Tucker Muse
Period 3
Chapter 14 outline
I. The Renaissance in
A. What Was the Renaissance?
1) It was a time of creativity and change
2) The Renaissance didnt completly break their medieval past
3) It produced new attitudes toward culture and learning
B. Italian Beginnings
1) The Renaissance began in Italy
2) It then spread to the rest of Europe
3) The Renaissance was marked by a reawakened interest in the culture of
ancient Rome
C. Humanism
1) An intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance
2) Humanists believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative
powers
3) Francesco Petrarch was an early Renaissance humanist
D. A Golden Age in the Arts
1) The Renaissance reached its most glorious expression in its paintings,
sculpture, and architecture
2) Renaissance artists studied ancient Greek and Roman works and revived many
classical forms
3) Leonardo was one of the greatest painters of all time
E. Writings for the New Age
1) Poets, artists, and scholars mingles with polititians at the courts of
Renaissance rulers
2) The most widely read book was The Book of the Courtuer
3) Miccoló Machiavelli wrote The Prince
II. The Renaissance Moves North
A. Artists of the Northern Renaissance
1) The northern Renaissance began in the 1400s
2) Jan and Hubert van Eyck stand out of the Flemish painters
3) Albrecht Durer employed methods of Italian masters in paintings, engravings,
and prints
B. Northern Humanists
1) Desiderius Erasmus is the great Dutch humanist
2) Northern European scholars stressed education and a revival of classical
learning
3) Sir Thomas More used his pen to press for social and economic reform
C. Literature of the Northern Renaissance
1) The French humanist Francois Rabelias had a varied career as a monk,
physician, Greek scholar, and author
2) The towering figure of Renaissance literature was the Englis poet and
playwrite William Shakespeare
3) The Renaissance in Spain produced many great works
D. The Printing Revolution
1) The Chinese had learned to make paper and had printed books centuries
earlier than Europe
2) The reason for all of the literature being printed was the development of
printing
3) The printing press revolution brought extreme changes in Europe
III. The Protestand Reformation
A. Abuses in the Church
1) During the Renaissance, popes maintained a lavish lifestyle
2) They began to sell indulgences, pardon for sins
3) Many Christians protested these indulgences
B. Luther’s Protest
1) Luther was the man who triggered the revolt
2) A German priest named Johann Tetzel set uo a puplit on the outskirts of
Wittenberg
3) Luther made 95 theses to go against the church
C. Spread of Lutheran Ideas
1) Luther’s ideas found a fertile field in nothern Germany and Scandanavia
2) In 1542, peasants revolted in Germany
3) The Peace of Augsburg allowed each prince to decide which religion, Catholic
of Luthren, would be followed in his lands
D. John Calvin
1) John Calvin was the next important reformer after Luther
2) Calvin believed that salvation was gained through faith alone
3) Protestants in the city-state of Geneva Switzerland asked Calvin to lead
their community
IV. Reformation Ideas Spread
A. Radical Reformers
1) As the Reformation continued, hundreds of new protestants sprung up
2) A number of groups rejected infant baptism
3) Most Anabaptists were peaceful men and women
B. The English Reformation
1) At first, Henery VIII was firm about the Protestant revolt, but later
crumbled
2) Because Charles V refused his request, Henery passed a series of laws
3) Between 1536 and 1540, Henery shut down all convents and monastaries in
England
C. Elizabeth I Restores Unity to England
1) In January 1554, there was a plot against her that was uncovered
2) Elizabeth was lodged in a gatehouse, a shabby building of four rooms
3) As queen, Elizabeth adopted a policy of religious compromise
D. The Catholic Reformation
1) The council of Trent was made to establish a direction that the reform
should take place
2) Pope Paul strengthened the Inquisition to deal with the Protestand threat
3) In 1540, the Pope recognized a new religious order, the Jesuits
E. Widespread Persecution
1) Because of the religious fever, it led to which hunts
2) The reformation brought hard times to European Jews
3) Jews were forced to live in ghettos
F. Looking Ahead
1) The uphevals of the Catholic and Protestant reformations sparked wars of
religion in Europe until the Mid-1600s
2) Issues of religion gave way to national issues
3) People of the mid-1600s made decisious based on political interests
V. The Scientific Revolution
A. Changing Views of the World
1) Nicholaus Copernicus proposed that the sun was the center of the universe
2) New scientists remade Ptolomy’s theories
3) Galileo Galilei made the first telescope
B. Newton Ties It All Together
1) Made three laws of gravity
2) His ideas were sparked because of the apple that fell from a tree
3) He discovered a force called gravity
C. More Scientific Advances
1) During the 1600s, chemistry freed itself from the magical notions of alchemy
2) In the 1500s and the 1600s, there was other changes other than astronomy
3) People invented a new more effective ointment for preventing infection
D. Bacon and Descartes
1) Two giants of the new scientific revolution were Francis Bacon and Rene Descarts
2) They both rejected Aristotle’s assumptions
3) Thinkers like these people helped bring the scientific method to pursuit of
all knowledge.
