LIST OF ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPERS

Published by Dr Saeed Akhtar Khan                               

 

Click the hyperlinked authors’ names to view the abstract of the paper

 

WHO IMEMR = World Health Organisation  Index Medicus of Eastern Mediterranean  Region

2009

  1. Imran AA, Khan SA, Hassan M, Chaudrhy NA.  Differential preservation of  rabbit kidney and liver tissues in Ringer Lactate, Euro Collins and University of  Wisconsin Solutions. Biomedica 2009; 25 (1): [in press]
  2. Imran AA,  Hassan M, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Effect of storage conditions on morphological preservation of rabbit kidney and liver tissues. Annals KEMU 2009; 15: [in press]
  3. Imran AA,   Hamid T, Majid S, Qureshy A, Ahmad MM, Jaffar R, Khan SA, Raja RJ. Chondroid syringoma of the arm — an  unusual localisation: a case report and review of literature. Biomedica 2009; 25(2): [submitted for publication]

 

2008

  1. Rehman M, Khan SA, Lodhi Y. Unconfirmed  reactive screening tests and their impact on donor management. Pak J Med Sci 2008; 24(4): 517-19.
  2. Khan AH, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Regions (AgNORs) pattern in different grades of  transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Ann King Edward Med Univ 2008; 14(3): 86-69.
  3. Khan AH, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Biomedica 2008; 24 (1): 46-49.

 

2007

  1. Bukhari MH, Niazi S, Khan SA, Hashmi I, Perveen S, Qureshi SS, Chaudhry NA, Qureshi GR, Hassan M.  Modified method of AgNOR staining for tissue and interpretation in histopathology. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 88: 143-7.
  2. IbneRasa SN, Khan SA, Chaudhry NA. Estimation of p53 antibodies in malignant effusions.  Ann King Edward Med Coll 2007; 13(1): 11-15.
  3. Reyaz N, Naseem N, Khan SA, Chaudhry NA. Medulloblastoma: A life threatening cancer of infancy and childhood. Pak J Med Sci 2007; 23(2): 275-7.
  4. Bukhari MH, Qureshi SS, Niazi S, Asef M, Naheed M, Khan SA, Chaudhry NA, Tayyab M, Hassan M.  Chemotherapeutic /chemopreventive role of retiniods in chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in albino mice. Int J Dermatol 2007;46 (11): 1160-1165.
  5. Khan AH, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M.  Comparison of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Regions (AgNORs) with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen  (PCNA) in different grades of transitional cell carcinoma  of urinary bladder. Ann King Edward Med Univ 2007; 13(2): 186-190

2006

  1. Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Khalid AW, Akhtar GN, Ibne-Rasa SN. Patterns of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Regions in pleural and peritoneal effusions. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2006; 17
  2. Khan SA, Khokher S, Reyaz N, Chaudhry NA. Leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a 16 year old girl: case report and review of literature. Case Rep Clin Prac Rev 2006;7:
  3. Imran AA, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyib M. Role of anti microbial agents in delaying changes of autolysis. Annals KEMC 2006; 12 (3): 394-395.
  4. Hussain MR, Bukhari MH, Hashmi IU, Niazi S, Khan SA, Tayyib M, Chaudhry NA. Evaluation of primary pulmonary malignancies in central Punjab, Pakistan. Ann King Edward Med Coll 2006; 12(4): 580-2.
  5. Perveen S, Bukhari MH, Khan SA, Naveed IA, Chaudhry NA, Tehseen M. AgNOR staining in normal, cirrhotic and carcinomatous liver.  Biomedica 2006; 22 (1): 59-61.
  6. Majid S, Imran AA, Khan SA, Tayyib M. Presentation of Meckel’s diverticulum as severe acute abdominal pain. Pak Postgraduate Med J 2006; 17(3): 78-79.

 

2005

  1. Reyaz N , Tayyab M, Khan SA, Siddique T. Correlation of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) with grading of the neuroglial tumours.  J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2005; 15 (8): 472-5 [Indexed in PubMed;  PMID 16202357]  (Full Text PDF)
  2. Imran AA, Majid S, Khan SA. Diagnosis of enlarged thyroid — an analysis of 250 cases.  Annals KEMC 2005; 11 (3): 203-204.
  3. Hussain R, Khan SA, Chaudrhry NA, Ashraf M, Tayyib M. Age and sex distribution of primary pulmonary malignancies in central Punjab. Biomedica 2005; 21 (1):8-11
  4. Butt E, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Qureshi GR.  Intracranial space occupying lesions —  a morphological study.  Biomedica 2005; 21(1): 31-35.
  5. Imran AA, Majid S, Khan SA. Morphological variations in appendicectomy specimens. Pak J Pathol 2005;16(2): 50-60
  6. Ibnerasa SN, Chaudhry NA, Khan SA. AgNOR proliferative index in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions.  Int J Pathol 2005; 3(2): 86-90

 

2004

  1. Akhtar GN, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M, Khan SA.  AgNOR staining in benign and malignant effusions.  Pak J Med Sci 2004; 20: 29-32  [WHO IMEMR Record No. 80167]  (Full Text PDF)

 

2003

  1. Akhtar GN, Rehman MU, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA.  p53 immunostaining in benign and malignant effusions.  Pak j Med Sci 2003; 19 (1): 33-35. [WHO IMEMR Record No.  75959]  (Full Text)
  2. Imran AA, Khan SA, Chaudary NA, Tayyib M. Temperature independence of  University of Wisconsin solution as a tissue preservation fluid, compared with Euro Collins solution and Ringer lactate. Pak Postgraduate Med J 2003; 14 (1): 27-30. 
  3. Salaria SM, Bukhari MH, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Histological changes in renal vessels of albino rats fed on canola oil and hyperlipaedemic diet.  Biomedica 2003; 19:1-5. [WHO IMEMR  Record No. 81934]

2002

  1. Imran AA, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Hassan M, Tayyab M. Morphological evaluation of rabbit renal tissues preserved in Ringer lactate, Euro Collins and university of Wisconsin solutions. Biomedica 2002; 18 (1): 21-26. [WHO IMEMR Record No.  78071]
  2. Humayun M, Hussain R, Chaudhry NA, Khan SA, Tayyab M. Prevalence of parasites in house flies from different areas of Lahore. Biomedica 2002; 18 (1): 31-33.  [WHO IMEMR Record No. 78072]
  3. Imran AA, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M.  Sequential autolytic changes in the rabbit kidney. Pak Postgraduate Medical Journal 2002; 13 (2): 54-56.
  4. Humayun M, Hussain R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Seasonal variation of parasites in house flies from different areas of Lahore. Pak Postgraduate Med J 2002; 13 (2):64-66. 
  5. Mehmood Q, Khan SA, Chaudhry NA, Tayyab M.  Occular Malognancies; Lactate dehydrogenase levels in aqueous humour and serum of patients. Professional Med J 2002; 9 (4): 292-297. [WHO IMEMR Record No. 75782]
  6. Humayun M, Hussain R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyib M.  Prevalence of bacterial isolates in house flies  from different areas of Lahore. Pak Postgraduate Med J 2002; 13 (4): 152-158.
  7. Muhammad N, Bajwa R, Khan SA, Chaudhry NA, Tayyib M. A clinicomorphological study of tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Pak Postgraduate Med J 2002; 13 (4): 174-176.

 

2001

  1. Tasneem T, Rashid A, Akhtar S, Ahmed S. Argyrophilic neocleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) in Lymphocytic leukaemia. Annals KEMC 2001; 7(4): 288-290.
  2. Shah SS, Khan SA, Tayyab M,  Chaudrhy NA, Anwar MS.  Epithelial changes in tracheobronchial tree of smokers; relation to residence, occupation and pack year.  Pak J Pathol 2001; 12 (2): 10-13.

 

 

 

1999

  1. Tahir TM, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Silicosis in population of Lahore: Role of environmental dust. Medical Forum 1999; 10 (5): 4-6.
  2. Shah SS, Khan SA, Tayyab M, Chaudrhy NA. Carbon deposition in tracheobronchial tree of smokers and non-smokers: An autopsy study. Biomedica 1999; 15: 73-76.
  3. Shah SS, Khan SA, Tayyab M, Chaudrhy NA, Hussain R. Epithelial changes in tracheobronchial tree of smokers and non-smokers: An autopsy study.Pak J Health 1999; 36(3-4): 101-106.

 

1998

  1. Bukhari SMH, Bajwa R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA.  Prevention of 7-12 dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis by 13 cis Retinoic acid (CRA). Pak Postgraduate Med J 1998; 9 (1): 41-44.
  2. Sarfraz R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Abdominal tuberculosis - a clinicomorphological study. The Professional Med J 1998; 5: 161-168.  [WHO IMEMR Record No.  67963]
  3. Bukhari SMH, Bajwa R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Vitamin A deficiency enhances the effect of 7-12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in albino rats. JCPSP 1998; 8 (3): 101-105.  [WHO IMEMR Record No.  66862]
  4. Bukhari SMH, Khan SA, Bajwa R, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Albino rat skin tumour. Inhibitory effect of CRA on initiation by DNBA and promotion by TPA. The professional Med J 1998; 5 (3): 357-362.   [WHO IMEMR Record No.  68002]
  5. Jaffar R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Immunocytochemical analysis of oestrogen receptors on fine needle aspirates of mammary carcinoma. Biomedica 1998; 14: 108-110.

 

1996

  1. Hussain R, Chaudhhry NA, Anwar MS, Khan SA, Munir M, Tayyab M. Evaluation of dipstrips, direct gram stain and pyuria as screening tests for the detection of bacteruria. JPMA 1996; 46 (2): 38-41.  [PMID 8683847  Indexed in PubMed/Medline]
  2. Khalid AW, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M, Tehsin S. Silver staining Nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) counts in benign and malignant effusions. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1996; 7 (3-4): 54-56.
  3. Sarfraz R, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Ischaemic bowel disease in resected intestinal specimens. Annals KEMC 1996; 2 (3-4): 30-32.
  4. Sarfraz R, Ahmad MS, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Non-tuberculous inflammatory lesions in resected intestinal specimens. Pak J Surg 1996; 12 94): 177-179.  [WHO IMEMR Record No.  60246]

 

1995

  1. Chand H, Khan SA, Qureshi GR, Chaudrhy NA. Immunofluorescent staining of tubercle bacilli with locally prepared conjugate. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1995; 6 (1): 19-23.
  2. Rasul S, Akhtar MJ, Khan SA, Chaudhry MK, Tahir TM. Radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis: An assessment of 113 cases. Biomedica 1995; 11 (1): 23-27.
  3. Rasul S, Bhatti AH, Iqbal ZH, Akhtar AM, Tahir TM, Khan SA, Hussain G. Drug resistant tuberculosis in Lahore. Biomedica 1995; 11 (2): 54-57.

 

1994

  1. Qureshi N, Khan SA, Qureshi GR, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Renal lesions at autopsy. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5 (3): 24-28.
  2. Manmood Q, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA, Tayyab M. Retinoblastoma: A clinicomorphological study. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5 (4): 5-9.
  3. Khan SA, Jaffar R, Chaudrhy NA. Immunocytochemical staining of oestrogen receptors on paraffin sections from carcinoma of the breast. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5 (4): 17-23.

 

1993

  1. Bajwa R, Khan SA, Qureshi GR, Chaudhry NA. Colposcopy in the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. JPMA 1993; 43: 257-258. .  [PMID 8133637  Indexed in PubMed/Medline]
  2. Rasul S, Aslam M, Khan SA, Aman S, Nazir A, Chaudhry MK, Baloch NA, Sohail KM. Tuberculosis free zone - Concept and implementation. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1993; 4 (4): 247-258.

 

1992

  1. Bajwa R, Khan SA, Qureshi GR, Chaudrhy NA. Immunoperoxidase localisation of human papillomavirus antigens in cervical condylomata, with and without associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. Pak J Pathol 1992; 3: 79-80.
  2. Ahsan S, Khan SA, Chaudrhy NA. Argyrophilic neocleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) in nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. Pak J Pathol 1992; 3: 81-83.
  3. Bajwa R, Khan SA, Qureshi GR, Tayyab M, Chaudrhy NA. Human papillomavirus infection (Condyloma), Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and invasive carcinoma in Lahore. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1991-92; 2-3: 58-62.
  4. Ahsan S, Tayyab M, Chaudrhy NA, Khan SA. Silver staining nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) typing in nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. Pak Postgraduate Med J 1991-92; 2-3: 67-72.

 

1988

  1. Khan SA. A clinicomorphological study of malignancies of the breast. Biomedica 1988; 5:69-75.

 

 

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ABSTRACTS

 

This file below contains abstracts which are not available at PakMediNet or PubMed etc.

Please go to the list of publications and click the authors of the particular article.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Biomedica  1988; 5: 69-75

 

A CLINICOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MALIGNANCIES OF THE BREAST

 

S  A  Khan

Department of Pathology, Punjab Medical College , Faisalabad and King Edward Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

A total of 110 cases of malignancies of breast were studied.  They were aged 14 to 70 years.  Twenty percent patients were less than 35 years of age.  Eighty-seven percent cases presented with lump in breast.  Their mean duration of symptoms was 15.58 months. Invasive ductal carcinoma (76%) was the commonest histological type and 68 percent cases showed axillary lymph node metastasis. It was concluded that, although the biological characterics of the malignancies were comparable to those in the western population, the patients presented at a younger age and with advanced disease.

 

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Pakistan Postgraduate Med J 1991-92; 2-3 (1-4, 1-2): 67-72

 

SILVER STAINING NUCLEOLAR ORGANISER REGION (AgNOR) TYPING IN NODULAR HYPERPLASIA AND CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

 

Samiah Ahsan,  Muhammad Tayyab, Naseer Ahmad Chaudhary,  Saeed Akhtar Khan

 

Department of Pathology, Poatgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

AgNORs were studied in 50 cses each of nodular hyperplasia aand carcinoma of the prostate.  AgNOR typing on the basis of size and distribution of AgNORs was performed and on this basis, it was possible to differentiate nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate.

 

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Professional Med J 1998; 5(3): 357-362

 

ALBINO RAT SKIN TUMOUR

Inhibitory effect of CRA on initiation by DMBA and promotion by TPA

 

Syed Mulazim Hussain Bukhari,  Saeed Akhtar Khan,  Rakhshindah Bajwa,  Naseer Ahmad Chaudhry, Muhammad Tayyab

 

Department of Pathology King Edward Medical College and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

The present study was designed to see the effect of 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA) on albino rats skin tumour initiation by dimethylbenze (a) anthracene (DMBA) and promotion by 12-“o” tetra decanoyl-phorbol 13 acetate (TPA).  Skin tumour was initiated by 20 μg / 2.0 ml DMBA twicw a week in one group of rats. In another group of rats tumour promoter TPA was applied in a dose of 2 μg / 0.2 ml after the application of initiator (DMBA) in the same dose twice a week.  This study was continued for 20 weeks. In another group of rats 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA) was applied  before the application of initiator (DMBA) and promotor (TPA).  Topical application of CRA resulted in 80% tumour initiation when given before TPA.  The results indicate that vitamin A (CRA) inhibits both stages of tumour initiation and promotion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pak J Pathol 1992; 3(2): 79-80

 

IMMUNOPEROXIDASE LOCALISATION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS ANTIGENS IN CERVICAL CONDYLOMATA WITH AND WITHOUT ASSOCIATED CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND INVASIVE CARCINOMA

 

R Bajwa,  SA Khan,  GR Qureshi,  NA Chaudrhy

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

The biopsy specimens of 7 cases of cervical condylomata, 54 cases of subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI), 27 cases of SPI withcervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 2 cases of CIN, and 25 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were screened for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens.  The HPV antigen was positive in 6 (85.7%) cases of condylomata, 18 (33.5%) patients of SPI, 16 (59.2%) cases of SPI/CIN and 11 (44%) cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1991-92: 2-3(1-4, 1-2): 59-62

 

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION (CONDYLOMA), CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND INVASIVE CARCINOMA IN LAHORE

 

R Bajwa, S A Khan, G R Qureshi, M Tayyab, N A Chaudhry

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

 

Age distribution of 115 cases of various cervical lesions were analysed.  They included 61 cases of subclinical papilloma virus infection (SPI), 27 cases of mixed SPI and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 2 cases of CIN and 21 cases of invasive carcinoma.  Comparison of mean age showed statistically no significant difference between cases of SPI, SPI + CIN, and CIN.  However the difference was highly significant (p<0.001) when they were compared with invasive carcinoma.  All these lesions were found to occur at an older mean  age when compared with western studies.

 

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Pak J Pathol 1992; 3(2): 81-83

 

ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOLAR ORGANISER REGIONS (AgNORs) IN HYPERPLASIA AND CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

 

Samiah Ahsan,  Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmad Chaudrhy, 

Department of Pathology, Poatgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

The silver staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were studied in 50 cases each of nodular hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate.  The slides were viewed by two observers independently.  The difference between the counts of two observers was found to be insignificant (p>0.1).  The mean count per cell in cases of nodular hyperplasia of prostate (2.26 ± 0.37) differed significantly (p<0.001) from the mean count per cell in carcinoma of the prostate (4.68 ± 0.96).  It was possible on the basis of AgNOR counts, to differentiate between some grades of carcinoma of the prostate also. However, the slight overlapping in the range of counts (nodular hyperplasia: 1.25 to 3.18, carcinoma 3.16 to 6.84) alongwith the absence of a clear cut gap between the counts in the two groups, somewhat limits the importance of  AgNOR counts in an isolated case of carcinoma of the prostate.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1993; 4(4):247-256

 

TUBERCULOSIS FREE ZONE: CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION

 

Shamshad Rasool, *Maliha Aslam,  **Saeed Akhtar Khan,  *Shehbaz Aman,  Aamir Nazir,  Muhammad Khalid Ch,  Nayyar Abbas Baloch,  K M Suhail

Department of Chest Medicine and *Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical , Lahore.

**Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

In 1988, the Punjab Tuberculosis Association developed the concept of tuberculosis free zone.  The objective was that instead of wasting limited resources haphazardly, certain closed communities should be selected and the disease be eliminated there. Similar programmes at other places may well be helpful. In this regard, four villages were selected.  Door to door survey was done.  Suspected cases and their families were fully examined and investigated.  Out of a population of 5487, 335(6.1%) persons were identified with respiratory symptoms. Sixty-four (1.16% of the total population in the area) patients were found to be suffering from tuberculosis.  A total of 22 (40.7%) patients were spurom AFB positive aand 26 (40.6%) patients were found among the contacts.  Male to female ratio of 1:1 was observed at the treatment.  Compliance in the age group of 0-14 years wassignificantly better as compared to the age aage group of 25 years and above (p<0.05). All of those who completed the treatment were cured.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5(3):24-28

 

RENAL LESIONS AT AUTOPSY

 

*Navid Qureshi, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Ghulam Rasool Qureshi, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, and *Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore

 

This study comprises of 100 autopsies carried out on medicolegal cases dying of causes unrelated to kidney disease.  Most of the cases died of firearm injury (15%), traffic accidents (22%), head injury (15%), and stab wounds (13%).  As many as 61% showed different renal lesionsand only 39% had normal kidneys.  Renal cysts (25%) were the most common lesion, followed by benign nephrosclerosis (19%), focal glomerulosclerosis (18%), and chronic pyelonephritis (11%).

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5(4):5-9

 

RETINOBLASTOMA: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY

 

*Qaiser Mehmood, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, and *Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad.

 

This study includes 42 cases being clinically diagnosed as retinoblastoma.  Two of these proved non-malignant on histological examination. The most common clinical presentation was leukokoria followed by proptosis, and deterioration of vision.  Male to female ratio was 1.9: 1. Eighty-one percent cases ranged between 6 months to four years of age, while10%cases were bilateral.  Main gross pathological features were necrosis, anterior chamber involvement, haemorrhages, and calcification.  Common histological features were necrosis, optic nerve invasion, pseudorosettes, rosettes, haemorrhage, choroids invasion, inflammation, calcification etc.  Histologically, they were graded as well differentiated (16 cases),  poorly differentiated (11 cases) and undifferentiated (13 cases). The present study highlighted the clinical and morphological presentation.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1994; 5(4):17-23

 

IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF OESTROGEN RECEPTORS ON PARAFFIN SECTIONS FROM CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST

 

Saeed Akhtar Khan, Rozina Jaffar,  Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

 

Paraffin sections from 35 cases of carcinoma of the breast were stained immunocytochemically for oestrogen receptors.  Seventeen (48%) cases stained positively for oestrogen receptors indicated by brown nuclear staining.  Four (11.4%) were weakly positive, 9 (25.7%) were moderately positive and 4 (11.45%) were strongly positive.  Different steps of the staining procedure employed are analysed in detail.  The techniques of other workers are also analysed.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1995; 6(1):19-23

 

IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING OF TUBERCLE BACILLI WITH LOCALLY PREPARED CONJUCATE

 

Haresh Chand, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Ghulam Rasool Qureshi, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

 

Experimentally induced tuberculosis in lymph nodes, lungs, spleens and livers of 20 guinea pigs was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining using locally prepared rabbit anti-guinea pig conjugate.  The results were compared against the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the same tissues.

The sensitivity of the immunofluoresecnt staining ranged from 50 to 70%.  It had 100% specificity and positive predictive value for all the tissues studied.  The overall diagnostic efficiency of staining varied from 75% to 90% in different tissues.

 

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Biomedica  1995; 11 (1): 23-27

 

RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: AN ASSESSMENT OF 113 CASES

 

Shamshad Rasul, M J Akhtar,  S A Khan,  M K Chaudhry,  T M Tahir

Departments of TB and Chest Diseases, Radiology and Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College,  Punjab Institute of Cardiology, and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

 Radiological appearances of active tuberculosis in 113 patients were reviewed.  A male to female ratio of 1.4:1 was observed.  In 103 (91.0%) of the cases either the disease was moderate or far advanced at the time of presentation.  Bilateral lung involvement in 74 (65.0%) cases was significantly (p<0.002) more than unilateral lung involvement  in 39  (34.5%) cases.  One hundred and three (91.0%) cases had upper zone involvement which was significantly more (p<0.001)  as compared to middle (24.0%) and lower zone (5.3%) involvement.  Statistically, there was no difference (p>0.05) between left and right lung involvement.  Cavitary lesions were significantly more (p<0.001) than other parenchymal lesions.  The authors conclude that the characteristic upper lobe infiltration of post primary disease remains the most common form of presentation of active pulmonary tuberculosis in adults.  When associated with cavitation and volume loss, it strongly favours the diagnosis of tuberculosis.  Atypical presentation either due to late onset of primary tuberculosis or ann unusual pattern of post primary tuberculosis may be seen in upto 20% of cases.

 

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Biomedica  1995; 11 (2): 54-57

 

DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN LAHORE, PUNJAB

 

Shamshad Rasul,  Aftab H Bhatti, Zafar H Iqbal, A Majeed Akhtar, Tariq M Tahir, Saeed A Khan, Ghulam Hussain

Institute of Chest Medicine, King Edward Medical College, Lahore and Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

From November 1994 to January 1996, sputum cultures from 149 patients yielded growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Susceptibility was tested against INH (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E), Para Amiosalicylic acid (PAS), Thiacetazone (TH) and Ethionamide (Eth). Sixty-seven percent of the isolates were resistant to one or more drugs.  Of these, 79% were resistant to two or more drugs. INH had the highest resistance.  Isolates from patients  with previous history of anti-tuberculous treatment had 52.9% resistance, whereas isolates from patients wwith no history of previous treatment had 28.9% resistance.  Initial resistance to Streptomycin (p<0.001) and PAS (p<0.05) was significantly lower than secondary drug resistance.   Resitance to Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol was 5.4%, 4.0% and 4.0% respectively.  A very low resistance (3.3%) was observed to thiacetazone.  Resitance to PAS was 12.7%. Therefore it is recommended that more culture and sensitivity studies should be performed for mycobacterium tuberculosis.  For treating these patients in initial phase, four drugs HRZE/ or S should be prescribed and in the continuation phase Ethambutol bbe added as a companion drug ti INH and Rifampicin.if susceptibility studies ae not available. It is further recommended that thiacetazone and PAS being cost effective, be made available and used in treatment failure cases.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1996; 7(3-4):54-56

 

SILVER STAINIG NUCLEOLAR ORGANISER REGION (AgNOR) COUNTS IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT EFFUSIONS

 

Abdul Wadood Khalid, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab, Sabira Tehsin

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

Since distinguishing malignant from benign cells in effusions can be difficult, with reactive mesothelial cells simulating malignant cells, AgNORs were studied in 50 cases each of benign annd malignant effusions.  The overall mean AgNOR count was significantly lower (p<0.001) I the benign group (3.73 ± 0.56) as compare to the count in the malignant group (10.85 ± 4.11). These results imply that AgNOR counting can be useful in separating reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells in effusions.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 1998; 9(1):41-44

 

PREVENTION OF 7-12 DIMETHYL BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE (DMBA) INDUCED SKIN CARCINOGENESIS BY 13 CIS-RETINOIC ACID (CRA)

 

Syed Mulazim Hussain Bukhari,  Rakhshindah Bajwa, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmed Chaudhry

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, and King Edward Medical College,  Lahore.

 

The present study was performed on 30 albino rats of 7 week age to see the preventive role of vitamin A in chemically induced skin carcinogenesis with DMBA. A group of 10 albino rats was treated with 20 μg /0.2 ml of DMBA, twice weekly for 20 weeks.  Another group of 10 animals was treated with 10  μg / 0.2 ml of 13 cis-Retinoic Acid (CRA) topically, one hour prior to the application of DMBA.  Topical application of CRA resulted in 80% protection from tumourigenesis with DMBA.  The results indicate that vitamin A prevents the effects of chemical carcinogenesis.

 

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Professional Med J 1998; 5 (2):  161-168

 

ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS:  A CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

 

Rahat Sarfraz,  *Saeed Akhtar Khan, *Naseer Ahmed Chaudhry

Institute of Public Health, *Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

Fifty-one cases of intestinal of intestinal tuberculosis were found in a total of 200 resected intestinal specimens studied at PGMI, Lahore.   Maximum number of cases were in 20-29 years age group, showing a female preponderance.  Pain was the commonest presenting complaint. Haemoglobin estimation revealed anaemia in 82.35% cases. And ESR was raised in 90.32% cases.  Ileum was the commonest bowel segment involved in the cases of intestinal tuberculosis. Mean length of resected specimens in these cases was 26.6 ± 16.31 cm. Hypertrophic lesions and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were the commonest finding on gross examination.  On fluorescent  (Auramine-Rhodamine ) staining 40 (78.43%) cases were AFB positive.

 

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J Coll Phys Surg Pak 1998: 8(3): 101-105.

 

VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY ENHANCES THE EFFECTS OF 7-12 DIMETHYL BENZ (A) ANTHRACENE (dmba) INDUCED SKIN CARCINOGENESIS IN ALBINO RATS

 

*Syed Mulazim Hussain Bukhari,  Rakhshindah Bajwa, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmed Chaudhry, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, and *King Edward Medical College,  Lahore

 

The present study was designed to see the effects of vitamin A deficiency in DMBA induced chemical carcinogenesis on the skin of albino rats.  The rats were kept on vitamin A deficient diet for 20 weeks and treated with 20 μg / 0.2 ml of DMBA twice weekly.   After 20 weeks 70% skin lesions were developed in animals taking vitamin A deficient diet (VAD) alone.  While 90% skin lesions were seen in animals receiving VAD and DMBA group.  However 10-20% more skin lesions were seen in normal diet, DMBA aand VAD DMBA group as compared to VAD group.  The results indicate that vitamin A deficiency enhances the effect of chemical carcinogenesis.

 

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Professional Med J 1998; 5 (3):  357-362

 

ALBINO RATS SKIN TUMOUR: INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CRA ON INITIATION BY DMBA AND PROMOTION BY TPA

 

*Syed Mulazim Hussain Bukhari,  Saeed Akhtar Khan, Rakhshindah Bajwa, Naseer Ahmed Chaudhry, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, and *King Edward Medical College,  Lahore

 

The present study was designed to see the effect of 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA) on albino rats skin tumour initiation by dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) and promotion by 12-“o” tetra deconyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA).  Skin tumour was initiated by 20 μg / 0.2 ml of DMBA twice a week in one group of rats. In another group of rats tumour promotor  TPA was applied in a dose of 2 μg /0.2 ml, after the application of initiator DMBA in the same dose twice a week.  This study was continued for 20 weeks.  In another group of  rats 13-cis retoinic acid (CRC) was applied before the application of initiator (DMBA) and promotor (TPA).  Topical application of CRA resulted in 80% tumour inhibition when given before DMBA and 70% when given before TPA.  The results indicate that vitamin “A” (CRA) inhibits both stages of tumour initiation and promotion.

 

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Med Forum 1999; 10 (5): 4-6

 

SILICOSIS IN POPULATION OF LAHORE:  ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DUST

 

Tariq M Tahir*,  Saeed A Khan,  Naseer A. Chaudrhy,  Muhammad Tayyab

Pathology  Department, *Institute of Pulic Health and  Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

This study was designed to see the prevalence of pneumoconeosis in the population of Lahore. Autopsy subjects above 10 years of age and of both sexes were included in the study. Specimens of hilar lymph nodes and representative portions of the lungs from 100 autopsy cases were collected .  On histological examination, whereas anthracosis was present in all the cases, 11 (11%) cases of silicosis were identified.  Maximum number , 9 out of 11 cases  of silicosis occurred in residents where there was moderate to maximum air pollution.  The dust exposure was environmental and not occupational.  This clearly highlights the extent of air pollution in Lahore and its suberbs.  The study emphasizes the need of reducing air pollution for prevention of  silicosis.

 

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Pak J Surg  1996:  12(4):177-179

 

NON-TUBERCULOUS INFLAMMATORY LESIONS IN RESECTED INTESTINAL SPECIMENS.

 

Rahat Sarfraz,  *Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmad, Saeed Akhtar Khan,  Naseer Ahmad Chaudrhy

Department of Pathology and *Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

 

A total of eighty seven inflammatory lesions were found in resected intestinal specimens studied ai Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Lahore from February to December 1994.  Out of these, thirty six (41.38%) were those of non tuberculous  inflammatory lesios. The two common types of these lesions were typhoid perforation and o-specific inflammation (16 cases, 44.44% each) A sigle case each of Chrohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis was also present.  Most patiets with typhoid perforation were I 20-29 years age group with male predominance.  In 15 cases the perforation was preset in the ileum.  In 11 cases more than one perforation was present.  The mean size of the perforation was 1.08 cm..  The most cases in non-specific  inflammation ( excluding  Chrohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis ) were in 40-49 years age group with equal number of males and females.  On the basis of type of inflammatory infiltrate, chronic inflammations were the most common.

 

 

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Pak J Health 1990;36 (3-4): 101-106

 

EPITHELIAL CHANGES IN TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE OF CIGARETTE SMOKERS: AN AUTOPSY STUDY

 

Syed Shoaib Shah,  Saeed Akhtar Khan,  Muhammad Tayyab,  Naseer Ahmad Chaudrhy,  Raheela Hussain

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute and Institute of Public Health, Lahore.

 

This autopsy based study was carried out on 75 smokers ad 25 non-smokers belonging to Lahore. The subjects were males above the age of 25 years. Epithelial changes of basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and dysplasia (atypical metaplasia) were compared in two groups.  These were found in significantly high number of cases in smokers (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.025 respectively) than in non-smokers. Carcinoma in situ and or invasive carcinoma was not detected in either of the two groups.  Presence of basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia ad dysplasia in our smoker  population emphasizes the need of public education about the hazards of smoking.  The possible explanation of absence of carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma may be the improvement in manufacture of cigarettes and introduction of filter tip cigarettes in our society over the last decade or so.  Another reason may be the lack of other carcinogens which may potentiate the effects of cigarette smoke by synergistic action.

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 2002; 13(2):54-56

 

SEQUENTIAL AUTOLYTIC CHANGES IN THE RABBIT KIDNEY

 

Ambereen A Imran, Saeed Akhtar Khan,  Naseer A Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

(The published article does not contain abstract.  The abstract by the authors is given below)

 

Rabbit renal tissues were placed in Ringer Lactate solution in order to study sequential autolytic changes with passage of time.  Glomeruli were found to be the most resistant region.  Earliest change of granular eosinophilic debris in Bowmann’s space appeared in 12 hours and was well developed in 36 hours.   Nuclear change of pyknosis started appearing in  36 hours and became clearly manifest in 72 hours.  This was followed by karyolysis which appeared in 96 hours and was complete by 168 hours.  Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) were the most sensitive region.  Cellular swelling and loss of brightness of brush border appeared  within seconds.  Debris within the lumen of the tubules started appearing in 12 hours.  Most of the tubules contained large amount of debris by 48-72 hours.  This was followed by nuclear fading and shrinkage.  The most prominent change of cytokaryolysis of PCT followed by shedding of tubular cells in the lumen started at 24 hours and was complete by 120 hours.  Progressive interstitial oedema appeared at 24 hours and  reached its peak at 120 hours.

            This data may be applied to unfixed renal biopsies to “age” the specimens.  Similar criteria could be developed for other organs. 

 

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Pak Postgraduate Med J 2002; 13(2):64-66

 

SEASONAL VARIATION OF PARASITES IN HOUSE FLIES FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF LAHORE

 

Muhammad Humayun,  Raheela Hussain, Saeed Akhtar Khan,  Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.

 

The meteorological factors are know to affect both the spread and elimination of intestinal parasites in a community which is any how related to increase and decrease in the number of houseflies.  In the present one year study commencing from 1st June 1998 to 31st may 1999, 14,400 flies were used for parasitological examination from six insanitary and six sanitary localities of Lahore, thus revealing seasonal variation.   The frequency of cysts and ova being highest in summer (p<0.001) which was followed by autumn, spring and winter in both sanitary and insanitary localities with a few exceptions.

 

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Professional Med J 2002; 9 (4): 292-297

 

OCCULAR MALIGNANCIES:  LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE LEVELS IN AQUEOUS HUMOUR AND SERUM OF PATIENTS

 

*Qaiser Mehmood, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Tayyab

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, and *Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad.

 

A total of 50 cases with clinical diagnosis of ocular malignancy were studied for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in aqueous humour and serum.  On histological examination, 40 cases were those of retinoblastoma and 7 seven had other malignancies (squamous cell carcinoma 5, one each of malignant melanoma and sebaceous carcinoma), whereas three turned out to be non-malignant.  Aqueous LDH levels were significantly raised (p<0.001) in cases of retinolastoma when compared to other malignancies as well as controls.  Mean aqueous humour to serum LDH ratios were significantly raised (p<0.001) in cases of retiolastoma.

 

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AbstractID024

 

Pak J Pathol 2005; 16 (2): 58-60

 

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APPENDICECTOMY SPECIMENS

 

Ambereen A Imran, Sarosh Majid, Saeed Akhtar Khan

Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

 

Objective: To study and describe the various gross and microscopic presentations of appendicectomy specimens.

Design: Prospective analysis of  surgical specimens.

Setting: Pathology Department, PGMI, Lahore. Single Center.

Main Outcome Measures: Morphological examination of the specimens.

Results: 250 appendicectomy specimens were studied.  The gender more frequently affected was male (1.6: 1 cases).  The mean age was 16 years.  The clinical diagnosis was acute appendicitis in 246 cases.  This was confirmed in 209 cases. 28 cases revealed normal morphology.  Worm infestation was seen in 4 cases.  All of these belonged to the paediatric age group.  One case revealed a carcinoid tumour.

Conclusion: All resected specimens including appendices should be subjected to a to a thorough histopathological examination.

 

 

 

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