Plagiarism
There are many types of plagiarism
that go beyond simply copying another writer word for word. Some of these
are illustrated below. Each example is from Molefi Kete Ansante’s "Unraveling
the Edges of Free Speech" in The National Forum Spring 1995: 12-15:
The old American adage that
you do not cry "Fire!" in a crowded theater when there is no fire and then
claim the right to free speech had just about gone the way of the typewriter.
An entirely new ethic developed over the past thirty years is now being
tested in the arena of popular discourse, indeed, even tested in the field
of academic discourse that has become an extension of the popular imagination.
This new ethic might be articulated in a more timely adage, "You can cry
‘Fire!’ anywhere and anytime under any condition so long as you claim that
you are doing it in the name of the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution
of the United States or in the name of academic freedom."
Exact Copy
A "new ethic" had developed
over the past thirty years and is now being tested in the arena of popular
discourse.
Partial Copy
Paraphrase plagiarism
The old saying that you do not
cry "Fire!" in a crowded public place and claim free speech has recently
disappeared.
Mosaic plagiarism: This is
a combination of copied and paraphrased materials.
The old adage that you may not
claim a right to free speech if you have yelled "Fire!" in a crowded theater
is being replaced by a new ethic. This new ethic is currently being tested
in the popular discourse.
Source Plagiarism: This occurs
when you use material the author has cited as if you have found this material
yourself. For example, this material actually comes from Ray B.
Browne’s essay "Culture ‘Of the People, By the People, For the People’"
The
National Forum Fall 1994: 9-12:
In her Humanities in America:
A Report to the President, the Congress, and the American People (1988),
Lynne Cheney cites one professor’s response to American education: "Students
are not taught that there is such a thing as literary excellence as they
were twenty years ago."
You would need to cite the original
researcher, Browne, to properly quote this material.
Incomplete-citation Plagiarism
Asante observes that "an entirely
new ethic [has] developed over the past thirty years" (12). This "new ethic"
of free speech has captured the popular imagination and has completely
reversed the older ethic which places the better good of the community
over the individual’s right to free speech.
Phrase Plagiarism
A new ethic has emerged
within the popular imagination. The old American adage that
you don’t cry "Fire!" and then claim free speech no longer applies.
Plagiarism is a serious offense--it
is the theft of another’s words and/or ideas. For institutional repercussions,
please refer to your student handbook.