12-4-02
Period 3
Chapter 20 Outline
A. A Turning Point in History
1. 1750�s people worked land with hand made tools.
2. 1850�s many villages were turned into industrial towns.
3. During this time many industrial travelers moved across the land faster during the industrial age due to the train and steamships.
B. A New Agricultural Revolution
1. The industrial revolution was helped by changes in the farming fields of Western Europe.
2. 300 years ago a second agricultural revolution happened which improved farm products greatly.
C. Improved methods or farming
1. Dutch led in agricultural revolution.
2. 1700�s British farmers modified Dutch inventions.
3. Educated farmers wrote of their experiments in farm journals.
D. Enclosure movement
1. enclosure- the process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmer.
2. Millions of acres of farms were enclosed.
3. small farms were taken over by large landowners.
4. poor farm workers moved to the city and formed a growing labor force.
E. The Population Explosion
1. The population explosion was helped by the boom in the agricultural revolution.
2. Britain�s population was 9 million and Frances population was 26 million in 1789.
3. The rising population in the 1700�s was due to the decline in death rates.
F. An Energy Revolution
1. The energy revolution helped spark the industrial revolution.
2. 1700�s inventers found ways to make water power more efficiently.
Lesson 2
Britain Leads the Way
A. Why Britain?
1. Britain had plentiful coal and iron for the factories during the industrial revolution.
2. The agricultural revolution put a lot of men and women out of work so Britain had a surplus of workers to help mine and build.
3. Overseas trade helped the British economy grow which allowed business to expand.
B. The Age of Iron and Coal
1. The new technology in the iron industry help the industrial revolution.
2. Darby family were the leaders in the development in Britain�s iron industry.
3. Darby experimented and discovered better-quality and cheaper iron.
C. Revolutionary Changes in the Textile Industry
1. British merchants developed a putting out system.
2. They gave the raw cotton to peasant families so they could spin it into cloth.
3. John Kay invented the flying shuttle which increased productivity.
4. Factories- place in which workers and machines are brought together to produce large quantities of goods.
D. Revolution in Transportation
1. Turnpike- which were privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers to use them
2. The greatest transportation invention of this time was the steam locomotive.
3. Scottish builders were the first to build a paddle wheel steamboat.
E. Looking Ahead
1. During the industrial revolution inventors had to invent new machines to help produces large quantities of goods and more efficiently.
2. When supplies flourished the prices of the items went down.
3. The industrial revolution changed the lives of millions of people.
Lesson 3
Hardships of Early Industrial Life
A. A. The New Industrial City
1. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization
2. Manchester was the center of the textile industry
3. urbanization- a movement of people to cities.
B. The Factory System
1. The factory system was very different from working on the farms.
2. Women made up the majority of the work force.
3. Women workers were sometimes even preferred over men.
4. Many factories and mines hired children to work in dangerous conditions and many died while working.
C. Patience Kershaw�s Life Underground.
1. Was miner as a child.
2. She had sisters that also worked in the mines.
D. The Working Class
1. at the beginning of the industrial revolution skilled artist were angry about the new labor-saving machines.
2. 3. Many working class people found comfort in a new religion
E. The New Middle Class
1. Those who benefited most from the industrial revolution were the entrepreneurs who set it in motion
2. Middle-class families lived in solid, well furnished homes
3. Middle-class women were encouraged to become �ladies�
F. Benefits and Problems
1. People debate wither the industrial revolution is a blessing or a curse
2. Some of the disadvantages are low pay, unemployment, and dismal living conditions
3. The advantages are that it brought material benefits
Lesson 4
New Ways pf Thinking
A. Laissez-Faire Economics
1. Adam Smith believed that laissez-faire economics was a good idea.
2. laissez-faire economics is when the government dose not interfere with the economy.
3. 3. They said that the poor had too many children
B. The Unilitarians
1. It is the idea that the goal of society should be �the greatest happiness for the greatest number�
2. One man said that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they promote pain
3. Most middle-class people rejected this idea
C. Emergence of Socialism
1. socialism- the people have the hole rather than the private individuals.
2. Owen became a successful mill owner
D. The �Scientific Socialism� of Karl Marx
1. Karl Marx was a German philosopher
2. Marx sais that economics was the driving force in history
3. At first, The ideas of Marx would have little impact, but later, they had a huge difference in the world