What is job satisfaction?

�Incompatibility between two or more attitudes

(2) attitudes =

�        I need to do well to pass course

�        I REALLY want to see this person tonight. 

�        One solution =

�        Change attitude about course, go out anyway, and reduce dissonance via attitude change�  �I can take course again next year!�

Factors that influence reactions to dissonance:

�        Importance of elements creating dissonance

�        Degree of influence one HAS over elements

�        Perceived rewards involved in dissonance

�        What would happen if...

�        If course performance in previous example meant a salary increase 

  (IMPORTANT OUTCOME, REWARD)?

�        If you thought you could NOT do well on exam no matter how hard you studied                  (LOW DEGREE OF INFLUENCE)?

�  Would either of above cause a different response to percieved dissonance?

Which comes first,
Attitudes or Behavior?

Which causes which?

Perception

A process

by which individuals

organize and interpret

their sensory impressions

in order to give meaning to their environment

Perceptions Matter Because...

�        The way that people perceive their work environment has a direct effect on where they work, how they perform their jobs, and how long they keep their jobs.

Barriers to effective perception:

�        Stereotyping:  Opinion based on membership in a group.

�        Halo Effect:  Attribute entire set of characteristics to someone based on a few traits.

�        Projection:  Transferring your own feelings onto someone else.

�        Perceptual distortion:  Denying existence of some thing or event.  Modify, distort.

�        Subliminal Influences:  Beyond threshold of awareness.

Figure 4-2 

Factors that Influence Perception

Attribution Theory:

�        Is behavior is internally or externally caused?

�        We tend to be harsh on others, and �easy� on ourselves.

Classical conditioning:

�        Pavlov riged up a bell and rang it each time he fed his dog.

�        Dog salivated at presentation of FOOD.

�        Unconditioned response

�        Eventually, dog salivated at ringing of bell only.

�        Conditioned response

Operant conditioning

�        You will do things that in response to reinforcement of behavior.

E.g., Robbing stock room.

�        Behavior was ignored, or untraced, so it was implicitly reinforced.

�        It therefore continued.

Operant conditioning tools:

�        Increase desired behavior

o       Positive reinforcement

�        Praise

�        Avoidance, negative reinforcement

�        Penalties for tardiness

�        Decrease Undesired behavior

�        Extinction

�        Ignore behavior, stop recognizing it.

�        Punishment