HIEU 137
        Lecture 8: "An Uneasy Peace: The Treaty of Versailles"
                            (July 10, 2002)

I. America Enters the War
    A. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
        1. Lusitania (May 7, 1915)
        2. Resumed Unrestricted U-Boat attacks (Feb 1, 1917)
    B. Declaration of War (April, 1917)

 II. Armistice
    A. Wilson's 14 Points (Reader, 94-95)
    B. Allied offensive, Summer 1918
    C. Kaiser's Abdication
         1. Republic Founded
         2. Stab-in-the-Back legend
    D. Guns fall silent November 11, 1918
 

III. Treaty of Versailles
      A. Dictated peace
      B. War guilt clause
      C. Minimal Armed Forces
      D. Territorial adjustments
      E. Reparations
      F. No union with Austria
      G. Colonies Gone

IV. Aftermath of Versailles
      A. Occupation of Ruhr
      B. Effectiveness of Versailles?

 V. Midterm review
       A. Midterm sheet
       B. Discussion -- Today's readings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lusitania      (back)

 

Source: http://www.pbs.org/lostliners/lusitania.html
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

U-Boat attacks        (back)

 

Allied Shipping Sunk by German U-boats

Year           Gross Tonnage

1915            855,721            unrestricted attacks
1916            610,000            restricted attacks
Jan 1917      328,391
Feb 1917     520,412             Feb 1 unrestricted attacks resume
Mar 1917    564,497
Apr 1917     860,334             April 28 Allies begin convoying ships
Aug 1917    511,730
Dec 1917    399,110

Source: John Keegan, The First World War (New York: Vintage, 2000), 353-354.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Big Four: Italian Premier Vittorio Orlando, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.  Note that there is no representative from Germany.       (back)

 
 
 
 
 

 

Armed Forces         (back)

 
 
 
 
 

 

Versailles: Territorial Adjustments         (back)
New Countries in Eastern Europe (left, 1914; right, 1920)

                        Before                                                             After
 
 
 

Germany Lost 15% of the territory it had in 1914:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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