/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// TUTPROG7.CPP - VGA Trainer Program 7 (in Turbo C++ 3.0) //
// //
// "The VGA Trainer Program" is written by Denthor of Asphyxia. However it //
// was limited to only Pascal in its first run. All I have done is taken //
// his original release, translated it to C++ and touched up a few things. //
// I take absolutely no credit for the concepts presented in this code and //
// am NOT the person to ask for help if you are having trouble. //
// //
// Program Notes : This program demonstrates animation. Several of the //
// functions have been converted to assembler. This //
// tutorial is a whopper, so just take your time. //
// //
// If you are compiling this program from within the //
// Turbo C++ environment, you must go under Options, //
// Debugger, and change the "Program Heap Size" to a value //
// 132 or greater. If you are going to be fooling around //
// with the code a bit, I suggest raising this to about //
// 150 just to be on the safe side. You don't have to //
// worry about this if you are compiling command line. //
// //
// Just for reference, this is what I use: //
// //
// tcc tut7 -mc -a -G -2 -O //
// //
// The Compact memory model (-mc) seems to provide the //
// best results for this tutorial. Remember, use this //
// memory model when you have little code (less than 64k) //
// and lots of data. //
// //
// Author : Grant Smith (Denthor) - [email protected] //
// Translator : Christopher G. Mann - [email protected] //
// //
// Last Modified : January 6, 1995 //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// INCLUDE FILES //
// //
#include <alloc.h>
// farcalloc()
#include <conio.h>
// clrscr(), getch(), kbhit()
#include <dos.h>
// FP_SEG, geninterrupt()
#include <iostream.h>
// cout, memmove()
#include <stdlib.h>
// abs(), exit(), randomize(), random()
// //
// TYPEDEFS //
// //
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned int word;
// //
// TOASTER DATA //
// //
const byte FRAME1[] = {
0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
7,7,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,
5,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,5,5,7,7,7,7,7,8,8,7,8,8,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,5,8,8,8,8,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,7,7,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,5,5,5,
5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,7,8,8,7,7,8,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,8,8,8,7,7,8,7,7,8,7,7,7,
7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,8,8,8,7,7,
8,8,8,8,8,8,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,5,7,8,8,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,5,7,7,8,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,5,7,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,8,8,8,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,7,8,8,7,7,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,7,
7,7,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,7,
7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,4,
4,6,6,6,6,6,6,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,3,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
};
const byte FRAME2[] = {
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,5,
5,5,5,5,5,5,5,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,5,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,
5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,1,7,1,4,
4,6,6,6,6,6,6,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,5,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,3,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,
5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,
1,7,7,1,7,1,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,1,7,7,7,1,1,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,1,1,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,
5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
};
const byte FRAME3[] = {
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,7,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,7,1,1,7,7,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,5,5,1,7,7,7,7,5,5,5,5,5,5,
5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,1,7,7,7,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,1,1,1,7,7,
1,1,7,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,7,1,1,7,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,
2,1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,1,7,7,7,7,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,1,1,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,0,7,7,1,7,1,7,1,1,
1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,
7,7,7,7,7,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,
5,5,5,5,5,0,0,0,7,7,0,0,7,7,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,5,5,0,0,5,5,0,5,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,
2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,4,
4,6,6,6,6,6,6,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,3,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
};
// //
// CONSTANTS //
// //
const VGA = 0xa000; // The address of our VGA screen
const ICON = 30*48; // This is the size of our pictures
const NUMTOASTERS = 10; // The maximum number of toasters we have
const NUMCIRCLES = 200; // The number of little circles on the screen
const TRUE = 1;
const FALSE = 0;
// //
// FUNCTION PROTOTYPES //
// //
// GENERAL VIDEO TOOLS
void SetMCGA ();
void SetText ();
void Cls (byte Col, word Where);
void Putpixel (word X, word Y, byte Col, word Where);
void WaitRetrace ();
void Pal (byte Col, byte R, byte G, byte B);
void GetPal (byte Col, byte &R, byte &G, byte &B);
// MID-LEVEL FUNCTIONS
void SetUpVirtual();
void ShutDown ();
void Flip (word source, word dest);
void Putico (word X, word Y, const byte *sprt, word Where);
void Funny_line (int a, int b, int c, int d, word where);
int sgn (int a);
void SetUpScreen ();
void Rotatepal ();
void ScreenTrans (word x, word y);
void NewToaster ();
void Fly ();
// //
// STRUCTURES //
// //
struct Toastinfo {
int x;
int y;
word speed;
word frame;
byte active;
};
// //
// GLOBAL VARIABLE DECLARATIONS //
// //
byte far *Virscr1=NULL, *Virscr2=NULL; // Pointers to both virtual screens
word Vaddr1, Vaddr2; // Segments of both virtual screens
byte ourpal[256][3]; // A virtual pallette
Toastinfo toaster[NUMTOASTERS]; // The toaster info
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// MAIN FUNCTION //
// //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void main() {
randomize(); // Make sure that the random() function really is random
SetUpVirtual(); // Set up the virtual screens and get their segments
clrscr();
cout
<< "Hello! This program will demonstrate the principals of animation.\n"
<< "The program will firstly generate an arb background screen to a\n"
<< "virtual page, then flip it to the VGA. A toaster will then start\n"
<< "to move across the screen. Note that the background will be restored\n"
<< "after the toaster has passed over it. You may add or remove toasters\n"
<< "by hitting ""+"" or ""-"" respectively. Note that the more frames you\n"
<< "use, usually the better the routine looks. Because of space\n"
<< "restrictions, we only had room for three frames.\n\n";
cout
<< "The toasters were drawn by Fubar (Pieter Buys) in Autodesk Animator.\n"
<< "I wrote a small little program to convert them into CONSTANTS. See\n"
<< "the main text to find out how to load up AA CEL files directly.\n\n\n";
cout << "Hit any key to continue...";
getch();
SetMCGA();
SetUpScreen(); // Draw background screen to Vaddr1, then flip to VGA
Fly(); // Make the toasters fly around the screen.
SetText();
ShutDown(); // Free the memory taken up by virtual pages
cout
<< "All done. This concludes the seventh sample program in the ASPHYXIA\n"
<< "Training series. You may reach DENTHOR under the names of GRANT\n"
<< "SMITH/DENTHOR/ASPHYXIA on the ASPHYXIA BBS. I am also an avid\n"
<< "Connectix BBS user, which is unfortunatly offline for the moment.\n"
<< "For discussion purposes, I am also the moderator of the Programming\n"
<< "newsgroup on the For Your Eyes Only BBS.\n"
<< "The numbers are available in the main text. You may also write to me at:\n"
<< " Grant Smith\n"
<< " P.O. Box 270\n"
<< " Kloof\n"
<< " 3640\n"
<< "I hope to hear from you soon!\n\n\n";
cout << "Hit any key to exit...";
getch();
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// SetMCGA() - This function gets you into 320x200x256 mode. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SetMCGA() {
_AX = 0x0013;
geninterrupt (0x10);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// SetText() - This function gets you into text mode. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SetText() {
_AX = 0x0003;
geninterrupt (0x10);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Cls() - This clears the screen at location Where to color Col //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Cls(byte Col, word Where) {
asm {
push es // save ES
mov cx, 32000 // this is our loop counter. we want to clear
// 64000 bytes of memory, so why do we use 32000?
// 1 word = 2 bytes, and we are moving a word at
// a time
mov es, [Where] // move address in Where to ES
xor di, di // zero out DI
mov al, [Col] // move color to AL
mov ah, al // move color to AH (Remember, will be moving
// a WORDS, so we need two copies
rep stosw // copy AX to Where and drecrement CX by 1
// until CX equals 0
pop es // restore ES
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Putpixel() - This puts a pixel on the screen by writing directly to //
// memory. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Putpixel (word X, word Y, byte Col, word Where) {
asm {
push ds // save DS
push es // save ES
mov ax, [Where] // move segment of Where to AX
mov es, ax // set ES to segment of Where
mov bx, [X] // set BX to X
mov dx, [Y] // set DX to Y
push bx // save BX (our X value)
mov bx, dx // now BX and DX are equal to Y
mov dh, dl // copy DL to DH (multiply Y by 256)
xor dl, dl // zero out DL
shl bx, 6 // shift BX left 6 places (multiply Y by 64).
add dx, bx // add BX to DX (Y*64 + Y*256 = Y*320)
pop bx // restore BX (X coordinate)
add bx, dx // add BX to DX (Y*320 + X). this gives you
// the offset in memory you want
mov di, bx // move the offset to DI
xor al, al // zero out AL
mov ah, [Col] // move value of Col into AH
mov es:[di], ah // move Col to the offset in memory (DI)
pop es // restore ES
pop ds // restore DS
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// WaitRetrace() - This waits until you are in a Verticle Retrace. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void WaitRetrace() {
asm mov dx,0x03DA
l1: asm {
in al,dx;
and al,0x08;
jnz l1;
}
l2: asm {
in al,dx;
and al,0x08;
jz l2;
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Pal() - This sets the Red, Green, and Blue values of a certain color. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Pal (byte Col, byte R, byte G, byte B) {
asm {
mov dx, 0x3C8 // load DX with 3C8 (write pallette function)
mov al, [Col] // move color to AL
out dx, al // write DX to the VGA (tell VGA that we want to
// work with the color in AL
inc dx // load DX with 3C9 (write RGB colors)
mov al, [R] // move Red to AL
out dx, al // write DX to VGA (tell VGA that we want to use
// the Red value in AL
mov al, [G] // move Green to AL
out dx, al // write DX to VGA
mov al, [B] // move Blue to AL
out dx, al // write DX to VGA
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// GetPal() - This reads the values of the Red, Green, and Blue values of //
// a certain color. This function uses pass-by-reference. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void GetPal (byte Col, byte &R, byte &G, byte &B) {
byte rr,gg,bb;
asm {
mov dx, 0x03C7 // load DX with 3C7 (read pallette function)
mov al, [Col] // move color to AL
out dx, al // write DX to the VGA (tell VGA that we want to
// work with the color in AL
add dx, 2 // load DX with 3C9 (read RGB colors)
in al, dx // read Red to AL
mov [rr],al // copy AL to rr
in al, dx // read Green to AL
mov [gg],al // copy AL to gg
in al, dx // read Blue to AL
mov [bb],al // copy AL to bb
}
R = rr;
G = gg;
B = bb;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// SetUpVirtual() - This sets up the memory needed for the virtual screen. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SetUpVirtual() {
Virscr1 = (byte far *) farcalloc(64000,1);
Virscr2 = (byte far *) farcalloc(64000,1);
// always check to see if enough memory was allocated
if ((Virscr1 == NULL) || (Virscr2 == NULL)) {
SetText();
cout << "Insufficient memory for virtual screens, exiting...";
free(Virscr1); // on the off chance that it allocated 1 but not 2,
// deallocate the first.
exit(1);
}
Vaddr1 = FP_SEG(Virscr1);
Vaddr2 = FP_SEG(Virscr2);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// ShutDown() - This frees the memory used by the virtual screen. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void ShutDown() {
// free(Virscr1);
// free(Virscr2);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Flip() - This copies the entire screen at "source" to destination. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Flip(word source, word dest) {
asm {
push ds // save DS
mov ax, [dest] // copy segment of destination to AX
mov es, ax // set ES to point to destination
mov ax, [source] // copy segment of source to AX
mov ds, ax // set DS to point to source
xor si, si // zero out SI
xor di, di // zero out DI
mov cx, 32000 // set our counter to 32000
rep movsw // move source to destination by words. decrement
// CX by 1 each time until CX is 0
pop ds // restore DS
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Putico() - This puts an icon, EXCEPT it's color 0 (black) pixels, onto //
// the screen "where", at position X,Y //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Putico(word X, word Y, const byte *sprt, word Where) {
asm {
push ds // save DS
push es // save ES
lds si, [sprt] // set SI to offset of sprite
mov ax, X // set AX equal to X
mov bx, Y // set BX equal to Y
}
_Redraw: asm {
push ax // save AX (X coordinate)
mov ax, [Where] // copy segment of Where to AX
mov es, ax // set ES to segment of Where
mov ax, bx // set AX to BX (X)
mov bh, bl // copy BL to BH (multiply Y by 256)
xor bl, bl // zero out BL
shl ax, 6 // multiply AX by 64 (Y * 64)
add bx, ax // add AX to BX (Y*64 + Y*256 = Y*320)
pop ax // restore BX (X coordinate)
add ax, bx // add BX to AX (Y*320 + X). this gives you
// the offset in memory you want
mov di, ax // move the offset to DI
mov dl, 30 // set DL to height of sprite
xor ch, ch // zero out CH
mov cl, 48 // set CL to width of sprite
cld // clear direction flag. if you did not do this,
// the loop would go backward instead of forward
push ax // save AX (offset in memory where you draw)
mov ax, cx // set AX to CX (width)
}
_DrawLoop: asm {
push di // save DI (offset in memory where you draw)
mov cx, ax // set CX to AX (width)
}
_LineLoop: asm { // DRAW THE DATA
mov bl,byte ptr [si]
// load byte of data from sprite to BL
or bl, bl // no effect, but triggers zero flag
jnz _Store // if previous statement did not trigger zero flag
// (BL was not color 0) then jump to _Store
// (write it to the screen). in the description
// of this function, it said that we would not be
// putting color 0 on the screen, so the next
} // section skips over the pixel if it was 0.
_NoPaint: asm { // SKIP OVER COLOR 0
inc si // increment SI (skip to next pixel)
inc di // increment DI (skip to next pixel)
loop _LineLoop // decrement CX and jump to _LineLoop if CX is
// not 0 (end of line)
jmp _NextLine // if CX is 0 (end of line) jump to _NextLine
}
_Store: asm { // COPY THE DATA
movsb // move the byte that DS:SI is pointing to into
// ES:DI and increment SI and DI.
loop _LineLoop // decrement CX and jump to _LineLoop if CX is
} // not 0 (end of line)
_NextLine: asm { // START A NEW LINE
pop di // restore address of line just drawn
dec dl // decrement DL (height)
jz _Exit // when DL equals 0, you are done drawing the sprite
add di, 320 // if not end of sprite, add 320 to DI so that we
// start drawing the sprite on the next line
jmp _DrawLoop // go back to _DrawLoop and start drawing the next
} // line
_Exit: asm { // WE ARE DONE DRAWING THE SPRITE
pop ax // restore AX
pop es // restore ES
pop ds // restore DS
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// sgn() - This function is used by Line() to determine the sign of a long //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int sgn (int a) {
if (a > 0) return +1;
if (a < 0) return -1;
return 0;
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Funny_line() - This function draws a line from a,b, to c,d on screen //
// "where". After it plots each pixel, it increments a //
// color counter for the next pixel. You may easily alter //
// this to be a normal line function, and it will be quite //
// a bit faster than the original one I gave you. This is //
// because I replaced all the floats with integers. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Funny_line (int a, int b, int c, int d, word where) {
int i,s,d1x,d1y,d2x,d2y,u,v,m,n,count;
count = 50;
u = c - a; // u = x2 - x1 (change in x)
v = d - b; // v = y2 - y1 (change in y)
d1x = sgn(u); // d1x = sign of the change in x
d1y = sgn(v); // d1y = sign of the change in y
d2x = sgn(u); // d2x = sign of the change in x
d2y = 0; // d2y = 0
m = abs(u); // m = positive change in x
n = abs(v); // n = positive change in y
if (m <= n) {
d2x = 0; // d2x = 0
d2y = sgn(v); // d2y = sign of the change in y
m = abs(v); // m = positive change in y
n = abs(u); // n = positive change in x
}
s = m / 2; // s = half of the change in x/y
for (i=0;i<m+1;i++) {
Putpixel(a,b,count,where); // plot the original x1 and y1
count++; // increment the color
if (count > 100) count = 50; // if color is out of bounds, reset
s += n;
if (s >= m) {
s -= m;
a += d1x;
b += d1y;
}
else {
a += d2x;
b += d2y;
}
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// SetUpScreen() - This procedure sets up the static background to be used //
// in the program. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SetUpScreen() {
int x,y,loop1,loop2,loop3;
const byte circ[5][5] = {{ 0,10,10,10, 0},
{10,13,12,11,10},
{10,12,12,11,10},
{10,11,11,11,10},
{ 0,10,10,10, 0}};
// set the pallette for the toasters and some other things
Pal (1 ,22,22,22);
Pal (2 ,45,45,45);
Pal (3 ,59,59,59);
Pal (4 ,63,63,27);
Pal (5 ,39,63, 3);
Pal (6 ,51,39, 3);
Pal (7 , 3,27, 3);
Pal (8 ,15,39,15);
Pal (9 ,35,35,35);
Pal (10, 0, 0,40);
Pal (11,10,10,50);
Pal (12,20,20,60);
Pal (13,30,30,63);
// set pallette colors 50-100 to blue values between 13 and 63
for (loop1 = 50; loop1 < 101; loop1++)
Pal (loop1,0,0,loop1-37);
// put a copy of the pallette into ourpal[]
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < 256; loop1++)
GetPal (loop1,ourpal[loop1][0],ourpal[loop1][1],ourpal[loop1][2]);
// draw funny lines
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < 320; loop1++)
Funny_line (0,199,loop1,0,Vaddr1);
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < 200; loop1++)
Funny_line (0,199,319,loop1,Vaddr1);
// draw circles
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < 200; loop1++) {
x = random (315);
y = random (195);
for (loop2 = 0; loop2 < 5; loop2++)
for (loop3 = 0; loop3 < 5; loop3++)
// don't plot a pixel if its color is 0
if (circ[loop2][loop3] != 0)
Putpixel(x+loop2,y+loop3,circ[loop2][loop3],Vaddr1);
}
// Copy the entire screen at Vaddr1, our virtual screen on which we have
// done all our graphics, onto the screen you see, VGA.
Flip (Vaddr1,VGA);
// also make a copy of the virtual screen to Vaddr2
Flip (Vaddr1,Vaddr2);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Rotatepal() - This function rotates the colors between 50 and 100. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Rotatepal() {
byte temp[3];
int loop1;
memmove(temp,ourpal[100],3);
memmove(ourpal[51],ourpal[50],50*3);
memmove(ourpal[50],temp,3);
for (loop1 = 50; loop1 < 101; loop1++)
Pal (loop1,ourpal[loop1][0],ourpal[loop1][1],ourpal[loop1][2]);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// ScreenTrans() - This is a small function to copy a 30x30 pixel block //
// from coordinates x,y on the Vaddr1 to //
// coordinates x,y on the true vga screen. //
// //
// ERROR, from Vaddr1 to Vaddr2
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void ScreenTrans (word x, word y) {
asm {
push ds // save DS
push es // save ES
mov ax,Vaddr1 // set AX to the segment of Virtual Screen 1
mov es,ax // set ES to segment of Vaddr1
mov ax,Vaddr2 // set AX to the segment of Virtual Screen 2
mov ds,ax // set DS to segment of Vaddr2
mov bx,[x] // set BX to x
mov dx,[y] // set DX to y
push bx // save x coordinate
mov bx, dx // copy y coordinate to BX
mov dh, dl // multiply y*256
xor dl, dl // zero out DL
shl bx, 6 // multiply y*64
add dx, bx // add y*64 to y*256 to get y*320
pop bx // restore x coordinate
add bx, dx // finalize the location
mov di, bx // set DI to offset of Virtual Screen 1
mov si, di // set SI to offset of Virtual Screen 2
mov al,60 // I have no idea why this is here.
mov bx, 30 // set BX to height of block
}
_loop1: asm {
mov cx, 24 // set CX to width of block divided by 2
rep movsw // copy the screens and decrement CX by 1 until
// CX is 0
add di,0x110 // 320 - 48 = 272 .. or 110 in hex
add si,0x110
dec bx // decrease number lines left to draw
jnz _loop1 // if not done go back to _loop1
pop es // restore ES
pop ds // restore DS
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// NewToaster() - This adds a new toaster to the screen. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void NewToaster() {
int loop1 = 0;
do {
if (toaster[loop1].active == FALSE) {
toaster[loop1].x = random(200)+70;
toaster[loop1].y = 0;
toaster[loop1].active = TRUE;
toaster[loop1].frame = 1;
toaster[loop1].speed = random(3)+1;
loop1 = 10;
}
loop1++;
} while (loop1 < NUMTOASTERS);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// //
// Fly() - This is the function where we move and put the toasters. //
// //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Fly() {
int loop1,loop2;
char ch;
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < NUMTOASTERS; loop1++)
toaster[loop1].active = FALSE;
ch = '0'; // assign a dummy value to ch
NewToaster();
do {
// if a key is pressed...
if (kbhit()) {
ch = getch();
// if '+' is pressed, add a toaster
if (ch == '+') NewToaster();
// if '-' is pressed, remove a toaster
if (ch == '-') {
loop1 = 0; // start with toaster 0
do {
// if the loop1 toaster is active
if (toaster[loop1].active == TRUE) {
// draw the toaster on the screen
ScreenTrans(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y);
// then make it false
toaster[loop1].active = FALSE;
// break out of the loop
loop1 = 10;
}
// check the next toaster
loop1++;
} while (loop1 < NUMTOASTERS);
}
}
// if no key was pressed...
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < NUMTOASTERS; loop1++) {
if (toaster[loop1].active == TRUE) {
// Restore the background the toaster was over
ScreenTrans(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y);
// Move the toaster
toaster[loop1].x -= toaster[loop1].speed;
toaster[loop1].y += toaster[loop1].speed;
// When toaster reaches the edge of the screen, render it inactive
// and bring a new one into existance.
if ((toaster[loop1].x < 0) || (toaster[loop1].y > 170)) {
toaster[loop1].active = FALSE;
NewToaster();
}
}
}
// Draw all of the toasters
for (loop1 = 0; loop1 < NUMTOASTERS; loop1++) {
// ... but only if they are active
if (toaster[loop1].active == TRUE)
switch (toaster[loop1].frame) {
case 1: Putico(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y,FRAME1,Vaddr1); break;
case 2: Putico(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y,FRAME3,Vaddr1); break;
case 3: Putico(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y,FRAME2,Vaddr1); break;
case 4: Putico(toaster[loop1].x,toaster[loop1].y,FRAME3,Vaddr1); break;
}
// increment the current frame of the toaster
toaster[loop1].frame += 1;
// reset the frame if it gets to 5
if (toaster[loop1].frame == 5) toaster[loop1].frame = 1;
}
WaitRetrace();
Flip(Vaddr1,VGA);
Rotatepal();
// if the key pressed above was 0 (escape key) then read the escape code
if (ch == 0) ch = getch();
} while (ch != 27); // if the escape code was 27 (escape key) then exit
}