mastitis in veterinary practice in india
CN GALDHAR, SM KUMTHEKAR, A SAMAD AND R PATIL Department of Veterinary Medicine Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-12, INDIA E-mail: [email protected]
Mastitis is an inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland characterized by physical, schemical, and usually bacteriological changes in milk and pathological changes in glandular tissue (Radostits et al., 1994). Mastitis occurs in all species but assumes major economic importance in dairy cattle and buffaloes due to its effect on quality and quantity of milk in high yielder. To avoid these economic losses due to mastitis, it is distinctly important to identify the disease in early stage. Unlike the clinical form, in subclinical form there is neither visual detection of abnormalities in milk nor in mammary gland. Therefore knowledge of routine diagnostic screening tests for early detection of mastitis is desirable to treat the condition and to avoid the subsequent economic losses (Galdhar and Roy, 2003). Present article describes current trends in diagnosis of mastitis with its appraisal diagnostic tests along with its advantages and limitations in veterinary practice.
Click here to go back to main page
|
Webmaster: Dr. Rajesh Banga