| HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND JAPAN Robert J. Ballon Issue 23 (Vol. 12, No. 1), June 2002, pp. 5-20 In its process of industrialization, Japan, notwithstanding essential inputs of Western origin, had to develop an original approach adapted to local conditions. Japanese enterprise develops, rather than manages its human resources, an approach that affects employment, firm size and manpower utilization. This is promoted by Japan�s industrial society where trade associations, industrial groupings, indirect financing, and customer service converge on the challenge not of doing business, but of staying in business. Overall, industrialization was and is as much social as economic. |