EEEP 2/2005
C O N
T E N T S
Editor's comment
I. Simeonov 3
I. Human and Biosphere
Dynamics of lead and cadmium accumulation in soil near
highways
Zh. Bekyarova, St. Kamenova 4
Radon in enironment – risk and prevention
L. Kostov, L. Kostova, H. Protohristov 10
II. Microorganisms and Environment
Inducement and flexibility of the aryl-degradation
potential of interstitial bacteria in river habitats
I. Schneider, R. Belev, M. Slavova, Y. Todorova, Y.. Topalova 17
Isolation and partial characterization of antimicrobial
substance produced by antarctic streptomycete strain
N. Badzhinerov, V. Atanasov, P. Dorkov, P. Moncheva 24
III. Technologies for Depolution
Basic phenomena in bioprocess systems with fixed film on
inert solid supporting beads. Part II. New data about biofilm growth
and functioning
L. Nikolov, V. Mamatarkova, E. Petrova, S. Stoychev 33
V. Bioinformatics and Bioautomatics
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of biosensor
measurements systems
N. Stoyanov, A. Neykov 45
Laboratory experiments and mathematical modelling of
anaerobic organic wastes degradation in a cascade of bioreaktors
I. Simeonov 51
IV. Forest Biology and Forest Engineering
An ecological approach for transformation of austrian pine
(Pinus nigra arn.) Plantations on the south slopes of the middle Balkan
range
Tz. Zlatanov, G. Hinkov 58
Rarely distributed deciduous species in bulgaria from the
generà: Sorbus L. , Pyrus L., Malus mill. and Cerasus juss
G. Georgiev 62
V. New Books
A 100 year anniversary fighting erosion in Bulgaria
D. Zakov 65
Dynamics of lead and
cadmium accumulation in soil near
highways
Zh. Bekyarova, St. Kamenova 4
Abstract: Motor transport is one of the main ecological technogenetic
factors. Until now we haven’t seen data about the rate of accumulation
of heavy metals in the soil except the information about the increase
of lead contamination by 5 mg/kg in the upper soil layers in Devnya
lowlands for the period 1979- 1981 year. In this paper data from
experimental work is presented and analyzed regarding soil
contamination with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the regions of
Varna-Devnya and Varna –Bourgas highways. The dynamics of accumulation
of the above mentioned heavy metals in different soil depths and at
different distances from the highway is followed.
Radon in enironment –
risk and prevention
L. Kostov, L. Kostova, H. Protohristov 10
Abstract: The history of the discovery, the origin and properties of
the radioactive gas radon are presented. The biological impact on human
health and its prevention is described. Recent research on radon
concentration and exhalation, performed during the remediation of
terrain and soils affected by former uranium mining are briefly
presented.
Inducement and
flexibility of the aryl-degradation
potential of interstitial bacteria in river habitats
I. Schneider, R. Belev, M. Slavova, Y. Todorova, Y.. Topalova 17
Abstract: The adaptive mechanisms and enzyme parameters related to
phenol biodegradation have been studied by means of three autochthonic
bacterial cultures, isolated from sediments of three spatial control
points from catchment’s basin of Iskar River. The accumulation of
biomass, the total and the specific rates of biodegradation have been
studied regarding phenol concentration. In parallel the adaptive
response of the bacterial strains has been estimated by the activities
of C12DO, C23DO, P34DO, PHH, o-NPO and SDH. The obtained results show
that the highest phenol-degradation potential is possessed by the
strain I-2, isolated from the upper stream of Iskar River, that proves
the large flexibility of aryl- biodegradation potential in situ and in
lab conditions.
Isolation and partial
characterization of antimicrobial
substance produced by antarctic streptomycete strain
N. Badzhinerov, V. Atanasov, P. Dorkov, P. Moncheva 24
Àbstract. The antibiotic activity of the actinomycete strain
Streptomyces sp. 47, isolated from Antarctic soil of the Livingston
Island has been studied. The strain synthesizes an antibacterial
complex active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive phytopatogenic
bacteria of economic importance for Bulgaria and showed the highest
activity after cultivation in a fermentation medium of a relatively
simple composition. Chromatographic analysis of this complex showed
presence of six fractions with different activity. Their minimal
inhibitory concentration against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 has been
determined. On the basis of the spectrum analysis, the chemical
composition of the most active fraction has been distinguished.
Basic phenomena in
bioprocess systems with fixed film
on inert solid supporting beads. Part II. New data about biofilm growth
and functioning
L. Nikolov, V. Mamatarkova, E. Petrova, S. Stoychev 33
Abstract: The main features of biofilms formed on solid inert
supporting beads as the most important part of the industrial
bioprocess systems with fixed film were outlined on the basis of
literature data and author's experience. The role of most applicable
laboratory apparatuses and experimental methods in revealing the nature
of these systems was discussed in the first part of this study. Special
attention was paid to the laboratory biofilm reactor in connection with
their crucial importance for biofilm system research. In this second
part the most interesting experimental data recently obtained in
bioprocess system studies are described.. An attempt is made to
formulate the verbal model of biofilm growth in bioprocess system with
fixed film for ferrous ion oxidation by means of Acidithiobacillus
ferrooxidans.
Mathematical modeling
and computer simulation of
biosensor measurements systems
N. Stoyanov, A. Neykov 45
Abstract. Mathematical models of biosensor measurement systems are
developed. The models are based on diffusion equations containing
linear and non-linear ping-pong kinetics of the enzyme reactions.. The
models describe the biosensor response to three concentrations.
Computer simulations are carried out using the proposed models. The
influence of the tissue layer thickness, Tile's module, and oxygen
concentration on biosensor response has been investigated.
Laboratory experiments
and mathematical modelling of
anaerobic organic wastes degradation in a cascade of bioreaktors
I. Simeonov 51
Abstract. Anaerobic digestion processes have been investigated in a
cascade of two bioreactors, constructed and fulfilled at the Institute
of Microbiology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The first one is
a 2 L working volume bioreactor and the 2nd one – 12 L. A mixture of
activated sludge from the Municipal Waste Waters Treatment Plant and
milk whey has been digested in a continuous operation type, measuring
the biogas flow rates and COD of the effluents of each bioreactor. A
mathematical model has been developed on the basis of a mass balance of
the input – output flows for this cascade of two anaerobic bioreactors.
Simulation studies have been performed using Simulink of Matlab.
An ecological approach
for transformation of austrian
pine (Pinus nigra arn.) Plantations on the south slopes of the middle
Balkan range
Tz. Zlatanov, G. Hinkov 58
Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the natural
regeneration in Pinus nigra Arn. plantations built in deforested and
degradated oak habitats on the south slopes of the Middle Balkan range
and to suggest possible future management. A classification of the
plantations according to the habitats conditions and their regeneration
potential is suggested. Two classes are established and four
sub-classes. On the base of the developed classification,
differentiated silvicultural activities are suggested for sustainable
Pinus nigra plantations management in the region of the South Middle
Balkan range to aim the plantations transformation into sustainable
natural stands – coniferous, broadleaved and mixed.
Rarely distributed
deciduous species in bulgaria from
the generà: Sorbus L. , Pyrus L., Malus mill. and Cerasus juss
G. Georgiev 62
Abstract: According to the accepted criteria for location dimensions,
number and population density, the Rosaceae family representatives have
the largest number of rarely distributed forest tree species. The
attention is paid to the genera: Sorbus L., Pyrus L., Malus Mill.. and
Cerasus Juss., which representatives referred to the Noble Hardwoods
but now belong to the EUROGEN category Scattered Broadleaves. These are
tree species with solitary participation in Bulgarian forests’
composition, which are of significant importance to biodiversity and
valuable for forestry.