Tucker Muse

Period 3

5/26/2004

 

Cold War Exam Ch. 32-33
STUDY GUIDE

CH. 32:
terrorism- The deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to get revenge. Terrorism was a big issue after World War II.

privatization- selling off state owned industries to private investors. Privatization had good long-term effects, but not good short-term effects.

nonaligned- not allied to either side in a war. Many nations were nonaligned, they supported neither the Americans nor the Soviets.

multinational corporation- enterprises with branches in many countries. Multinational corporations brought new technology to agriculture, transportation, and more.

liberation theology- a movement urging the Roman Catholic Church to take an active role in reducing poverty. Many religious groups tried to adapt a liberation theology.

interdependence- dependence on other countries for goods, resources and knowledge. Many successes and many problems have come of interdependence.

culture shock- a sense of overwhelming stress and isolation felt when people move from villages to the city. Culture shock was felt throughout cities because of urbanization.

acid rain- a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail. Acid rain destroys many crops and buildings.

effects of Cold War- the Cold War brought a lot of fear and distrust among the nations of the world. Many nations continued to be nonaligned with either superpower.

why did democracy fail in many new nations?- democracy failed in nations with a poor economy. Also th concept of democracy is hard for new nations to get started.

majority of world's wealth controlled by ?- A majority of the worlds wealth was controlled by either the united states or Russia. These were the two super powers at the time.

effect of urbanization in developing nations- Urbanization has caused many thing in developing nations. The building is helping them become more economically successful.

factories effect on environmental damage- The rich nations are responsible for most of the world’s pollution. Many of these nations have also tried to stop pollution.

factors contributing to political instability in African nations-  political instability occurs in Africa because most of it is third word nations. But more so it because of all the war its two hard to make it into a political state.

primary cause of global interdependence-  the primary cause was that there were two super powers controlling everything and sticking there nose into everything. Because of this global interdependence occurred.

global South- the global south is mostly poor and third world nations. Because of this most had to depend on other nations to have a economy.

modern technology- It has reshaped everything in every aspect. The computer is the biggest example of this in modern technology.

CH. 33

welfare state- the system in which a government keeps most features of a capitalist economy but takes greater responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people. Extending this was a major goal of the leftist parties.

Glasnost- openness. Gorbachev called for glasnost as part of his two-pronged effort at reform.

Dissident- people who spoke out against the government. Leonid Brezhnev took over the Soviet Union until he died and he rigorously suppressed dissidents.

Deficit- the gap between what a government spends and what it takes in through taxes and other sources. Government spending and tax cuts greatly increased the national deficit.

Détente- relaxation of tensions. By the 1970s, American and Soviet leaders promoted an era of detente.

Leonid Brezhnev- He took over the Soviet Union in 1964 and held power until his death in 1982. Critics faced arrest and imprisonment

Charles de Gaulle- set up the Fifth Republic. Its constitution gave him, as president, great power.

Martin Luther King Jr.- He organized boycotts and led peaceful marches throughout the 1960s to end segregation in the US. He was inspired by Gandhi's campaign of civil disobedience in India.

Joseph McCarthy- Senator who charged many Americans with harboring communist sympathies. The Senate condemned his reckless behavior, but not before his unjust charges had ruined the careers of thousands of Americans.

Margarent Thatcher- She led Conservatives to denounce the welfare state as costly and inefficient. During 11 years as Britain's prime minister, she worked to replace government social and economic programs with what she called an "enterprise culture" that promoted individual initiative.

Perestroika- urged by Gorbachev in his two-pronged effort at reform. It is the restructuring of government and the economy.

Service industry- one that provides a service rather than a product. Service industries include health care, finance, sales, education, and recreation

Mikhail Gorbachev- Gorbachev sought an end to costly Cold War tensions. He renounced the Brezhnev Doctrine, signed arms control treaties with the United States, and eventually pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan.

Helmut Kohl- He was the West German architect of unity. He assured both the Soviet and the West that a united Germany would pose no threat to peace.

Nikita Krushchev- in 1956 he shocked top Communist party members when he publicly denounced Stalin's abuse of power. He then pursued a policy of de-Stalinization.

Josip Tito - set up a communist government in Yugoslavia, but he pursued a path independent of Moscow. He refused to join the Warsaw Pact and claimed to be neutral in the Cold War.

 

Lech Walesa - Led Poles to organize an independent trade union called Solidarity. It soon claimed 10 million members, who pressed for political change.

Reunification of Germany- Germany was done with communism and had West Germany to give the some money to get back on their feet. The new leader condemned all communisms.

Goal of separatism in Quebec- Quebec wanted to separate because they did not want to pay the high taxes that France was putting on them. They revolted and separated.

Result of central economic planning in the Soviet Union- the central economic planning made many people jobless and poor. They had little to no food and had to struggle to survive as the economy fell.

Civil war in Yugoslavia- families were forced to leave homes after a brutal Serb attack. After Titos death and the fall of communism a wave of nationalism tore apart Yugoslavia.