CONTENTS
Chapter Title Year of Page Ref. No publishing page in text
Introduction 1
1. Homoeopathy
The Science of Therapeutics [1862] 2 (1)
2. Antagonism between [1863] 15 (67)
Homoeopathy & Allopathy
3. Relation of Pathology to [1864] 22 (99)
Therapeutics
4. Primary & Secondary symptoms
of drugs as guides in determining
the dose [1875] 24 (115)
5. The dose in drug proving [1860] 29 (136)
6. Alternation of remedies - 1 [1863] 32 (156)
7. Alternation of remedies - 2 [1865] 36 (166)
University questions 44
List of personalities quoted 45
Index 45
How to take the case 46
Key
 Indicates sentences altered for simplicity
 Indicates sentences in unaltered form
 Indicates points outside the scope of exams.
187.L.L. Indicates that the sentence appears in page 7, last paragraph, last line of the text.
PREFACE
The study of Homoeopathic philosophy in its true of eternal spirit with a doubtless understanding of its minute shades is highly essential for aspiring homoeopaths who wish to dedicate their life to the emergence of Homoeopathy into the mainstream of social acceptance. It should be remembered that strict adherence to principles is the key thing behind success.
The companion series consist of five booklets which will serve as quick reference aids to the various homoeopathic philosophy text books included in BHMS sylabus. One thing is to be kept in mind. This is only a handbook. The great philosophical insight the inspring remarks, the magnificant language and the pleasure of reading that will be obtained from the original text books can in no way be substituted here. So it is desirable for the reader to go through the original texts before using this hand book.
My gratitude to the faculty of organon of Medicine, GHMCT cannot be limitted in words. I extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. Amar Bodhi, Dr Manoj, Dr. Manu Varghese & Dr. Vinu Krishnan for the encouragement given & also Dr. Shaji Kutty (KHMGA TVM Unit) for help.
Lastly - a word of worth mentioning of my dear friends in GHMCT who inspired me to turn my idea into a reality.
Tvm
14-10-2001 Reji Kumar. R
1. HOMOEOPATHY - THE SCIENCE OF 1.HOMOEOPATHY- THE SCIENCE OF THERAPEUTICS
1.4.1 Therapeutics - the science of curing diseases.
2.1.1 Instance where therapeutics has no role
Elderly person complaining of great anguish in the preiordia with life threatening violence. Prognosis is demanded and the knowledge of pathology will help it.
2.2.1. Man with epileptiform convulsion. Here pathology helps to distinguish the causes and physiology regarding the phenomena of convulsion. But it will be practical surgery which is helpful in removing the actual cause of a gunshot bullet pressing the siatic weave.
3.3.1 Epilepsy in a child of 21/2 years, soon after weaning. The cause was over feeding with molasses - cake and milk. The diet was adjusted & with the knowledge of physiology, pathology & Hygeine and the problem was rectified.
Therapeutics having some role (but subordinate)
4.3.1 A nursing woman presents with a picture of anaemia, unequal drain of milk, deficient in oily matter was found to be the cause. Here the decline of vigor can be retarded by weaning & restoration may be accelerated by judicious application of therapeutics.
5.2.1. A case of facial neuralgia was also cured in a similar way.
5.3.1  A patient with signs of depraved nutrition complaints of a burning pain under the angle of the right scapulae. Here the cause was a too steady needle work.
6.2.1  A patient complains of severe darting and aching in the shin with coldness over sensitiveness < evening > warmth, continued motion. Rhus tox cured this case only after the person was advised to use woollen stockings since the cause was great exposure to dampness & cold.
6.3.1  The above examples show that very many cases can be successfully met by a preliminary analysis with the help of an extensive and through knowledge of physiology, pathology and Hygeine. This territory is common to practioners of all the varieties of Therapeutic faith & practice. We may also find that the much boasted advances made in the treatment of diseases by ‘Rational Medicine’ were nothing but the field of Hygeine.
THE NATURE AND LIMITS OF THE SCIENCE OF HYGIENE AND THERAPEUTICS
7.2.2. The living organism possesses a susceptability to the action of certain general stimuli such as light, heat, electricity, aliment, atmospheric air etc.
7.2.9 The absolute withdrawal of one of the stimuli for any considerable length of time results in death.
7.2.16 Why doesnot disease constantly exist?
Because the organism is endowed with either a faculty of provisionally supplementing to a limited extent one stimulus by another, or with a kind of elasticity.
8.2.18 Characteristics of Special Stimuli
It is foreign to the organism.
It is different from the general stimuli.
It acts upon the susceptabilities in the organism which general stimuli donot awaken.
It acts upon the formula which express its relations to those susceptabilities.
This formula furnishes the rule for the employment of special stimuli and it can never be discovered by a study of physiology (which only deals with relations of general stimuli).
9.1.1 The application of special stimuli to the diseased organism is the domain of the science of therapeutics. The restoration and maintenance of a proper equilibrium of the general stimuli appertains to the scinece of Hygiene.
9.2.2  A healthy man is exposed to an unusual degree of cold ie, there is a deficiency of heat - a general stimuli. Nature anticipates this by liberal provisions of calorific apparatus within the organism. Despite this, he is chilled & suffers from rigors. He seeks shelter, sits by a fire, takes a warm drink ie, excessively receives the deficient stimulus and restores health.
9.2.16 “Vis medicatrix naturae” - The natural tendancy to a restoration of the balance of functions by the adjustment of general stimuli. This elasticity may get exhausted with permanent derangement. In such cases a special stimulus is needed for the restoration of health.
9.2.18.  Causa sublata tollitur effectus - the great law of Hygeine - what stimulus has been deficient or excessive in quantity or abnormal in quality and that the equilibrium of the stimuli be restored.
9.3.1. Suppose the same man is exposed to cold to a greater degree. Despite fire & warm drinks his rigors continue and develop fever and rheumatic pains. Here the excess of general stimuli fails to produce the desired effect because a new element had arisen. The organism had suffered a dynamic and then an organic change.
10.3.7. The person’s condition has run off the track of crooked railway of life. It needs the intervention of some new agent acting under a new law - a jack screw & levers operated from without - to re-instale it on the road of healthy action. These new stimuli are therapeutic agents constitute the science of therapeutics.
10.4.3. The subject of the science of Therapeutics is the modified functions and organs of the body. Its agents are special stimuli drawn from whatever region of the external world.
11.lw. “tolle causam” - the primary cause of disease which the materialists consider.
12.3.3 Every Inductive Natural Science (except those of classification) consists elementarily of 2 series of independent phenomena connected by the formula of their general relation.
Connecting Links
Science Phenomena 1 Link Phenomena 2
Therapeutics : Sick phenomena Therapeutic law Drug phenoena
Physics : Phenomena of sun Law of attraction Phenomena of earth
Chemistry : Properties of Pottassa Law of chemical affinity properties of sulphuric acid.
Optics: Properties of Luminous body Law of the diffusion of light Properties of light receiving body.
THE CONDITIONS OF A SCIENCE OF THERAPEUTICS
13.3.6  Capability of infinite progres in each of its elements without detriment to its integrity as a whole.
16.3.2.  It shall provide for the prediction of future events within its own domain. It must furnish means of prevision.
DOES “RATIONAL MEDICINE” FULFILL THESE CONDITIONS.
18.2.1 We may divide the old school therapeutics into 2 methods.
(a) Plan of cure is based on the theory of the nature of disease - study of pathology of disease
18.2.7 There are 3 objections to this method.
18.2.9 Simple impossibility of arriving at a knowledge & nature of the disease.
eg: unable to find the reason for the excess of fibrin in blood in pneumonia.
19.1.2 The method consitutes rather a congeries of sciences of therapeutics, based on theories of isolated groups or types of disease than a single all embracing science.
There is lack of idividualisation, there is only generalisation. This generalisation leads to the treatment of abstractions.
Nature knows no accidents. In her view there are no trifles, no events, subjective or objective which are “irrelevant” and “of no moment”.
20.2.1. It doesn’t fulfill the first condition of a physical science ie, it is not capable of infinite progress.
(b) Methodical - retries only on statistics
21.2.1 It utterly fails to enable us to forsee & provide against new forms of disease.
21.4.1. M. Auguste Comte (mathematician) says that statistics will only lead to profound degradation of medical art into just blind enumeration. It can be nothing but absoulute empiricism disguised under the frivolous garb of mathematics.
23.1.6. John Stuart Mill speaks in his “System of Logic” about the testing of Mercury to find its effectivenes against a disease by administering it to a variety of cases. Here the wide range of circumstances amidst which the medicine is introduced is not considered. These known or unknown multitude of influencing circumstances will disguise the effect of mercury.
HAS “RATIONAL MEDICINE” ACCOMPLISHED NOTHING.
Hippocrates and some of his followers are among the brightest intellects the world has known. They have been engaged in the study & practice of medicine. The rare intelligence and devotion of labourers is to be admitted. But labour, however intelligent and devoted, if undirected, must fail of its end.
25.1.13 It is not denied that we are indebted to our predecessors for a vast number of isolated facts of incontestable value as materials to be used in the consruction of a science of therapeutics and also for the elaboration of those subsidiary sciences. Anatomy, Physiology etc. without which therapeutics as a science could not exist.
25.2.3 One sort of improvement is gladly acknowledged. Simultaneously with the spread of Homoeopathy, old, school physicians began to learn to abstain from mischievous modes of treatment formerly pursued.
25.2.7. Prof. Bennett speaks of the improvement in treatment of pneumonia as the abstinence from methods like blood - letting.
26.1.10 The formula for improvement of all kinds is “Cease to do evil; learn to do well”, The old school people are learning to obey the former, the negative clause. They must advance and join us in the latter, the positive.
26.2.11 Hygeine has has an important role in the prevention of disease. A day will come when Hygeine will more & more curtail the boundaries of therapeutics and the physicians will became a presserver of health rather than a restorel. Family doctor may thus get a role similar to that of a family lawyer to keep his clients out of bed.
Does Homoeopathy fulfil the conditions of a science of therapeutics
27.2.1 In is structure as a science, Homoeopathy conforms to the model we have determinated. Homoeopathic formula expresses the relation between disease and drug. Homoeopathy is capable of independent progress in its own fields. Without the derival of what has been previous stated. (Thus it fulfills the first condiion)
28.3.4 If the phenomena of a given case of disease be known, the law of relation will at once point to the appropriate remedy and indication is reliable ven in the absense of any previous experience. Conversely, the physician can certainly pronounced the form of disease that can be cured by a drug, when it theroughly proved.
29.1.8 When the epidemic of Asiatic cholera broke out in Europe for the first time, the old school claimed the excuse of no previous experience to study and treat the disease. But Hahnemann was able to cure thousands of cases, sucessfully. This is an illustrions example of the prevision possible in Homoeopathy (2nd condition)
30.3.1 John stuart Mill in his work on logic speaks of the 3 methods of investigation - observation, experimentation & deduction. Deduction is illustrated by him with the des cription of homoeopathic philosophy behind drug proving of Mercury.
How to Study The Science of Therapeutics
31.1.7 A knowledge of physiology & pathology is indispensable on the very threshold of medcal practice and before aany question of therapetics has arises.
31.3.1 To appreciate the morbid phenomena, we must know the healthy phenomena.
31.4.1 To get a complete picture of morbid symptoms by an orderly & methodical investigation. We must be familar with the elations and seqences of morbid phenomenon.
32.2.8 Pathology is for a homoeopathist, not a guide in therapeutic but an instruments which be uses in studying those phenomena which are to be respectively the subject and the agents of his therapeutic operations.
52.3.6 Through pathology be learns to know disease but it is through therapeutics alone that he can cure it.
When a carriage breake down, we may find the place where it is broken, yet this knowledge doesnot involve the knowledge of how to reconnectit. Similarly though we clearly know the pathology of phenomina it gives no clue to the therapeutic treatment.
33.3.1 The generalization to which Hanhemann objected was to that of disease upon hosologic hypotheses. Generalisation extending to such well defined pathological states like anameia plethora is not obscure.
The study of materia medica
34.2.9. We are go to study Materia Medica as above all, to bring into strong relef and fix firm in memory those peculiarities of each drug.
(+ these points are quoted by Richard Hughes. Ref. 97 & 101]
which are not met with in any other, and which therefore sense to individualize and give character to the drug that produces them and which are called its characteristic symptoms
35.1.1 The only sense sense in which Homoeopathists can use the term is in is application to individuals. Hence a characterists symptoms mist mean one which is possessed by none other than the individual drug of which it is predicated and to which it therefore gives character as an individual.
36.2.1 A case of uterine haemorrhage method of reaching the simillinum
Condition: ut.Hge dark colour congestive sensation as if living body in abdomen
Drugs left: 40 10 5 Crocus
41.3.1 Books to be referred for study of MM
a) Hahnemanu’s Materia Medica Pura
b) “ chrnoic Diseases
c) Stapt’s Archiv
d) Austrian journals of Noask & Trinks.
41.4.1 anuals, however convenient for reference in the hurry of practice, are not uitable for systematic study because the phrasocology of provers may be altered in them.
42.1.7 In many mannuals, attempts at abbreviation have been made and with no better success than if oe should sequence one’s lemons to lesson he bulk of one’s luggage and yet hope to have good lemonade at the end of one’s journey; for it always happens, and must from the nature of case, that the skins are the part retained, while the juice is thrown away.
41.fn It is incriment on each generation reprove to a certain exten the remedies of the Materia Medica so as to being these and to bear on the study of pathogenesy.
42.3.3 (Teachers of the subject must be competent ednough can a bitter fountain send forth sweet walies. Do grapes grow on thorns, or figs on thister?
51.3.5 To complete a systemadic study of MM, one might require 7 years of unremitting labor - just the period for which a lad is apprenticed to learn his trade.
51.4.1. Prescribes are liable to 2 errors of an oppostie kind. a) prescribing nly on general analysis b) prescribing on the strength of 10x2 characterists symptoms.
ANTAGONISM BETWEEN HOMOEOPATHY AND ALLOPATHY
Historic point of view
68.3.4 Sir John Forbes says that Hahnemann is undoubtedly a man f genius & a scholar.
68.4.1 Herfeland, the Nestor of orthdox medicine in Germany, in callin attention to an essay published by Hahneman in his Journal in 1801, speaks of him or “one of the most disinguished physicians in Germany.
69.1.1 With his allopathic practice Hahnemann came to know that the drugs are doing only harm, never god effect.
69.2.4 Sir. Forbes says in 1846, that it is better to abandon the active drugs which are doing only harm.
69.4.6 Hahnemann relinquished the practice of medicine and devoted himself to the collateral science of chemistry and to literary labors.
70.5.1. A casual observation in cullen’s Materia Medica gave him the clue to his discovery, as the falling apple did to Newton and the swinging chandelier in the church at pisa to galileo.
71.1.1 Hahnemann thought of drug proving in healthy persons. He searched and collected a large mass of widences corroborating his speculations, from the ancient medical literature.
71.3.1 Hahnemann started proving drugs upon himslef and other didicated persons. He started giving proved medicines.
71.4.1 From 1790 - 1805 he proved 60 drugs ‘Medicine of Experience & Fragmenta do Vir. Med. Pos were published in 1805. Organon was published for the first time in 181.
73.2.7 In a letter to Hufeland, Hahnemann says “I believe I have discovered a system which will redder the practice of Medicine certain, an dits success brilliant. I have labored fifteen years to test my discovery. My own experience and the test imny furnished by the records of medicine conveince one of its truth. I lay, it & them before you, my coleagues, & I conjure you in the name of truth by the interests of humanity to investigate it candidty and without prejudice. If experience should show you that my method is the best then make use of it for the benefit of mankind and give God the glory!
72.4.1 In 1811, appeared the Anti - organon of Prof. Hecter. The content of it and all subsequent critisicms were just bitter personal denumications and aspersions of the character & motives of Hahnemann.
73.1,1 Instances of similar biter experiencer to the truth seekers are available in history. Harvey was denomiced as a quack Jenuer was scandalized.
73.2.5 Haheman’s fame as a practioner grew rapidly. This good fortime excited the envy of his colleagues in Konigxlutter. Apothecaries turned against him & he was forbidden to practice.
74.2.1 From 1799 - 1821, Hahnemann was forced to change his abode at least eleven times.
75.2.1 Time brings its sweet revenges. A branze statue of Hahnemann was erected in 1851 by the town council of leipsic. 30 years before, the same council had ignominiously chased from their borders as an unanthorized and illegal prescriber.
76.3.3 Hahnemann showed the imperfection of the current methods. Nobody disproved what he said. Everybody agreed with him and everybody signed for something better. He discovered something better and offered it to his colleagues, with demonstrations of its value; he begged them to investigate and in care they should find it better than th old method, to use it for the good of mankind, & give God the glory ! Then with one accord, they denounced him as a vile impositor & chased him from their midst, nor have hey yet creased to hep ignoring on his warm?
Philosophical point of view
77.5.1 Hahnemann per ceived that the prevailing methods of treating disease comprised two procesed. On of hem, the “Rational” involves a theory of the cause & essential nature of the disease. Of this kind was Galen’s method which divided diseases into hot, cold, moist and dry; made semilar classification of remedies & applied o each disease a remedy from a class of the contrary nature.
78.1.1 Accumlation of blood abstraction of blood want of line tonics.
langind state of animal spirits stimulants.
Sydenham advocates blood letting for preurisy.
78.4.1 Hipporatic method of observing & following the indications of nature. According to this method if in any discase, recovery was proceeded by a critial evaluation - such as a copions sweat - this was assumed to be nature’s method & sudolefics were accordingly resorted to in similar cases. Sydenham says “Spontaneous sweats often did good. But these were very different from forced ones”.
79.1.11 To bring about a cure by inducing artifical sweat, would be like ringing bells & lighting benefires to secure a victory instead to announce one.
79.2.1. The other process included the administration of so called ‘specifies. Such remedies had ben discovered by the merest acident. There was not method behind them and their power to cure was unexplainable.
79.3.1 Hahnemann showed the falling of ‘Rational’ philosophy. Accumulation of blood may be a proximate cause in certain discased condition. Yet these are not the essential cause of the disease, but only results of a cause. So blood lething is only palliative as it only removes the result of cause without removing the essential cause.
80.2.16 When an effect cases we may conclude that the cause has ceased to act.
80.4.1 Hahnemann appreicated highly the valve of specifies of with medicine was already in possession, that be concerated his life to the task of discovering a method of increasing their number & of reducing their use to a system.
81.2.1 Bacon, Boyle & Sydeham were speaking about specifics.
82.6.3 Syndehom, was the Moses of the specific method, Hahnemann, the Jordhna of that method who bed the hosts of Aesculapins into the promised land of which the Moses had a glorions vision.
94.2.1 Hah shows that specifies are to be discovered by ascertaining the effects of drugs upon healthy persons. But the profession refused to accept or even to test it, & they denounced him for offering it. This is the anta
87.1.1 Hah perceived that in the dominant school a specific was set apart as adopted to any individual member, indiscriminately, of a large nosological group (of diseases). crichona back was considered specific for Malasia & no account of individual deviations wear taken and so many cases were not cured
89.2.1 But under our method alone is an absolute individualiation of disease, possible.
8.3.3 Hah taught us how to discover & apply & showed us the nessicty of applying on individual specific to each individual case of d/s.
894.1 Hah taught the value of subjective symptoms (those symptoms of which the physician becomes cognizant through the sensibilities of the patient) But the allopaths disregarded them. According to prof. Bock (‘Diagnosis’ - 1853) - the subjective symptoms are in the highest degree uncertain & treachersons.
91.1.3 The first evidences of nearly all diseases consist of subjective symptoms.
91.2.3 Allopaths can do nothing with these evidence of dynamic changes. They can only wait ntil the disease becomes well developed & established. This is the weakpoint in old school philosophy.
92.3.1 To Hahnemann belongs the credit of appreciating the use of subjective symptoms and insiting upon the use of single remedy at t a time
93.2.1 Hahn demonstrated the following facts 1) curative power of a remedy is not in the direct rat of its material quantity.
2) Smalles doses of drugs are required to d/s
3) when the symptoms of d/sed orgm are n to those produced in a healthy subject by a drug, then this drug will act curatively.
96.5.1 We have received from the generation of the pupils & successors of Hahn, the blazing torch which the pronethnes of our system, lighted at the altar of External truth. Our honor depends on the care with which we, in turn traurmit it to those who shall follow in.
3. RELATION OF PATHOLOGY TO THERAPEUTICS
99.5.2 Physiology is the science of functions of the healthy, living organism.
Physiological anatomy is the study of tissues and organs of healthy living organism.
Pathology is the science of the abnormal functins of the diseased living body.
Pathological anatomy is the study of morbid tissues & organs of diseased living body.
100.6.1* Dr.Carpenter degines Physiology to be the study of “the phenomena which normally present themselves during the existence of living beings” OR “the phenomena of healthnormal life”.
101.2.1* Vischow says that cell is the ultimate morphological element and there is no life beyond it.
101.3.1* Dr.Carpenter says that cell lives for itself and by itself, attracting / drawing to itself some of the varous substances which are contained in the untritive find in relation with it.
101.4.1* Dr.Bernelt says that untrition is selective attraction.
103.2.1* Sometimes the selective power is lost and attractive power is increased. The pathologist doesn’t study the cause of this alteration which is the essence of d/s.
106.2.10*The seat of d/s is the seat of life which is the selective attraction of all wall. So the treatment must be directed towards it.
110.1.1* Pumping out water is only a pathative management in the case of a leaking ship. The stoppage of leak is the only radical management desciable.
112.4.1* pathology can never be the basis of therapeutics but only an instannent in the practical application of therapeutics.
114.1.1* Totality of symptoms should be made the basis of prescription.
4. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SYMPTOMS OF DRUGS ASD GUIDEES IN DETERMINING THE DOSE
Distinction bet 10 & 20 syms
on consideratin of
a) time : 1O -occurs earlier. 20 occurs later.
b) nature of opposition : 10 excites 20 opposite syms.
c) rank : 10 is of more importance than 20 with regard to prescription.
115.7.1* Hahn says (‘suggestions for ascertaining the curative power of drugs’-1796) : “Most medicines have more than one action; the first a direct action, which gradually changes into the second. 10- direct action 20- indirect opposite action.
eg: Opium - 10 - fearless elevation of spirit
- sensation of strength & high courage
- an imaginative gayety.
20 (after 8/12 hrs)-relaxation, dejection, diffidence
-fear, loss of memory.
116.2.1* Hahn says (‘Fragmenta de vir.Med.Pos-1805) “Simple drugs produce in the healthy body, symptoms peculiar to themselves, but not all at once, nor in one & the same series, nor all in each experiments.
117.3.2* “Under the action of moderate doses, the symptoms of the first order comes enifly into view, less frequenjtly those of the second order.
1st order syms- - most suitable to medical act”.
117.6.1* Note to Aconite (Hahn).
“alternating paroxysms of coldness & heat occur”.
118.1.1* Note to Chamomilla
“earlier paroxysms-Ist order symptoms”.
118.2.1* Note to Ignatia
“Several paroxysms-comprising both orders of symptoms occur”.
118.3.1* Hahnemann’s teachings in this regard are fully given by Dr.C.Wesselhoeft.
118.6.1* In his definition of 10 & 20 syms, Hahn blended the elements of time and of cansation or nature. 20 syms were not an independent series but were 20 by virtue of their relation of opposition in nature to a series of preceeding syms.
119.2.1* Hahn distinctly tells us that the 10 or positive symptoms of drugs are those on which we are to base our prescriptions.
120.2.1* Alternate symptoms- these are not 20. They were occassionally recognized among 10 syms.
eg: Bell-contracted & directed pupils.
Nux Vom- anorexia & great apetite.
122.2.12* Certain syms do not admit of an opposite condition.
eg: Pain, cutaneous eruption, parenchymatous diposit (absence of these means health & not opposite syms).
Such syms can’t be grouped under 10 or 20.
125.1.5* Hahn says “Aconite is one of a few drugs whose 10 action consists in several alternating conditions of chill or coldness and heat.
129.3.1* The appearance or non appearance of opposed series among the syms of a drug depends chiefly if not altogether upon the dose in which the drug was proved.
130.2.1* Dr.C.Hering(1844)-affirms that although 10 & 20 syms appear as opposed to each other, they are all to be regarded as drug symptoms.
130.3.1* Hering’s law of dose
1) When the syms of the case have more resemblence to the earlier (10) syms of the drug, give the lower potencies; or more resemblance to the later effects (20) give higher potency.
2) Syms produced in provings by small doses correspond with the later effects of large doses.
131.3.1* Dr.E.M.Hale (The Dose-1860). If we are to treat the 10 syms of a d/s with the corresponding 10 syms of a drug, then give the smallest dose. Similarly for 20 syms give high dose.
It is based on the assumption that all drugs and all d/s produce w series of syms.
[dunharn expressed his dissent to this view]
132.4.1* Illustratrion by Hale(1874)
eg: information of urinary passages in which congertion of and arrested serection with assation of pain appear later(20)
[Dunham criticises this]
133.2.1* Eventhough in the above eg. we find a successive series of sysms, we can’t group them just by drawing a line in between.
135.5.1* Conclusion: No law for determining dose can be deduced from the relation of opposition or contrariety on the basis of which symptoms have been divided into series of 10 & 20.
5. THE DOSE IN DRUG PROVING
*Action of drugs / symptoms produced
1) Chemical: affirmty between drug & body tissues.
2) Mechanical: (revolutionary)-violent efforts by the organism to eject offending substance.
3) Dynamic: relation of peculiar properties of the drug to the susceptability of living healthy organism.
a) generic- symptoms common to a class
eg: Vomiting of Ars,Cu,Ver,Ant-tart
b) specific- symptoms peculiar to a drug.
eg: Vomiting + characteristics
(b1) Central- syms from large doses.
(b2) peripheral - ,, ,, smaller doses.
138.4.1* Dose
1) Changes the type of symptoms.
2) Changes with susceptability of different provers to same drug.
3) Changes with susceptability of provers to different preparations of the same drug.
140.2.3* Begin the proving with small doses, gradually increasing the quantity until equivocal symptoms appear.
142.L.L* Hempel’s views
1) Drugs should not be proved with alternated substances.
2) The middle & higher potencies don’t produce
reliable syms.
3) Exceptionally, idiosyncrasy may enable the organism to develop symptoms from higher potencies.
154.3.1* Fallacies of drug proving
High potencies may confound imaginary dymptoms with real subjective drug symptoms. Massive doses may clint chemical & mechanical symptoms.
155.1.1* Conclusion
1) Prove the drug both in dilutions & massive doses
2) Proving should be commenced with delutions.
3) Avoid blunting or perverting a keen susceptability, when it is found to exist.
4) Considerable time must be elapsed in proving to see the full effect.
5) Verification of provings by repeated experiments must be done to exclude the fallacies.
6. ALTERNATION OF REMEDIES NO.2
[Dr.J.R.Coxe published a paper on alternation in the February, 1863 issue of American Homoeopathic Review. Dr.Dunham is calling the attention to that approach to aolypharmacy]
156.2.1* Alternation of remedies is incompatible with homoeopathic principles. Our practice has not yet come upto our theory, only because of lack of knowledge.
157.1.1* Alternation & succession are not identical. Alternation means the prescription, at one and the same time, of 2 OR more remedies succession is equivalent to the prescriptions for a number of new cases.
158.4.1* Case of pleurisy: Bry is given. When the unimprovement ceases, the case is reexamined and sulphur is given, based on the indications. Succession of this type is truly homoeopathic. Another case of a/c tonsilitis: Bell, Merc, Acon, Coff are given. Each one is to be followed in series. Alternation of this type is objectionable because the physician cannot predict the end effect of Bell on this particular case to be a suitable indication for mercurious.
159.3.1* �272(4th edn)- It is not reequisite to employ more than one medicine at a time.
� �167-169 If a remedy is exactly similar, single dose of it will suffice. Succession of remedies may be required when we are dealing with partially similar remedies.
160.L.1* The name & practice of Hahnemann, Brenning hansen & Hering have been adduced in support of alternation.
Dr.Cox’s reference on Hahnemann
He says that Hahnemann cured a case by the alternative use of Bryonia Pulsatilla.
[Dunham states that it is a misinterpretation by Dr.Coxe]
* Hahnemann (Materia Medica Pura-3rd edn-1838) published 2 independent cases of Bry Puls.
[Dr.Coxe might have blended it!].
Another statment is that Hahnemann used Bry & RT alkternately with success. A referrece to the article ”Treatmento of the Typhus or Hospital Fever at present prevailing” (published by Hahnemann in 1814 and translated by Dr.Dudgeon among “Hahnemann’s lesser writings”) will show how erroneous the statement is.
160.4.1* Hahn says “Fever has w stages,
I: Pains & consciousness. No turnal restlessness heat & thirst in this stage may indicate Bry.If the amendment produced by single dose of Bry goes off in the course of 2/3/4 days & pt complains of shooting pain in one or other parts of the body, whilst the part is at rest + prostration + anorexia + harassing cough + threatened paralysis, give Rhus tox.
II: If the d/s passes to this 2nd stage of delirium & mania, than Hyoscyamns will meet the indications.
162.5.1* The substance of these detailed instanctions is that generic symptoms of d/s are always accompanied in the commencement by one or the other of two groups of characteristic symptoms.
163.1.1* Hahnemann (in the introduction to spongia) says “Ham has found in symptom 145, the most remarkable applicability of spongia in membranous roup, however the local inflammation been subdved by small dose of Aconite. After spongia there may be such a modification as to call instead or subsequently for Hepar sulphuris.
163.3.1* The best method is to prescribe after seening the patient. When the physician is under the disadvantage of never seing the patient, the following method, adopted by Hahnemann with reference to hospital typhus, is helpful. (It is the method of Boenning hansen in treating croup)
Give explicit instructions.
 Describe to the client, the synmptoms that will probably be present in each stage of d/s.
 Tell him which remedy is to be given in each stage.
Instinct him to give only on eremedy at a time & never to repeat the dose or to give any other remedy, until amelisration persist.
[Dr.Boenninghansen’s well known ‘croup powders’ consisted of s packets. Acon, Spongia, Hepar(again) Spong, Hepar]
164.4.1* Dr.Bownning hansen doesnot regard his method of treating croup0 as an alternation of remedies Dr.Hering’s vewis are also similar.
Conclusion: [Thus we see that Hahnemann, Boenninghausen & Hering have never done alternation of remedies in the time sense. More over they opposed it.]
7. ALTERNATION OF REMEDIES NO.2
[This lecture is given by Dunhan when he came to know that his remarks on Coxe’s article aroused enough misunderstanding].
166.1.15* Statements of general principles
1) The business of the physician is to cure the patient. Like allopaths, Homoeopathists who mix medicines, whether in the tumbler or in the patient’s stomach (conglomerators or alternators) do often “cure” their patients.
2) From the ethical stand point it may be concluded that it is better to have erred & cured, than never to have cured at all. But the mind of a man of science must be stored with an array of facts careully observed by others as well as by himself.
5 types of mental process possible in a physician who had performed a cure.
168.4.1* 1) One thinks of the cure as a lucky accident (giving ledum).
2) One thinks that the cure occurred due to the alternation of Bryoinia & Sepia done by him. Further he arrives at the conclusion that two partially similar remedies will cure a case, if they are given in alternation.
3) One thinks that the cure happened because he give lachesis which covered the whole case, instead of alternating Bell & Mercurius which weak parlially similar in case of angina. From this he learns that alternation is equally wrong like the polypharmacy of old school and results will be obtained if sound principles are followed in practice.
4) The symptoms of the patient indicated colough. But the pt. in addition had an elalarged ovary. The physician has never heard of this symptom in connection with colouguth. Even then he gave that medicine based on his knowledge that individual man is not an aggregation of independent monads and thereby learned the unity of d/s.
5) The symptoms of patient indicated cyclamen. But the chief complaint of dysmenorrhoea associated with other female sexual complaints were not found in the Materia Medica Pura under cyclamen. Instead this complaint was found recorded under pulsatilla. Cyclamen was given with the faith that future provings will develop the femald sexual symptoms of cyclamen. The case speadily recovered and the physician learned that in many cases alternation is thought of, when the whole case is not covered by a single remedy. But in many such cases, the real characteristic symptoms will be fully met by a single remedy.
172.3.4* Dr.Hamley says “The homoeopathic system bases itself not on theories but on faits as they are observed in the world of man. It frees its disciples from all dogmas & simply asks them to look & see.”
But what we see is Hawley giving Bryonia and Sepia in alternation. From this he and the London Homowopathic Review concludes tha the use of remedies in alternation is better than “the use of a single remedy and cases now & then which can only be cured by such alternation”. This is a broad generalisation on a very narrow basis. We can accept them as facts, as it proves that, cases may be cured by alternation. But it never proves that a more rapid cure by a single remedy is impossible.
175.3.1* The term alternation is used in different senses as follows.
1) Dr.J.R.Coxe, scouts the idea of any real distinction between alternation & succession.
eg: A patient recovering under Merc. cor in dysentery is attacked by rheumatism and Rhus tox given. Similarly Euphrasia was given for measles during convalescence. This is not alternation, bu succession which is homoeopathic.
2) Dr.Quin practices alternation -a- priori [true alternation which is unhomoeopathic] and defends alternation -a- posteriori [succession which is homoeopathic].
3) Dr.Dysdale defines alternation to be “the giving of a second medicine while the sphere of action of the first is still unexhausted.
But Drysdale, in many cases, used to re-examine the case before second prescription. So it is not true alternation.
177.2.1* What do we mean by alternation
[The true alternations is illustrated by the prescriptions of Dr.Johd Doe & Dr.Busy . Res text]
180.3.1* Hahn says in Materia Medica Pura of alternating Aconite & Coffea in his introduction to Bell. But he also gives instructions to distinguish between them.
Aconite-heat, increasing restlessness, agonising anxiety.
Coffea-over excessive pains with a lachymose humour. London Homoeopathic Review omitted this last part & published it to favour alternation.
182.L.1* Conditions of true homoeopathic prescription
1) Before every prescription, the symptoms of the patient shall be studied a new.
2) The totality of symptoms must not be divided arbitorily into groups to select analogues to be given in combination or alternation.
3) Proved drug is to be selected. Sulphur & Calc.carb in combination will never work instead of Hepar Sulph.
Definition of homoeopathic prescription.
185.2.1* A homoeopathic prescription is a deduction from a generalisation which has been established by induction from a multitude of instances.
Why do we oppose alternation
185.3.3 *1) It doesn’t meet the requirements of the law.
2) It doesn’t take the aggregate of symptoms as the single basis of prescription.
3) It doesn’t give the remedy single & simple such as it was used in the proving.
186.2.1 *The advocates & defenders of alternation are naturally divided into 2 classes.
1) defend alternation on the simple ground of experience.
2) defend alternation on principle.
(a)for meeting complications
eg: dr.Drysdale mentions of an instance of a case of phenomena (indicating Phosph) with a treumatic complication such as turn in hand (indicating urtica urens)with a contused vulva (indicating Arnica) and milk fever (indicating Aconite).
In the above case, if the turn is not so severe as to cause any modification of symptoms or complications, simple protection from atmospheric air will be neede.
187.L.L * If on the other hand, the burn is serious, it can be well managed by an internal remedy. [topical applications must not be recurred in haste]
2) (b) The second principle on which the alternation (of Dr.Drysdale) rests is “the maintaining of susceptability, or awakening of exhausted susceptability.
189.3.1 * eg: case of dysentry clearly indicating Nux Vom or Mercurius. When improvement ceases with one of these remedies, Opium is given to “arouse the susceptability”. This may succeed in many cases, but the rationals of the process is by no means satisfactory to us.
190.2.6 * [Dunham opposes the above mehtod with the following experience in his practice]
A patient with constipation having indication of conium mac. Opium has been used intermedicately to arouse the susceptability. But the remedy, later selected, Alumina did the work of both. Such an ‘Alumina’ will be present in the Materia Medica, which would effect a cure in as few days as the most sangiune alternate would expect to accomplish it in months.
195.1.1 * 2 types of medical philosophers
1) Analytic philosophers
will viewed in History both physiological & pathological.
alternation exclusively directed to material changes. They overlook 2 points.
(a) there must have been a change in vital force proceeding every structural change.
(b) sympathy of vital force by which arise modification in functions of the body along with alteration in tissues.
194.2.1 * dr.Cate tells of alternating Merc.cor and sulphur for inflammation spreading from mucous coat to peritoneal coa.
197.2.5 * It gives rise to the uncertainity of double hyphothesis.
1st to assume that inflammation has extended from mucous to serous membrane.
Specific relation to the tissue was considered as the basis of drug action and attempt was made to reconstruct the Materia Medica Pura [American Materia Medica]
199.1.7 * If we find clear characteristics of any drug in the symptoms of any organ of the body no matter what symptoms may be presented by other parts of the body, and no matter how little these latter symptoms may seem to indicate this same drug. We never dream of alternating remedies. We thoroughly believe in the unity of disease.
2) Synthetic philosophers
They underestimate structural changes. They study the pervession of vital force in its various manifestations ie, the symptoms. They don’t admit hypothesis into there method.
202.3.1* 2.principles on which altternation has been sought to be defended
1) Each drug has its own sphere & manner of action.
2) Alternated remedies act by virtue of their homoeopathicity.
Principle 1) may also be stated as follows.
A d/s has its own specific sphere & manner of action.
Corollary: 2 or more d/s can coexist in the body without affecting each other. Similarly 2 or more drugs.....[This is the idea of Dr.Drysdale and Dr. Russel]
It follows that medicines can be proved even on sick persons. But Dr. Russel et.al mpt accepting clinical symptoms. Typhus & small pox having their separate course simultaneously has been quoted by Dr.Murchison.
210.5.1 * Alternation leads to laxity of practice. Noo one who deals conscientiously with himself will deliberately approve of so simple a method of evading the difficulty of choice.
214.L.1 “I will take no man’s liberty of judgement from him; neither shall any man take mine from me. And what measure I meet to others, I expect from them again” (Bishop chillingulsth)
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS
Essays
* Relation of science of therapeutics to pathology. [‘96,’01]
* Alternation of remedies-arguements [‘94]
* Antagonism between Homoeopathy & Allopathy [‘98]
Short notess
* Vis medicatrix natural [‘94]
* Spinal stimuli [‘96]
INDEX
* American Materia Medica [42] * Analytic philosophers
* Causa sublata tollitur effectus [4]
* Connecting links [6]
* Conditions of a science of therapeutics [6]
* Characteristic symptoms [12.13]
* Definition - alternation [38]
-characteristic symptoms
- homoeopathic prescription [39]
- therapeutics [1]
* Double hypothesis [42]
* Domam of the science of therapeutics [4]
* Essential cause [19]
* Fallacis of drug proving [30] * General stimuli [3]
* Hering’s law of dose [27] * Proximate cause [19]
* Synthetic philosopher [43] * Tolle causum [6]
* Vis medicatrix nature [3]
Personalitis quoted
* Autuste Comte [8] * Hufeland [15]
* Prof.Bennet [9] * E.M.Hale [28]
* Dr.Bernett [23] * Dr.Howley [37]
* Bishop Chillinguirth [44] * Prof.Hecker [17]
* Dr. Carpenter [23] * Jogh stuart Mill [8,11]
* Dr.J.R.Coxe [31] * Dr.Quin [38]
* Sir.John Forbes [15] * Dr.Waessel hoeft [26]
* Prof.Bock [21] * Dr.Drysdale [38]