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Organized by Category:

• Environmental Causes
• Cardiovascular
• Iatrogenic
• Neoplastic
• Congenital
• Endocrine
• Pulmonary
• Infectious
• Renal
• Neurological
• Gastrointestinal
• Reticulo-endothelial, Hematologic
• Uncategorized

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ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES

• ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation exposure.
• 12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting
• 24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme exhaustion), fever, diarrhea
• Later: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybe death.
• CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensation over parts of body.
• BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage (injury) to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms:
• Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body.
• Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.

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CARDIOVASCULAR

• ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions.
• BARLOW SYNDROME: Floppy Mitral Valve Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse ------> Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both.
• EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular-Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis.
• FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of the leaflets.
• LERICHE'S SYNDROME: Occlusion of distal aorta ------>
• Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue.
• Impotence
• BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> secondary symptoms:
• Oral and genital ulcers
• Uveitis
• Optic atrophy
• SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring after Myocardial Infarction.
• SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of tachycardia.
• SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------>
• Edema
• Engorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms.
• Nonproductive cough
• Dyspnea
• TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young women.
• WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME: ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia.
• Short PR interval
• Delta wave = early QRS complex.

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IATROGENIC (or Secondary to Medical Treatment)

• AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME: Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a gastrojejunostomy.
• Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, and duodenal distension.
• ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions within the endometrial cavity, causing amenorrhea and infertility.
• Adhesions probably were caused by surgery.
• ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from follow-up diagnostic tests following a false-positive screening test.

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NEOPLASTIC (Malignant or Benign)

• CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------> secondary symptoms:
• Cyanotic flushing
• Diarrhea
• Bronchial spasm
• Edema, ascites.
• CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME: GI-Polyps with diffuse alopecia (hair-loss) and nail dystrophy.
• May see protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption.
• GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait.
• Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid cysts
• Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> predisposition to colonic adenocarcinoma.
• LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: Progressive proximal muscle weakness secondary to a carcinoma.
• MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with ascites and hydrothorax
• PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near pulmonary apex ------>
• Neuritic pain of chest and arm
• Muscle atrophy of the arm
• Horner's Syndrome (impaired cervical sympathetics)
• PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis (hamartomas) of small intestine
• Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal mucosa and skin around mouth and lips

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CONGENITAL

• CEREBELLAR SYNDROME: Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia
• CERVICAL SYNDROME: Supernumerary C7 rib ------> Pressure on brachial plexus ------> pain radiating over shoulder, arm, and forearm over C7 distribution.
• DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants ------> Hydrocephalus.
• DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of 3^rd and 4^th Branchial Arches (Thymus and Parathyroid Glands) ------> secondary symptoms:
• No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent viral and fungal infections
• Characteristic facial deformities
• DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeon crease in hand.
• FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia, pancytopenia.
• EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME: Congenital defect in collagen.
• Hyper-elasticity and friability of the skin.
• Hyperextensibility of the joints.
• FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacial anomalies, limb defects.
• GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies against basement membranes ------> Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs).
• Often, death by renal failure
• KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY ------> testicular atrophy, increase in gonadotropins in urine.
• KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME:
• Cervical vertebrate fused
• Congenital short neck, limited neck rotation
• Abnormalities of the brainstem and cerebellum
• Low hairline.
• LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho-ribosyltransferase ------>
• Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones
• Choreoathetosis
• Mental retardation, autism, spastic cerebral palsy
• X-Linked recessive
• MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue disorder ------>
• Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long digits and extremities
• Subluxation of lens
• Dissecting aortic aneurism
• POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infection during first trimester.
• Microphthalmos, cataracts
• Deafness
• Mental retardation
• Patent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary arterial stenosis
• PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, mental retardation, polyphagia with marked obesity, sexual infantilism.
• RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
• SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Unexplained death in sleeping infants.
• TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy.
• Dwarfism
• Webbed neck
• Valgus of elbow.
• Amenorrhea
• WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ------> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular degeneration.

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ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE

• AMENNORRHEA-GALACTORRHEA SYNDROME: Non-physiologic lactation, resulting from endocrinologic causes or from a pituitary disorder.
• CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness, hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis.
• CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of cortisol ------> secondary symptoms and characteristics:
• Fatness of face and trunk with wasting of extremities
• Buffalo hump
• Bone decalacification
• Corticoid diabetes
• Hypertension
• PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: Abnormal sensation in breasts, abdominal pain, thirst, headache, pelvic congestion, nervous irritability.
• Ocassionally nausea and vomiting.
• SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary necrosis ------> hypopituitarism.
• STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME: Polycystic ovary ------> infertility, amenorrhea, hirsutism. Seen in obese women.
• TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME: Insensitivity to Testosterone. Male Psuedohermaphroditism
• Complete female external genatalia, incompletely developed vagina, rudimentary uterus.

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PULMONARY

• KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting from chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis.
• HAMMAN-RICH SYNDROME: Interstitial fibrosis of the lung.
• MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of right lung.
• CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia.

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INFECTIOUS

• FITZ-HUGH-CURTIS SYNDROME: Gonococcal Periphepatitis in woman, as a complication of Gonorrhea.
• GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause.
• HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Geniculate Ganglion ------> facial palsy.
• Zoster of ear
• REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and seizures in kids, after a viral infection treated by aspirin.
• REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or post-chlamydial.
• Urethritis
• Iridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis)
• Arthritis
• Skin lesions like karatoderma blenorrhagicum
• Also can see fatty liver or liver necrosis.
• SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Erythema Multiforme complication.
• Large areas of skin slough, including mouth and anogenital membranes.
• Mucous membranes: stomatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis.
• Headache, fever, malaise.
• TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by superabsorbent tampons. Infection with Staph Aureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis.
• Fever, vomiting, diarrhea
• Red rash followed by desquamation
• WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON SYNDROME: Meningeococcal Meningitis ------> DIC, hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ------> fulminant adrenal failure.
• Vomiting, diarrhea.
• Shock
• Extensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse.

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RENAL

• KEMMELSTIEL-WILSON SYNDROME: Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis.
• BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms:
• Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensin
• No hypertension.
• Compare to Conn's Syndrome
• FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia, cysteine deposition, rickets.
• THORN'S SYNDROME: Salt-losing nephritis.

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NEUROLOGICAL

• CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME: Compression of Median Nerve through the Carpal Tunnel ------> pain and parasthesia over distribution of Median N.
• FROIN'S SYNDROME: Block in CSF flow ------> xanthochromia (yellow discoloration) of CSF.
• ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: Delirium, confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in a person that was previously psychologically normal.
• GERSTMANN'S SYNDROME: Lesion between occipital area and angular gyrus ------> symptoms:
• Finger agnosia, Agraphia, acalculia
• Right-left disorientation
• HORNER'S SYNDROME: Loss or lesion of cervical sympathetic ganglion ------>
• Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
• Enophthalmos (caved in eyes)
• KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: Loss of short-term memory in chronic alcoholism, caused by degeneration of mamillary bodies.
• RILEY-DAY SYNDROME: Familial dysautonomia.

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GASTROINTESTINAL

• MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME: Laceration of lower end of esophagus from vomiting ------> hematemesis. Often seen in alcoholics.
• MALABSORPTION SYNDROME: Impaired absorption of dietary substance ------> diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, or symptoms from specific deficiencies.
• BARRET SYNDROME: Chronic peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus, resulting in metaplasia of esophageal columnar epithelium ------> squamous epithelium.
• ZOLLINGER-ELLISOHN SYNDROME: Gastrin-secreting tumor in pancreas ------> Severe peptic ulcers, gastric hyperacidity.
• PLUMMER-VINSON SYNDROME: Esophageal Webs, leading to dysphagis and atrophy of papillae of tongue.
• Also see hypochromic anemia, splenomegaly.

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RETICULOENDOTHELIAL, HEMATOLOGIC

• BANTI'S SYNDROME: Chronic Congestive Splenomegaly with anemia, caused by either Portal Hypertension or Splenic Vein Thrombosis.
• BUD-CHIARI SYNDROME:
• ACUTE: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis ------> Massive ascites and dramatic death.
• CHRONIC: Gradual hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, nausea, vomiting, edema, ulimately death.
• DUBIN-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin ------> recurrent mild jaundice. Buildup of direct builirubin in blood.
• CHIDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME: Abnormalities in leukocytes with large inclusions.

• CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME: Symptoms cluster:
• Liver cirrhosis
• Caput Medussae
• Venous hum and thrill
• FELTY'S SYNDROME: Rheumatoid Arthritis with splenomegaly, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
• LOFFLER'S SYNDROME: Eosinophilia with transient infiltrates in lungs.

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UNCATEGORIZED

• YELLOW-NAIL SYNDROME: Stop growth of nails ------> increased convexity, thickening, and yellowing of nails.
• Found in Lymphedema, bronchitis, chronic bronchiectasis.
• COSTOCHONDRAL SYNDROME: Pain in chest with tenderness over one or more costochondral junctions.
• Similar to Tietze's Syndrome but no specific inflammation.
• TIETZE'S SYNDROME: Costochondritis. Swelling and tenderness of the costal cartilege.
• MIKULICZ'S SYNDROME: Salivary and lacrimal enlargement as seen in several diseases:
• Sarcoidosis
• Tuberculosis
• Leukemia
• MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME: Malingering -- fabrication of a clinically convincing disease by an itinerant malingerer.
• PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME: Symptom cluster
• Obesity
• Hypoventilation
• Somnolence
• Erythrocytosis
• RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: Need to stretch legs at night before going to sleep; twitch in legs causing insomnia.
• STRAIGHT BACK SYNDROME: Loss of normal kyphosis of thoracic spine ------>
• Straight spine
• Ejection murmur
• Widened cardiac silouhette on x-ray
• SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME: Autoimmune complex
• Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca (dry eyes and mouth)
• Dryness of Mucous membranes
• Telangiectasias in face
• Parotid enlargement