Tucker Muse

Period 2

November 24, 2003

 

Revolution and Nationalism SG

Chapter 19 and 23

 

Ch. 19

Suffrage- this is the right to vote, This was made available to all citezins due to the Radicals

sans-culottes- The working class of men and women. They pushed the revolutionary into a more radical action

abdicate – Abdicate is to step down from power. When enemies closed up france Napoleon was forced to do this.

deficit spending – when government spends more money then it has. Louis XIV left France in debt because he did this.

plebiscite – A ballot of voters who agree yes or no on issues. Napoleon did this each time he came to power

blockade – Shutting off ports. This kept supplies form going in and out of countries

bourgeoisie – The working middle class. Sat at top in the third estate

nationalism – A aggressive feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s nation. Often times nationalism will start wars when countries think one is better than the other.

emigre – Nobles, clergy, and others who left france. Told horror stories that would scare people.

Louis XVI – King who left france in deep debt. He tried to flee france but was caught and executed.

Clemens von Metternich – Prince of Austria. And  dominate figure of the congress as well.

Napoleon – Led France to become the superpower of its time. He did this by leading them to many victories.

Olympe de Gouges – A women that demanded equal rights. She wanted rights of women in the constitution.

Rosbespierre -  A lawyer and a politicaian. He was voted into the National assembly but he was executed in 1794.

Jacques Louis David –France artist who leaded toward a more classic type of art.

who denounced Fr. Rev? Why? – It was denounced by the rulers and nobles. Also increased border patrols to keep safe from the french plague.

Reign of Terror – 40,000 people died during this time. The guillotine is what most of the people felt the rath of.

Napoleon annexed who? – annexed means to add on. Napolean annexed France when they where a superpower.

Congress of Vienna – Had to restore stability in Europe. This was after 25 years of war.

 

Ch. 23

Alexander II – Was given the thrown in 1855 during the Crimean War. Issued a royal decree emancipating the slaves

Francis Joseph – Was 18 years old when he came to the throne. He defeated AStria during his rule.

Giuseppe Garibaldi -  He was part of the kingdom of two Sicilies, southern Italy.  He was a longtime nationalist and an ally of Mazzini.  He wanted to create an Italian republic
Otto von Bismarck – Otto became the new power in Europe, he applied the same ruthless method he used on the achieve unification as he did on the domestic front
William II – William became emperor in 1888, he was superiorly confident of his abilities.  He also believed in his divine right to rule
Camillo Cavour – He was a shrewd and ruthless politician He had supreme power of Sardinia and would stop at nothing until he got what he was after
anarchist – Socialists organized strikes while people who want to abolish all government turned to sabotage and violence.  By the 1800’s unrest increased as radicals on the left struggled against a conservative government
refugee – Ganges would beat and kill Jews and looted and burned their homes and stores.  The police didn’t stop the violence and many Jews escaped from Russia.  The Jews that fled were called refugees
pogrom – Official persecution encouraged violent mob attacks on Jews, known as pogroms.  Large numbers of Jews often faced prejudice when they went to the United State, but they didn’t care as long as they were safe from pogroms
Realpolitik – Bismarck was a master of realpolitik, or realistic politics based on a tough-minded evaluation of the needs of the state
zemstvo – Along with emancipation, Alexander set up a system of local government.  Elected assemblies were called zemstvo and they were responsible for matters such as road repair, school, and agriculture
economic development in Germany  - Germany’s economic prospects went up and down for several years, including WWI and then the Russians persecuting the Jews for their own reasons that really make no sense
Nationalism threatened? who? (which country the most) – The Hapsburgs threatened Nationalism.  Francis Joseph felt that it was time for a change in government in Austria and nationalism slowly crumbled
Revolution of1905 – In some cities workers took over local governments.  The clamor grew so great that Nicholas was forced to announce sweeping reforms.  He agreed to summon a Duma, or elected national legislature