Proto- Migration Root Tracking Chart

This is a word tracking chart, since with 6600 years of sound changes, things can get very confusing for the historical linguist as they check the sound changes of the languages from the great migration until the advent of Proto-Drem. Here the Charts are divided into 2 mains sections, those that stop in a stop {p,t,k,b,d,g} and those that stop in a nasal {m,n,N,J,mb,nd}. The nasal /nc/ was always initial since it required a high front vowel right after the /c/; so the /nc/ is always seen syllable initial.

Also each main section is broken into separate ‘nucleus’ charts, as the nucleus represents the vowel that is in the center of each vowel. The vowels as they were at the time of Proto-Migration were {i,e,E,a,O,o,u}.

The overall syllables chosen for this is the standard CVC and CVCV seen very commonly throughout history for those 6600 years. By the time of Proto-Drem, the syllables had become VC, VCV, CVC and CVCV, nearly all of them staying the same except for those which had an initial /k/ sound. The VC and VCV roots are almost 9% of roots, so still a small minority. In these roots, at the prefix-root border, sometimes an epenthetic consonant /n/ is inserted or the vowel cluster is left as is. CV-VCV or CV-(C)VCV

STOP is Final

/i/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pik	p_hik	p\ik	fik	vig	big
/p/ V_V	bipa	b_hib@	Bib@	vibb@	vi?b@	bib_<@:
/b/	bik	b_hik	Bik	vik	vik	big
/b/ V_V	kiba	k_hib@	xib@	hibb@	?i?b@	ib_<@:
/t/	tik	tj@k	tsj@k	tsak	sak	sag
/t/ V_V	tite	tj@de	tsj@d@	tsadd@	sa?d@	sad_<@:
/d/	dig
/d/ V_V	dida	did@	di4@	dir@	dir@	dila
/c/	cig	tj@g	ts\j@g	ts\ag	tsag	sag
/k/	kiba	k_hib@	xib@	hibb@	?i?b@	ib_<@:
/k/ V_V	kike	k_hige	xig@	higg@	?i?g@	ig_<@:
/g/	git
/g/ V_V	giga	giGe	gige	gigge	gi?ge	gig_<e
/m/	mit
/mb/	mbit	mpit	pit	bit	b_nit	mbit
/n/	nid
/n/ V_V	nina	nil@	nil_j@	niL@	niZ@	niSa
/nd/	ndid	ndj@d	ndz\@d	ndZad	Jad	Jag
/J/	Jib	ndj@b	ndZj@b	ndZab	Jab	Jab
/nc/	ncib	ntj@b	ntsj@b	ntsab	ntab	ndab
/N/	Nig
/N/ V_V	kiNa	k_hiNg@	xi~g@	higg@	?i?g@	ig_<a:
/j/	jip
/j/ V_V	kiji	k_hiZi	xiZi	hiSi	?iSi	isi
/j/ Final	kij	k_hii	xi:	hi:	?i:	i

/e/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pek	p_hek	p\ek	fek	veg	beg
/p/ V_V	pepa	p_heb@	p\eb@	febb@	ve?b@	beb_<@:
/b/	bek	b_hek	Bek	vek	vek	beg
/b/ V_V	keba	k_heb@	xeb@	hebb@	?e?b@	eb_<@:
/t/	tek	tek	Tek	Tek	Dek	deg
/t/ V_V	tete	tete	tede	Tedd@	De?d@	ded_<@
/d/	deg
/d/ V_V	deda	ded@	de4@	der@	der@	dela
/c/
/k/	keba	k_heb@	xeb@	hebb@	?e?b@	eb_<@:
/k/ V_V	keke	k_hege	xeg@	hegg@	?e?g@	eg_<@:
/g/	get
/g/ V_V	gega	geGe	gege	gegge	ge?ge	geg_<e
/m/	met
/mb/	mbet	mpet	pet	bet	b_net	mbet
/n/	ned
/n/ V_V	nena	nel@	nel_j@	neL@	neZ@	neSa
/nd/	nded	nted	ted	ded	d_ned	nded
/J/	Jeb	Jeb	Jeb	jeb	jeb	Jeb
/nc/
/N/	Neg
/N/ V_V	keNa	k_heNg@	xe~g@	hegg@	?e?g@	eg_<a:
/j/	jep
/j/ V_V	keji	k_heZi	xeZi	heSi	?eSi	esi
/j/ Final	kej	k_hei	xe:	he:	?e:	e:

/E/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pEk	p_hEk	p\Ek	fEk	vEg	beg
/p/ V_V	pEpa	p_hEb@	p\Eb@	fEbb@	vE?b@	beb_<@:
/b/	bEk	b_hEk	BEk	vEk	vEk	beg
/b/ V_V	kEba	k_hEb@	xEb@	hEbb@	?E?b@	eb_<@:
/t/	tEk	t_hEk	TEk	TEk	DEk	deg
/t/ V_V	tEte	t_hEte	TEde	TEdd@	DEdd@	ded_<@
/d/	dEg
/d/ V_V	dEda	dEd@	dE4@	dEr@	dEr@	dela
/c/
/k/	kEba	k_hEb@	xEb@	hEbb@	?E?b@	eb_<@:
/k/ V_V	kEke	k_hEge	xEg@	hEgg@	?E?g@	eg_<@:
/g/	gEt
/g/ V_V	gEga	gEGe	gEge	gEgge	gE?ge	geg_<e
/m/	mEt
/mb/	mbEt	mpEt	pEt	bEt	b_nEt	mbet
/n/	nEd
/n/ V_V	nEna	nEl@	nEl_j@	nEL@	nEZ@	neSa
/nd/	ndEd	ntEd	tEd	dEd	d_nEd	nded
/J/	JEb	JEb	JEb	jEb	jEb	Jeb
/nc/
/N/	NEg
/N/ V_V	kENa	k_hENg@	xE~g@	hEgg@	?E?g@	eg_<a:
/j/	jEp
/j/ V_V	tEji	t_hEZi	TEZi	TESi	DESi	desi
/j/ Final	pEj	p_hEi	p\e:	fe:	ve:	be:

/a/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pak	p_hak	p\ak	fak	vag	bag
/p/ V_V	papa	p_hab@	p\ab@	fabb@	va?b@	bab_<@:
/b/	bak	b_hak	Bak	vak	vak	bag
/b/ V_V	kaba	k_hab@	xab@	habb@	?a?b@	ab_<@:
/t/	tak	tak	Tak	Tak	Dak	dag
/t/ V_V	tate	t_hade	Tad@	Tadd@	Da?d@	dad_<@:
/d/	dag
/d/ V_V	pada	p_had@	p\a4@	far@	var@	bala
/c/
/k/	kaba	k_hab@	xab@	habb@	?a?b@	ab_<@:
/k/ V_V	take	t_hage	Tag@	Tagg@	Da?g@	dag_<@:
/g/	daga	dage	daGe	dage	dagh	dahe
/g/ V_V	mbaga	mpaGe	page	bagge	b_na?ge	mbag_<e
/m/	mat
/mb/	mbat	mpat	pat	bat	b_nat	mbat
/n/	nad
/n/ V_V	nana	nal@	nal_j@	naL@	naZ@	naSa
/nd/	ndad	ntad	tad	dad	d_nad	ndad
/J/	Jab	Jab	Jab	jab	jab	Jab
/nc/
/N/	Nag
/N/ V_V	kaNa	k_haNg@	xa~g@	hagg@	?a?g@	ag_<a:
/j/	jap	Zap	Zap	Sap	Sap	sab
/j/ V_V	jaja	j@j@	jj@	?J\@	J\_<a:	J_<a:
/j/ Final	paj	p_hai	p\e:	fe:	ve:	be:

/O/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pOk	p_hOk	p\Ok	fauk	vawk	ba:g
/p/ V_V	pOpa	p_hOb@	p\Ob@	faubb@	vaw?b@	ba:b_<@:
/b/	bOk	b_hOk	BOk	vauk	vawk	ba:g
/b/ V_V	kOba	k_hOb@	xOb@	haubb@	?aw?b@	a:b_<@:
/t/	tOk	tOk	TOk	Tauk	Dawk	da:g
/t/ V_V	tOte	tOde	TOd@	Taudd@	Daw?d@	da:d_<@:
/d/	dOg
/d/ V_V	dOda	dOd@	dO4@	daur@	dawr@	d a:ra
/c/
/k/	kOba	k_hOb@	xOb@	haubb@	?aw?b@	a:b_<@:
/k/ V_V	kOke	k_hOge	xOg@	haugg@	?aw?g@	a:g_<@:
/g/	gOt
/g/ V_V	gOga	gOGe	gOge	gaugge	gaw?ge	ga:g_<e
/m/	mOt
/mb/	mbit	mpOt	pOt	baut	b_nawt	mb a:t
/n/	nOd
/n/ V_V	nOna	nOl@	nOl_j@	nauL@	nawZ@	na:Sa
/nd/	ndOd	ntOd	tOd	daud	d_nawd	nd a:d
/J/	JOb	JOb	JOb	jaub	jawb	Ja:b
/nc/
/N/	NOg
/N/ V_V	kONa	k_hONg@	xO~g@	haugg@	?aw?g@	a:g_<a:
/j/	jOp
/j/ V_V	tOji	t_hOZi	TOZi	TauSi	DawSi	da:si
/j/ Final	pOj	p_hOi	p\9:	f9:	vE:	be:

/o/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	pok	p_hok	p\ok	fok	vog	bog
/p/ V_V	popa	p_hob@	p\ob@	fobb@	vo?b@	bob_<@:
/b/	bok	b_hok	Bok	vok	vok	bog
/b/ V_V	koba	k_hob@	xob@	hobb@	?o?b@	ob_<@:
/t/	tok	tok	Tok	Tok	Dok	dog
/t/ V_V	tote	tode	Tod@	Todd@	Do?d@	dod_<@:
/d/	dog
/c/
/k/	koba	k_hob@	xob@	hobb@	?o?b@	ob_<@:
/k/ V_V	koke	k_hoge	xog@	hogg@	?o?g@	og_<@:
/g/	koke
/g/ V_V	goga	goGe	goge	gogge	go?ge	gog_<e
/m/	mot
/mb/	mbot	mpot	pot	bot	b_not	mbod
/n/	nod
/n/ V_V	nona	nol@	nol_j@	noL@	noZ@	noSa
/nd/	ndod	ntod	tod	dod	d_nod	ndod
/J/	Job	Job	Job	job	job	Job
/nc/
/N/	Nog
/N/ V_V	koNa	k_hoNg@	xo~g@	hogg@	?o?g@	og_<a:
/j/	jop
/j/ V_V	toji	t_hoZi	ToZi	ToSi	DoSi	dosi
/j/ Final	poj	p_hoi	p\9:	f9:	vE:	be:

/u/ Syllable nucleus

Initial	Pro-Mig	SouMig	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	Pro-Drm
/p/	puk	p_huk	p\uk	fuk	vug	bug
/p/ V_V	pupa	p_hub@	p\ub@	fubb@	vu?b@	bub_<@:
/b/	buk	b_huk	Buk	vuk	vuk	bug
/b/ V_V	kuba	k_hub@	xub@	hubb@	?u?b@	ub_<@:
/t/	tuk	tuk	Tuk	Tuk	Duk	dug
/t/ V_V	tute	tude	Tud@	Tudd@	Du?d@	dud_<@:
/d/	dug
/d/ V_V	duda	did@	du4@	dur@	dur@	dula
/c/
/k/	kuba	k_hub@	xub@	hubb@	?u?b@	ub_<@:
/k/ V_V	kuke	k_huge	xug@	hugg@	?u?g@	ug_<@:
/g/	gut
/g/ V_V	guga	guGe	guge	gugge	gu?ge	gug_<e
/m/	mut
/mb/	mbut	mput	put	but	b_nut	mbud
/n/	nud
/n/ V_V	nuna	nul@	nul_j@	nuL@	nuZ@	nuSa
/nd/	ndud	ntud	tud	dud	d_nud	ndud
/J/	Jub	Jub	Jub	jub	jub	Jub
/nc/
/N/	Nug
/N/ V_V	kuNa	k_huNg@	xu~g@	hugg@	?u?g@	ug_<a:
/j/	jup
/j/ V_V	tuji	t_huZi	TuZi	TuSi	DuSi	dusi
/j/ Final	puj	p_hui	p\wi	f	v	b

Labialization chart

Initial	Pro-Wst	OldCoa	ModCoa	ProDrm
/p/	p_wi	pi:	pi
/b/	b_wi	bGi	bgi	gbi
/t/	t_wi	tsi	si	hi
/d/	d_wi	Di	Di	di
/k/	k_wi	xwi	Wi	wi
/g/	g_wi	Gi	gi
/Nk/	Nk_wi	Nxwi	NWi	Nwi
/Ng/	Ng_wi	NGi	Ngi
/n/	n_wi	ni:	ni
/nt/	nt_wi	ntsi	nti
/m/	m_wi	mi:	mi
/mb/	mb_wi	bGi	bgi	gbi

NASAL is Final