Beautiful Venus

a. What is a markup?

A document can be defined in terms of its structure; with elements such as headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, diagrams and so on … Markup is simply to define these elements and provide a specific tag to markup each element.

b. What is hypertext and hypermedia?

Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts. Hypermedia is a similar concept and includes graphics, sound and video. Surfing the web is made possible by hyperlinks which allows access to other documents on the web.

Here is a typical example of a hyperlink markup:

c. What is a doctype and why is it important to include it in every HTML document?

doctype declaration specifies the version of HTML and it should always be included as the first line of code. Browsers will attempt to render documents without a doctype with their so called “ quick mode ” with possible unexpected results

d. What language can be used to style web documents?

Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is a mechanism for adding style to Web documents.

e. Which elements are required for a valid XHTML5 document?

The structure of an HTML document is simple; it starts with a doctype declaration for the version of HTML being used, followed by an html element which has the head and the body elements nested within it. The title element nested within the head element is the only other required element.

f. What is a self closing HTML element? Give an example?

Some elements have all the data they need in attribute values and are self-closing without an end tag, for example, the <br tag is self-closed with > instead of </ br >.

g. What is XML and why is it important to web developers?

Because it is essential for well structured documents that are easier to develop and maintain.

h. Describe 4 XML rules?

  1. Elements must be properly nested.
  2. Elements must have a start and end tag.
  3. Element names are case-sensitive.
  4. Attribute values must be enclosed in double quotation marks.
  5. Attributes may not be repeated.

i. What is the difference bwtween a "well-formed" and a valid web document?