11-23-02
Period 3
Revolutions and Nationalism Study Guide
Chapter 19
1. Suffrage-The right to vote. 1792 the right to vote was given to all men not only the priority land owners. The first vote was to abolish the Monarchy and change France into a Republic.
2. Sans-culottes � These are the working men and women that pushed the French revolution into more radical directions. They had help from people in the Legislative Assembly which helped them spread their ideas.
3. Abdicate � To take the thrown by choice or power. Napoleon abdicated the French thrown.
4. Deficit spending � When a government spends more money than it can make. The financial crisis happened due to the social unrest and deficit spending.
5. Plebiscite- Were voters vote yes or no on a subject. Napoleon would have this plebiscite and people would agree on the subjects he suggested.
6. Blockade- Napoleon tried defeating the British by setting up blockades to cut off British supplies. A blockade involves shutting off ports to keep people supplies from moving in or out.
7. Bourgeoisie- The middle class of society. They were at the top of the Third Estate. They included the bakers, the merchants, and manufacturers who enhanced the French economy.
8. Nationalism � The aggressive feeling of pride in and devotion to one�s country was nationalism, and it spread through France.
9. �migr� � the nobles.
10. Louis XVI � Left France after the Seven year war.
11. Clemens von Metternich � Created the Concert of Europe which was a peacekeeping organization.
12. Napoleon � Napoleon dominated France and Europe from 1799 to 1815. He was on of the great militaristic leaders of all time. He became the Emperor of France and many years later was exiled to Elba.
13. Olympe de Gouges � was a journalist that demanded equal rights for men and women in the Declaration of Women.
14. Robespierre � Robespierre was a lawyer and politician. Rose quickly to become leader of the Committee of Public Safety and promoted religious tolerance and sought to end slavery.
15. Jacques Louis David � He made portraits of Napoleon and his works of are help portray the French revolution.
16. Who denounced Fr. Rev? Why? � Napoleon declared that the French revolution was over when he gained power and decided that it was over.
17. Reign of Terror � The reign of terror began in July 1793 and lasted until July 1974. 40,000 people died due to hasty trials. 15% of the nobles and 15% of the middle class supported the French Revolution.
18. Napoleon annexed who? � Napoleon annexed the papal states.
19. Congress of Vienna � This was a meeting of the outer British countries that had not been conquered by Napoleon.
Chapter 23
1. Alexander II � during the Crimean War in 1855 Alexander II gained the thrown. The war happened after the Russian attempted to take Ottoman land.
2. Francis Joseph � He became ruler at the age of 18 and lasted until 1916. Austria was finally conquered by France and Sardinia in 1859.
3. Giuseppe Garibaldi � He was an ally of Mazzini and was a nationalist. Wanted a Italian republic.
4. Otto von Bismarck � Otto became the new power in Europe, he applied the same ruthless method he used on the achieve unification as he did on the domestic front.
5. William II � He became emperor in 1888. He believed that he had a divine right to rule.
6. Camillo Cavour � had supreme power of Sardinia. He would stop at nothing to get what he wanted.
7. Anarchist � Socialists organized strikes while people who want to abolish all government turned to sabotage and violence.
8. Refugee � A refugee is a person fleeing their homeland to avoid persecution.
9. Pogrom � Pogrom was encouraged violence on Jewish people.
10. Realpolitik � Which mean realistic politics. A master at realpolitik was Bismarck.
11. Zemstvo � Zemstvo were elected assemblies in Alexander�s local governments. They
12. were responsible for matters such as road repair, school, and agriculture.
13. Economic development in Germany � The economical development in Germany went up and down for many years.
14. Nationalism threatened? who? (which country the most) � The Hapsburg threatened nationalism. Francis Joseph thought that a change in Austrian government and Austria�s nationalism slowly crumbled.
15. Revolution of 1905 � Workers in cities took over local government spots. Nicholas was forced to announce reforms. He also created a Duma or Elected National Legislature.