Tucker Muse
Per. 2
Chapter 20
A. A Turning Point in History
1. In 1750, most people worked the land useing
simple tools
2. most people lived in simple cottages lit by
firelight and candles
3. The industrial revolution began and the rural life began to disappear
B. A New Agricultural Revolution
1. the Dutch lead the revolution.
2. In the 1600s, the Dutch built earthen walls known as dikes
3. The rich landowners pushed ahead with enclosure
C. The Population Explosion
1. The agricultural explosion contributed to a rapid growth of
population
2.
3. The population boom was also because of the declining death rates
D. An Energy Revolution
1. This was the third factor that helped the industrial revolution
2. People found new ways to use water as a source of energy
3. They also invented steam engines
II.
A. Why
1.
2. There were large numbers of workers needed to mine, build, and run the
factories
3.
B. The Age of Iron and Coal
1. There were many advances in the Industrial Revolution including iron and
coal
2. The Darby Family was the leaders in developing the iron industry
3. He produced better quality and cheaper iron
C. Revolutionary Changes in the Textile Industry
1. Cotton imported from
2. One of the major inventions was John Kay’s Flying shuttle
3. The new machines put the old ones out of business
D. Revolution in Transportation
1. They built turnpikes, which were privately built roads that charged a fee to
travelers who traveled on them
2. They invented the steam locomotive
3. Scottish builders made the first paddle wheel steamboats to bull barges
along canals
E. Looking Ahead
1. The Industrial Revolution triggered a chain reaction
2. Inventors developed machines that could produce large quantities of goods
more efficiently
3. The Industrial Revolution the peoples way of life
III. Hardships of Early Industrial Life
A. The New
1. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization
2.
3. A gulf divided urban population
B. The Factory System
1. The factory system differed greatly from farm work
2. Women made up much of the new industrial work force
3. Factories and mines hired many boys and girls
C. Patience Kershaw’s Life Underground
1. They would beat children if they didn’t work quickly
2. The kids enter the mines as small children
3.Some children died in the mines because of too much work
D. The Working Class
1. Farm families had ties to a community where they had lived for
generations
2. Skilled artisans resisted the new “labor saving” machines that were costing
them there jobs
3. Many working-class people found comfort in a new religion
E. The New Middle Class
1. Those who benifited most
from the industrial revolution were the entrepreneurs who set it in motion
2. Middle-class families lived in solid, well furnished homes
3. Middle-class women were encouraged to become “ladies”
F. Benefits and Problems
1. People debate whether the industrial revolution is a blessing or a curse
2. Some of the disadvantages are low pay, unemployment, and dismal living
conditions
3. The advantages are that it brought material benefits
IV. New Ways of
Thinking
A. Laissez-Faire Economics
1. The prophet of laissez-faire economics was Adam smith
2. Thomas Malthus’s writing on population shaped
economic thinking for generations
3. They said that the poor had too many children
B. The Unilitarians
1. It is the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest
happiness for the greatest number”
2. One man said that actions are right if they promote hapiness
and wrong if they promote pain
3. Most middle-class people rejected this idea
C. Emergence of Socialism
1. It was people as a whole
2. Early socialists tried to build self-sufficient communism
3. Owen became a successful mill owner
D. The “Scientific Socialism” of Karl Marx
1. Karl Marx was a German philosopher
2. Marx says that economics was the driving force in history
3. At first, The ideas of Marx would have little
impact, but later, they had a huge difference in the world
