tbip Hcp I]S\mSy¡mc\mbncpóp
sUmWmðUv tamÀK³

BapJw

tbip I]S`àn¡msc shdp¯ncpóp Fóv \s½ ]Tn¸n¡póp. hmkvXh¯nð, I]S`àn¡mÀ¡v FXnsc tbip FSp¯ncpó \ne]mSv, At±l¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§fnðsh¨v hneaXn¡pó Hómbncpóp FómWv ]Tn¸n¡póXv.

I]S`àn kz`mhZqjysaópw, AXv shdp¸pw Bt£]hpw AÀln¡póp Fópw tbip \nco£n¨ncpóXmbn ]dbpó At\Iw hmIy§Ä ss__nfnepïv. tbiphn\v CjvSs¸Sm¯ NneXv sNbvXncpóhÀ¡v FXnsc, {]tXyIn¨v ]coiòmÀs¡Xnsc, I]S`àn Fó hm¡v D]tbmKn¨ncpóp. (Nne DZmlc§Ä; a¯m 6.2,5,16; 7.4þ5; 23.13, 15, 23, 25, 29; eqs¡m 12.1, 56; 13.15).

]cn]qÀ®amb Hcp a\pjy³ Pohn¨ncpsó¦nð AXv tbip am{Xambncpóp Fópw \s½ ]Tn¸n¡póp. þ ssZh¯nsâbpw a\pjysâbpw Hcp {]tXyI kwtbmP\w (Ipsdsb¦nepw hmIy§Ä CXns\ ]n´pWbv¡póp; tbml 1.1, 14þ15, 18, 8.28, 10.30; F{_m 5.7þ9, 28).

AXn\mð I]S`àn¡mtcmSv tbip hntZzjw {]ZÀin¸n¡nñ Fóv \mw {]Xo£n¡póXnð sXänñ. AXnibsaóp ]dbs«, tbip{InkvXphn\v AhImis¸« A{Xbpw ]qÀ®Xbnsñópw, aäpÅhsc D]tZin¨Xpt]mse kz´w PohnX¯nð DÄs¡mïnñ Fópw ss__nÄ \s½ ]Tn¸n¡póp.

hnizmkw
ssZh¯n\mð kIeXpw km²yw. (a¯m 19.26; aÀs¡m 10.27; eps¡m 18.27)."hnizkn¡póh\p kIehpw Ignbpw' (aÀs¡m 9.23). XpSÀóv ]dbpóp, ""ISpIpaWntbmfw hnizmkapsï¦nð (hfsc Ipd¨pam{Xw) aetbmSv ChnsS \nóp At§m«v \o§pI Fóp ]dªmð AXv \o§pw... (a¯m 17.20; eqs¡m 17.6).

Fómð, Nne Øe§fnðsh¨v, aäpÅhcpsS hnizmk¡pdhn\mð tbiphn\v AÛpX{]hÀ¯nIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡m³ IgnbmsX hóp (a¯m 13.58; aÀs¡m 6.5).

tbip Ipcninð InSót¸mÄ Xsâ hnizmk¯nð \nópw ]ntóm«v t]mbXmbn hyàam¡nbXv Gähpw AXnibn¸n¡póp. {]tXyIn¨pw ""Fsâ ssZhsa Fsâ ssZhsa \o Fsó ssIhn«sX´v? Fóv Icªv ]dªt¸mÄ (a¯m 27.46; aÀs¡m 15.34).

hninjvSamb \nbaw

hninjvSamb B \nbaw tbiphn\p hfsc \mÄ¡p ap¼pXsó \nehnepïmbncpóp. tbiphmWv AXnsâ IÀ¯mhv Fóv BÀ¡pw ]dbphm\pw Ignbnñ. ""a\pjyÀ \n§Ä¡p sN¿Ww Fóv \n§Ä CÑn¡póXv Hs¡bpw AhÀ¡v sN¿pho³..... (a¯m 7.12; eqs¡m 6.31). Fóncpómepw Ft¸mÄ CXp tI«mepw a\Ênð hcpóXv tbiphns\¡pdn¨pÅ Nn´bmWv.

Abð¡mcs\ \nsót¸mse kvt\ln¡ (a¯m 22.39; aÀs¡m 12.31; eps¡m 10.27). hmkvXh¯nð CXv ]gb\nba¯nð \nópw ]IÀ¯nbXmWv (tehy 19.18).

i{Xp¡sf kvt\ln¡ Fó hmIyw A[nIw Bcpw HmÀ½n¡m³ CSbnñ (eqs¡m 6.27, 35; a¯m 5.44). Fómð, kz´w PohnX¯nð Cu D]tZi§Ä {]m_ey¯nð hcp¯phm³ tbiphn\v hnjaambncpóp. "PmXnIfmb' Abð]¡¡msc Xosc _lpam\n¨ncpónñ. DZmlcWambn Ahsc "]«nIsfópw' \mbv¡sfópw hnfn¨ncpóp (aÀs¡m 7.27). Hcn¡ð, ChcpsS AcnInð t]mIcpsXóv Xsâ injyòmsc D]tZin¨p (a¯m 10.5). asämcn¡ð AkpJw _m[n¨ Hcp Ip«nsb kpJam¡m³ hnk½Xn¡bpw, ]nóoSv Ip«nbpsS amXmhnsâ adp]Snbnð D¯cw ap«nb tbip \nhÀ¯nbnñmsX kuJys¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp (a¯m 15.21þ28).

tbip ]coiòmsc (Xsâ A`n{]mb§Ä¡v hnesImSp¡m¯hscbpw) Ft¸mgpw kÀ¸§sfópw I]S`àn¡mscópw Bt£]n¨ncpóp (a¯m 12.34; 15.7; 22.18; 23.27,33; aÀs¡m 7.6). Nnet¸mÄ Ahsc aqVscópw hnUvVnIsfópw kwt_m[\ sNbvXncpóp. Bcpw Bscbpw A§s\ hnfn¡cpsXópw, hnfn¨mð \cI¯nð t]mtIïn hcpsaópw tbipXsó ap¼p hne¡nbncpóXmWv (a¯m 5.22; 23.17).

tIm]w
tIm]¯ns\Xnscbpw tbip D]tZin¨p. ""Xsâ ktlmZct\mSv tIm]n¡póhÀ \ymbm[n]k`bpsS ap¼nð \nevt¡ïn hcpw'' (a¯m 5.22). hmkvXh¯nð ChnsS tIm]¯ns\ sIme]mXI¯n\p Xpeyam¡pIbmbncpóp. ]e kmlNcy¯nepw tbip Xsâ tIm]w {]ISn¸n¨ncpóp.

''...... Ah³ tIm]t¯msS Npäpw t\m¡n'' (aÀs¡m 3.5). tIm]t¯msS tZhmeb¯nð km[\§Ä hnäncpóhsc ]pd¯m¡n (a¯m 21.12þ15; aÀs¡m 11.15þ19; eqs¡m 19.45þ47; tbml 2.13þ17). A¯n¸g¯nsâ ImeañmXncnón«pw A¯n¸gw In«mXncpóXn\mð tIm]t¯msS acs¯ i]n¨p (a¯m 21.19; aÀs¡m 11.12þ14) Aip²mßmhv Ibdnbt¸mÄ tIm]w {]ISn¸n¨p (a¯m 12.22þ31; aÀs¡m 3.20þ30). Xsâ AÛpX {]hÀ¯nIfnð aXn¸p ImWn¡m¯ ]«W§fnse \nhmknIsf i]n¨p (a¯m 11.22þ24; eqs¡m 10.13þ15). Xsâ D]tZi§fnð `nóX ImWn¨hsc shdp¯ncpóp.

A¸s\bpw A½sbbpw _lpam\n¡pI

""\nsâ A¸s\bpw A½sbbpw _lpam\n¡'' Fó ]gb\nba¯nse hmIyw D²cn¡póXnð tbip Xmev]cyw ImWn¨ncpóp (]pd 20.12; a¯m 15.4; 19.19; aÀs¡m 7.10; 10.19; eqs¡m 18.20). tbip Xsâ A¸s\bpw A½sbbpw _lpam\n¨ncpónñ FóXv hfsc hyàsaóp am{Xañ, Xsâ s]cpamäw Nnet¸mÄ AhÀ¡v Zpc`nam\w hcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

tbip Xsâ AÑt\mSv kwkmcn¨Xmbn ss__nfnð F§pw ]dbpónñ. Fómð Xsâ A½ adnbtbmSv kwkmcn¡pó Nne kµÀ`§Ä ss__nfnepïv. Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw hfsc ]cp¡amb s]cpamäambncpóp. ]{´ïmw hbÊnð tbiphns\ ImWmXmb kw`h¯nð hnjan¨ncpó A½sb Aóv IÀi\ambn imkn¡bpw sNbvXp. cïp {]mhiyw Xsâ A½sb kv{Xo FómWv kwt_m[\ sNbvXncpóXv.

F´n\mWv Fsó XncbpóXv Fómbncpóp Aóv tbip tNmZn¨Xv (eqs¡m 2.49). Im\mbnse IeymW¯n\v hoªv Ipdshóv A½ HmÀ½n¸n¨t¸mÄ, ""kv{Xosb \n\¡pw F\n¡pw X½nð F´v'' Fómbncpóp tbip adp]Sn ]dªXv (tbml 2.4). AXpt]mse, Ipcninð InS¡pt¼mÄ tbip A½tbmSv ]dªXv ""kv{Xosb CXm \nsâ aI³'' (tbml 19.26) Fómbncpóp. Fsó¦nepw Xsâ A¸t\msSm A½tbmtSm _lpam\]qÀÆw s]cpamdnbn«psï¦nð B kµÀ`w ss__nfnð ]cmaÀin¨n«nñ.

tbiphnt\mSv Aópïmbncpó s]mXpP\§fpw aX]ÞnXòmcpw A\mZcthmSpw A]acymZtbmSpw s]cpamdnbncpóp Fóv ImWn¡pó A\h[n hmIy§Ä ss__nfnepïv. A§s\bpïmbncpó Hcp kµÀ`¯nð, _Ôp¡Ät]mepw tbiphns\ \nb{´n¡m³ aptóm«p hóp. Aópïmb s]cpamä¯n\mð ]pcpjmcw "Ch\nð `qXw Dïv, Ah\v s_bXsk_qð Dïv' Fóv ]dbpIbpïmbn (aÀs¡m 3.21).

tdmam¡mcpsS Ipcninðsh¨v tbiphn\pïmb tamiamb acWw A¸\pw A½bv¡pw \mWt¡Sv am{Xsa hcp¯nbncpópÅp. ""ac¯nð Xq§póh³ i]n¡s¸«h³'' (Kem 3.13) FómWsñm ss__nfnð tbiphns\¡pdn¨v FgpXnbncn¡póXv.

kXykÔX
\n§fpsS hm¡v DÆv DÆv Fópw Cñ Cñ Fópw Bbncn¡s« FómWv tbip ]Tn¸n¨ncpóXv (a¯m 5.37). CXv kXykÔXsb _m[n¡póp. Xsâ kXykÔsXsb ImWn¡m³thïn tbip Ft¸mgpw "kXyambpw kXyambpw Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbpóp' Fóv Ft¸mgpw Xsâ hmIy§Ä¡v ap¼nð tNÀ¡pambncpóp. "Fsâ km£yw kXyamIpóp' (tbml 8.14) ""Rm³ kXyamIpóp'' (tbml 14.6) "kXy¯n\p km£nbmbn Rm³ P\n¨p .. ' (tbml 18.37) IÅw ]dbpóXv Aip²ambn D]an¨p (a¯m 15.19, aÀs¡m 7.22), km¯m³ t`mjv¡nsâ ]nXmshópw (tbml 8.44) D]tZin¨p.

C{Xsbms¡ D]tZin¨n«pw tbip Fñmbvt¸mgpw kXyw ]dªncpónñ.

sbcpiteanð AhtcmSpIqsS t]mIphm³ Hcn¡ð tbiphnsâ ktlmZc§Ä Bhiys¸«p. sbcpiteanð s]cpómfn\p Xm³ t]mIpónñ Fóv tbip AhtcmSv ]dªp. ]nóoSv, Bcpw ImWmsX clky¯nð tbip sbcpiteanð t]mIpIbpïmbn (tbml 7.2þ10). (Nne ss__nfpIfnð Aóp sbcpiteanð t]mIpónñ Fó AÀ°w hcpóXpt]mse FgpXnbncn¡póp)

alm]ptcmlnXsâ ap¼nðsh¨v, Xm³ ]ÅnIfnepw, blqZòmÀ IqSpó tZhmeb§fnepw, ]ckyambn«ñmsX clkyambn {]kwKn¨n«nñ Fóv tbip ]dbpIbpïmbn (tbml 18.20). Fómð CXv tbip sNbvXXn\p t\sc hncp²amWv. tbip Fñmbvt¸mgpw ]ckyambn«ñmbncpóp {]kwKn¨Xv Fóp am{Xañ, NneXv clkyambn«v \S¯m\mbn Dt±in¨Xmbncpóp.

tbip aeapIfnðsh¨v {]kwKn¡bpïmbn (a¯m 5.1; 7.28), ISenðsh¨v {]kwKn¡bpïmbn (a¯m 13.1), acp`qanbnðsh¨pw (eqs¡m 6.17þ49) aäp Øe§fnepw. ""ssZhcmPy¯nsâ aÀ½w \n§Ä¡v \evIs¸«ncn¡póp; ]pd¯pÅhÀs¡m kIehpw D]aIfmð e`n¡póp'' (aÀs¡m 4.11,12). AXn\mð AhÀ Iïn«pw AdnbmXncn¡bpw, tI«n«pw sN¿pw.

\nKa\w

tbip ]dªXv {IXyambn«v ss__nfnð tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp Fóv IW¡m¡psó¦nð Hcp Imcyw hyàamWv. tbip ]Tn¸n¨ D]tZi§fnð Xó¯m³ ewLn¡m¯Xmbn hfsc Npcp¡ta DïmbncpópÅq. AXn\mð ss__nÄ {]Imcw tbip Hcp I]S\mSy¡mc\mbncpóp, ]cn]qÀ®\ñmbncpóp.