Processes That Shape the Earth:
Matching: Place the letter that best defines the numbered term in the correct place on your answer
sheet. (5 points each)
A. atmosphere J 1. breaking down of rocks and other materials on the earth�s surface
B. chemical weathering I 2. weathering in which the chemical makeup of rocks does not change C. core G 3. solid part of the earth
D. crust H 4. thick layer of rock below the crust
E. erosion A 5. envelope of gases surrounding the earth
F. hydrosphere D 6. thin, solid outer layer of the earth
G. lithosphere B 7. weathering in which the chemical makeup of rocks changes
H. mantle E 8. process by which weathered material is moved from one place to
another
I. mechanical weathering C 9. inner layer of the earth
J. weathering F 10. part of the earth that is water
A 11. The part of the earth that is made mostly of iron A. core B. mantle C. crust D. lithosphere
B 12. The part of the earth that has a outer liquid layer and an inner solid layer
A. crust B. core C. mantle D. lithosphere
C 13. Type of weathering that causes potholes A. temperature changes B. root action
C. ice wedging D. chemical
D 14. Chemical reaction of carbonic acid with minerals A. oxidation B. hydrolysis C. mechanical
A 15. A chemical change between oxygen and another substance A. oxidation B. hydrolysis
C. mechanical D. carbonation
B 16. Pile of rocks and rock particles that collects at the base of a slope A. mass movement B. talus
C. loess D. tributary
C 17. Deposits of wind-blown dust A. mass movement B. talus C. loess D. tributary
D 18. Small stream that flows into the main stream of a river A. mass movement B. talus
C. loess D. tributary
A 19. Rock material deposited by a glacier A. till B. sea arch C. hanging valley D. sea stack
B 20. Gap formed when waves cut completely through a section of rock A. till B. sea arch
C. hanging valley D. sea stack
Reading and Interpreting: Read the following passage and answer questions 21-25.
Imagine a huge cloud of black dust almost 10 km high. A cloud this big could block the sun and turn day into night. On April 14, 1935, a huge dust cloud darkened the skies from Oklahoma to New York. The day became known as "Black Sunday". But the dust clouds had more catastrophic effects than a day without sunshine.
During the 1930�s, huge dust clouds blew across parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Arkansas. This area became known as the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl covered more than 20 million hectacres. The amount of food produced by crops decreased dramatically. There were many hungry people, dependent on the produce that could no longer be grown.
What caused the Dust Bowl? Ranchers let their cattle overgraze the land. Without much grass, the soil
could be carried away by wind and water. Farmers plowed their land to plant wheat. The farming methods they used were poor. Also, there was a long period without rain. Wind blowing across the dry fields carried away millions of tons of topsoil. Topsoil is the layer of soil in which plants grow. Without a layer of good topsoil, the land could not be used for farming. Many people left the Dust Bowl. They could no longer grow crops. They could no longer feed their families. They moved to other states to find a new way of life.
B 21. According the the passage, what caused the Dust Bowl to form?
A. Farmers planted the wrong kind of crops B. There was little rain and the win blew away the dry topsoil
C. People moved from the area and left the land D. There was too much grass in the area
A 22. It can be inferred from the passage that A. the Dust Bowl was formed by erosion B. the Dust Bowl resulted solely as a result of human intervention C. The Dust Bowl was a natural phenomenon
D. the Dust Bowl only affected a small area of the United States
C 23. In the passage, what is meant by the word catastrophic? A. beneficial B. disastrous C. useful
D. helpful
D 24. What does the passage imply about the effects of the Dust Bowl? A. some people were forced to leave their farms when the farms failed to produce crops B. cattle ranchers became farmers to grow more crops C. topsoil is the easiest layer to weather by wind and water D. poor planning and care for the land may affect many people, and have lingering effects
B 25. What would be a good title for this passage? A. Greedy Cows B. An Empty Bowl
C. Black Sunday D. Farmers Without Land