Tucker Muse

Period 2

February 4, 2004

 

Chapter 27 outline

 

Pressure for Peace

1. Alfred Nobel had invented the creation of dynamite.

2. with his work he didn’t want to be remembers for creating such a deadly weapon so for people to remember him he created the Nobel Peace Prize.

3. Women struggled for suffrage (the write to vote) throughout Europe

 

Aggressive Nationalism

1.      Nationalism was very strong in both Germany and France.

2.      France was still angry and bitter over the events of the Franco-Prussian war.

3.      Germany was proud of there new military and industrial power also

 

Economic and Imperial Rivals

1.      Britain was feeling quite threatened by Germany rapid economic growth.

2.      Competition for land and colonies brought France and Germany to the Brink of war

3.      Britain had strong economic reasons to oppose Germany in conflict.

 

Militarism and the Arms Race

1.      it was the rise of militarism which is glorification in the military

2.      The rise of militarism made people grow out of social Darwinism

3.      International tension was growing as an arms race was upon them.

 

A tangle of Alliances

1. Germany allied themselves with Franco Prussia, and Italy

2. France was too weak to attack France without help.

3. Therefore France allied with Russia and was friends with Britain

 

A murder with millions of victims

1. Princip joined Unity or Death a terrorist group known as Black Hand

2. Princip killed Arch Duke Ferdinand

3. Once caught he was placed in prison where he eventually died of tuberculoses in 1918.

 

Peace Unravels

1.      Austria felt that the had to punish Siberia.

2.      Therefore they gave them an ultimatum

3.      Since Serbia didn’t 100% comply Austria declared war on them on July 28.

 

Whose Fualt?

1.      During the war each side kept blaming the other side for losing battles

2.      With all these great powers believing in something they each made there decisions.

3.      This made young men happy and they rushed to enlist on what would seem as an exciting adventure.

 

The Western front

1.      Germany was sweeping through Belgium and was now heading towards France.

2.      Trenches were being built everywhere from the Swiss Frontier to the English channel

3.      Also an underground network linked all the bunkers together for communication.

 

Other European Fonts.

1.      In August 1914 Russian Armies were being pushed into eastern Germany

2.      Then the Russians felt the worst defeat in the war at the Battle of Dannenberg

3.      Russia was poorly equipped with some units not even carrying guns.

 

The War beyond Europe

1.      Although WWI involved most of the world the Main Battle front was Europe.

2.      German U-boats were sinking allied ships all throughout the Atlantic

3.      European colonies were drawn into a struggle.

 

Effects of Stalemate

1.      Total war was a big factor in WWI. This allowed a countries whole effort to go into the war.

2.      Early in the war both sides were expected to have hundreds of Millions of soldiers

3.      Britain implemented the draft. This got them more soldiers to help with the war effort.

 

Women at War

1.      Women played a pretty large role in the War. They did this by taking over jobs to keep the economy running.

2.      Some women joined up with the armed forces. Often times they were nurses

3.      Even though they were nurses they still had the same dangers as the men

 

Collapsing Moral

1.      As of 1917 the morale was terribly low for Germany. Also Britain was almost out of money as well

2.      Germany was sending 15 year old kids to the front line

3.      After the three years of the war Russia was hit hard. The Russians were then forced to leave the war.

 

The US declares war

1.      The United States declares war on Germany after staying out of it for so long. T as well. This occurred after the Russian Revelation.

2.      One reason why the United States backed the Allies was because of cultural ties and they supported how they ran a democracy as well. However most Irish Americans did oppose this

3.      Probably the biggest reason on why the united States entered the war was because Germany was attacking U.S. merchant ships killing there citizens

 

Campaign to victory

1.      In 1918 in a final showdown the Germans put together a huge offence and attacked the allies pushing them back over 40 miles.

2.      This made the allies counter attack when this occurred the Germans were informed they could not win the war.

3.      Since the Germans couldn’t win the war armistice which ended the fighting on November 11, 1918

 

The Paris Peace Conference

1.      There were three big political figures at the time Woodrow Wilson, The British Prime Minister, and David Lloyd George

2.      Each one of these was surrounded by crowds of representatives that were offering suggestion after suggestion to each figure.

3.       Woodrow Wilson believed that peace could not of come without victory

 

The treaty of Versailles

1.      The Germans were ordered to sign a treaty that gave Versailles outside of Paris. The German delegate read the document with groaning horror.

2.      The Germans were also forced to pay reparations which coasted them 30 billion dollars.

3.      Lastly it made it so that Germany’s military could only get so big and therefore it was limited.

 

Other Settlements

1.      Three new republics rose where Russian, Austrian, and Central powers had once ruled.

2.      Italy was angry. Although they had made a deal with the allies apparently they didn’t get all the lands they were promised.

3.      Also Britain and France both took mandates German African and Ottoman lands.

 

Hopes for global peace

1.      People hoped that the League of Nations would be able to keep the peace between countries.

2.      Over 4 nations were in the league of nations

3.      Wilson’s dream was now a reality. Although the senate ratified the treaty and then the United States never joined the league.

 

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