Tucker Muse

Period 2

March 9, 2004

 

Chapter 29 outline

 

The Mexican Revolution

1.      By 1910 the dictator Porfirio Diaz had ruled Mexico for 35 years. He was reelected over and over again.

2.      Mexico had a growing economy at this time. Also they welcomed in foreigners

3.      Lastly, people began to rise against Diaz. These people imprisoned him.

 

Reforms

1.      They had a new constitution in 1917. It covered the issues of land, religion, and labor

2.      The constitution only gave suffrage to man. Suffrage is the right to vote.

3.      Women were rewarded with a little pay for doing the same job as a man. However they could not vote.

 

Rising tide of Nationalism

1.      Mexico tries to reclaim taken oil fields. They tried to end on economic dependence on the U.S.

2.      After WW1 trade fell off with Europe. And the great depression had struck the U.S.

3.      A tide of economic nationalism swept the Latin American countries. They were determined to develop there own economy.

 

The “Good Neighbor” policy

1.      After WWI the U.S. was playing the role of international police man. We still our today

2.      This policy withdrew all stationed troops out. Also allowed more Cuban independence

3.      This policy stood till 1945. Then the U.S. had to head back into Mexico

 

Movements for Change in Africa

1. During the 1900’s more and more Africans felt the impact of the colonial rule. White settlers forced Africans to give up there land.

2. People that kept there land could only grow food for themselves. Only Europeans could grow and sell crops

            3. Protests were common. However large scale white revolts were rare.

 

Growing self confidence

1.      During the 1920’s the African people began a movment known as the Pan- African.

2.      Thee goals of this group was to unite the Africans and people with African decent.

3.      Led by African American W.E.B. Dubose tried to forge a united front. It occurred in 1919 with the congress meating in Paris.

 

Modernization in Turkey and Iran

1. Led by the determined an energetic Mustafa Kemal Turkish nationlists overthrew the sultan defeated western occupation forces and declared turkey a republic
2. Like Peter the Great in Russia ataturk forces his people to wear western dress
3. Under Ataturk the government helped industry expand

Arab Nationalism and European Mandates
            1. Arab nationalism blossomed after World War I and gave rise to Pan Arabism
            2. Arabs felt betrayed by the west a feeling that has endured to this day
            3. During World War I the allies made two vague sets of promises

Moving Toward Independence
           1. The tragedy at Amritsar was lined to Indian frustrations after World War I
           2. To quite nationalist demands the British promised India greater self      government after the war
           3. Since 1885 the congress party had pressed for self-rule with in the British Empire.

 Mohandas Gandhi
            1. Mohandas Gandhi came from a middle class Hindu Family
            2. For 20 years Gandhi fought laws that discriminated against Indians in South Africa
            3. Gandhi also embraced western ideas of democracy and nationalism

The Salt March
            1. To mobilize mass support Gandhi offered a daring challenge to Britain in 1930
            2. To Gandhi the government salt monopoly was an evil burden on the poor and  symbol of British oppression
            3. Early in 1930 Gandhi wrote to the British viceroy in India explaining his motives and goals

Looking Ahead
           1. Sun Yixian father of the Chinese revolution painted grim picture of china after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty
           2. As the new Chinese republic took shape nationalists like sun Yixian set the goal of catching up and surpassing the powers east and west
           3. The goals would remain a distant dream as china suffered the turmoil of civil war and foreign invasion

The Chinese Republic
           1. In China as you recall the Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911
           2. In 1912 Sun Yixian stepped down as president in favor of a powerful general Yuan Shikai
           3. Then In 1919 at the Paris peace conference the victorious allies gave Japan control over German possessions in china

Leaders for A New China
           1. In 1921 Sun Yixian and his Guomindang or nationalist party established a government in South China
           2. After Suns Death in 1925 an energetic young army officer Jiang Jieshi took over the Guomindang
           3. In 1926 Jiang Jieshi began a march into northern chin crushing local warlords as he advanced and capturing Beijing.

Japanese Invasion
           1. While Jiang was pursuing the communists across China the country face another danger
           2. In 1937 the Japanese struck again
           3. From 1937 to 1945 the Guomindange the communists and the Japanese were locked in a three sided struggle

Liberal Changes of the 1920s
           1. Solemn ceremonies marked the start of Emperor Hirohitos reign
           2. The prime minister then made his own brief speech ending with a ringing cry
           3. In fact Hirohito reigned from 1926 to 1989 an astonishing 63 years

The Nationalist Reaction
           1. In 1929 the Great depression ripped across the Pacific striking Japan with devastating force
           2. Japanese nationalists were further outraged by racial policies in the United States Canada and Australia that shut out Japanese immigrants
           3. When the League of Nations condemned Japanese aggression Japan simply withdrew from the league

Militarists in Power
           1. By the early 1930s ultra nationalists were winning popular support for foreign conquests and a touch stand against the western powers
           2. To spread its nationalistic message the government focused on the schools
           3. By 1939 Japan had joined with two aggressive European powers Germany and Italy