1. Green House Technology/Short Course/CREATA-IPB August 25-27,1997/
Bogor University of Agri-
cultural University.
2. Thermodinamics/Intensive Short Course/Simon February,07-March 05/
Fraser University, Canada and Sam Ratulangi University 1994/Manado
Indonesia
3. Horticultural Technology as Supporting of Agro-business April 20,2004/ Manado
and Agro-Industry in Global Era/Texas A&M and Sam
Ratulangi University/International Seminar.
4. Physics Teaching/Intensive Training/Gajah Mada University October-December,1993
and CIDA-Canada Yogyakarta
5. Development of Floricultures in North Sulawesi April 29-2000,
Agricultural Faculty,
Sam Ratulangi University
6. Agribusiness Prospect in North Sulawesi Anticipating April 23, 2003
Global Area Market/National Seminar Sam Ratulangi University
7. Lecturing Teaching/Intensive Trainging March 7-16, 2003
8. Toefl Preparation/ELTC-Sam Ratulangi University October-November,2003
Sam Ratulangi University
9. Function of Higher Degree Education in Development of November, 29 2002
Food Industries in Global Market/Indonesia Food Scientists Org.Manado, North Sulawesi.