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NATURALEZA DE LA CAPACIDAD INSTALADA DEL SECTOR ELECTRICO EN BOLIVIA. |
Se tiene la fijación de que la electricidad en el país tiene predominantemente una naturaleza hidroeléctrica y siempre se asocia la electricidad con una hidroeléctrica.
Veamos que cosa nos dice un balance nacional de la capacidad instalada del sector eléctrico:
| GENERACIÓN | |||||||||
| CAPACIDAD INSTALADA POR TIPO DE GENERACIÓN 1992 -2000 | |||||||||
| MW | |||||||||
| CENTRAL | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
2000 |
| ACHACHICALA | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 |
| ZONGO | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 10,0 | 11,0 | 11,0 | 11,0 |
| BOTIJACA | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 |
| CUTICUHO | 8,0 | 8,0 | 8,0 | 8,0 | 8,0 | 8,0 | 21,0 | 21,0 | 21,0 |
| SANTA ROSA | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 13,0 | 13,0 | 13,0 | 13,0 |
| SAIÑANI | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 |
| CHURURAQUI | 25,0 | 25,0 | 25,0 | 25,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 |
| HARCA | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 | 27,0 |
| CAHUA | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 | 29,0 |
| TIQUIMANI | 9,0 | 9,0 | 9,0 | 9,0 | |||||
| MUGULLAS | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 |
| ANGOSTURA | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 |
| CHOQUETANGA | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 8,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 |
| HUAJI | 30,0 | 30,0 | |||||||
| CARABUCO | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 |
| CORANI | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 | 54,0 |
| SANTA ISABEL | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 | 72,0 |
| CHOJLLA | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||||||
| KANATA | 8,0 | 8,0 | |||||||
| RIO YURA | 11,0 | 11,0 | |||||||
| HIDROELECTRICA | 268,0 | 268,0 | 268,0 | 268,0 | 269,0 | 286,0 | 304,0 | 355,0 | 355,0 |
| KENKO | 30,0 | 30,0 | 30,0 | 30,0 | 30,0 | 30,0 | |||
| GUARACACHI EMPRESA | 186,0 | 186,0 | 186,0 | 186,0 | 198,0 | 198,0 | 199,0 | 363,0 | 336,0 |
| ARANJUEZ Y SUCRE | 22,0 | 22,0 | 46,0 | 46,0 | 46,0 | 46,0 | 49,0 | 49,0 | 42,0 |
| KARACHIPAMPA | 16,0 | 16,0 | 16,0 | 16,0 | 16,0 | 16,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 | 26,0 |
| VALLE HERMOSO | 87,0 | 87,0 | 87,0 | 87,0 | 107,0 | 107,0 | 104,0 | 104,0 | 104,0 |
| CARRASCO | 126,0 | 126,0 | 127,0 | 127,0 | 127,0 | ||||
| BULO BULO | 101,0 | ||||||||
| TERMOELECTRICA | 311,0 | 311,0 | 335,0 | 365,0 | 523,0 | 523,0 | 535,0 | 699,0 | 766,0 |
| TOTAL | 579,0 | 579,0 | 603,0 | 633,0 | 792,0 | 809,0 | 839,0 | 1.054,0 | 1.122,0 |
| % HIDROELECTRICA | 46,3% | 46,3% | 44,4% | 42,3% | 34,0% | 35,4% | 36,2% | 33,7% |
31,6% |
| % TERMOELEECTRICA | 53,7% | 53,7% | 55,6% | 57,7% | 66,0% | 64,6% | 63,8% | 66,3% |
68,3% |
CAPACIDAD INSTALADA DEL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO EN BOLIVIA Fuente: Viceministerio de Energía e Hidrocarburos
Nueva sorpresa no?; como puedes ver hace arto tiempo se ha superado la capacidad hidroeléctrica con la termoeléctrica, aunque es cierto que en términos de consumo esta supremacía se amortigua un poco la superioridad termoeléctrica a un 55%.
Pero no te aflijas en Oruro y La Paz, al estar aprovisionados por COBEE, cuya fuente predominante es la hidroeléctrica, tu percepción inicial no es tan errada.
Considero que el ejercicio de confrontar estos preconceptos permiten abrir mejores precisiones sobre la realidad energética del país y que definitivamente tienes que considerarlo como conocimiento técnico científico y no un mero detalle de un mejor informado.