Tucker Muse
Period 2
World History
Chapter 8 Outline
A land of great potential
a. The seas played a big role for food and transport.
b. Also they
c. Lots of natural recourses with plentiful trees and good soil.
Germanic Kingdoms
a. These people were made up of farmers and herders.
b. They lived in small communities with elected officials.
c. between 400 and 700 Germanic tribes made
Islam a new Mediterranean Power
a. After the Germanic peoples carved up
b. At the battle of
c. Muslims advanced no farther into
The age of Charlemagne
a. Grandson of Charles Martel built an empire reaching
across
b. Charlemagne marched south and crushed the rebellious Romans.
c. He tried to create a United Christian Europe
A revival of Learning
a. Charlemagne tried to revive Latin learning throughout his empire.
b. He set up a school of learning at Alcuin.
c. Alcuin hired scholars to copy ancient manuscripts.
Charlemagne’s legacy
a. Charlemagne’s empire fell apart after his death in 814.
b. Charlemagne’s son drew up the treaty of Verdum which split the empire up into three regions.
c. The Frankish ruler left a lasting legacy.
New Attacks
a. After defeat of
b. They conquered
c. The Frankish ruler left a lasting legacy.
A new system of rule
a. The Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars were too weak to maintain rule.
b. In response to basic need for protection, feudalism evolved.
c. Feudalism is a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their large land holdings among lesser lords
lords, vassals, and Knights
a. Everyone has a place in the Feudal Society.
b. The monarchs had more power than the lords
c. The lesser lords were below the lords, and above the knights.
The world of worriers
a. A knight is another word for a warrior on a horse.
b. At the age of seven, the boy was taken away to be trained to become a knight.
c. The average lord fortified his home with a castle to defend against atacks.
The manor
a. The manor is the heart of the medieval economy.
b. Most manor consisted of one or more villages and the surrounding lands.
c. Most peasants on a manor were the serfs.
Daily life
a. Life was harsh for many peasants.
b. The peasant family had it hard with eating black bread and peas rarly getting meat.
c. They made room for having celebrations
A spiritual and worldly empire
a. Pope lead the roman catholic church.
b. A powerful noble who violated church laws could face an interdict.
c. Common laws is the churches own body of laws.
The Church and daily life
a. For peasants, religion was linked to their everyday lives.
b. To support itself, the church required all Christians to pay a tax.
c. The church taught that men and women were equal before God.
Monks and Nuns
a. A monk named Benedict founded the monetary of Monte Cassino.
b. The monks gave alms, or charity, to the poor.
c. The monasteries preserved the writings of the ancient world.
Hildergard of Bingen: Adviser to Popes and Kings
a. In 1147, Hildegard founded a new covenant near Bingen.
b. She “raised” her voice in the middle ages.
c. She spoke her mind
Reform Movements
a. The success of the church brought problems.
b. in the 900s, Abbot Berno, set out to end abuses.
c. Some women responded to the call of reforms by creating groups that were independent of the regular church.
Jews in
a. Medieval
b. Mediterranean Jews were Saphardic Jews.
c. They faced anti-Semitism, or prejudice against the Jews.
An agricultural Revolution
a. By 1000, economic recovery was on its way.
b. In about 800, they were using new technology, like the iron plow that carved deeper into the earth.
c. Peasants adopted three field systems
Trade Revives
a. They found some new trade routes that were more efficient.
b. There was trade fairs that took place near navigable rivers.
c. These trade fair grounds slowly emerged into small towns.
A Commercial Revolution
a. The need for capitol spurred the growth of banking houses.
b. To meet the needs of the changing economy, they developed new ways of doing business.
c. The new ways of doing business were part of a cultural revolution.
Role of Guilds
a. Merchant guilds dominated life in medieval towns.
b. To become a guild member, you had to work hard as an aprentice first.
c. A woman engaged in the same craft as her husband or father.
City Life
a. Surrounded by high walls for protection.
b. The streets were narrow with high buildings
c. there was never a sewer system or a garbage protector
Looking Ahead
a. By 1300
b. High of middle ages brought contact with new civilizations
c. These civilizations helped with some of the technological advancements