Fñm {]hmNIcqw IÅ{]hmNIcmbncpóp

IÅ{]hmNIÀ acWin£ A\p`hn¡WsaómWv ss__nÄ ]dbpóXv (Bh 18.20; skJ 13.3). hfsc efnXamb Hcp ]co£WamWv ChÀ¡pÅXv. ChcpsS {]hN\w \nhÀ¯nbmsbm Fóv Iïp]nSn¡pI (Bh 18.22). ss__nfnð ]dªncn¡pó {]Imcw "IÅ{]hmNI³' Fó ap{Z sbi¿mhv, bncaymhv, sblsbkvt¡ð, F´n\v tbiphn\pt]mepw \evtIïnbncn¡póp. ChÀ {]hNn¨sXñmw shdpw IÅambncpóp.

]pcmX\ F{_mb {]hmNIòmcpsS ZuXyw, aX]ptcmlnXòmÀ \S¸nem¡m³ ITn\m[zm\w \S¯nbncpó PohnX ssienIfnð \nóp hyXnNen¡pó P\§sfbpw Xmð¡menI `cWm[nImcnIsfbpw \nb{´n¡pI FóXmbncpóp. AhcpsS {][m\ tPmen `mhn {]hNn¡pI FóXñmbncpóp. ]pXnb\nba¯nsâ cNbnXm¡Ä Cu {]hmNIòmcpsS hmIy§Ä sXämbn D²cn¡pIbpw cNbnXm¡fpsS Bhiy§Ä¡mbn ]gb\nb¯nse {]hmNIòmsc Zpcp]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXXn\memWv Chsc¸än \ap¡v sXämb [mcWbpïmbXv. ChcpsS {]hN\w \mw a\Ênem¡pónñ Fóv hfsc kXykÔambn tcJs¸Sp¯nbhcnð HcmÄ tXmakv s]bv³ Bbncpóp. Npcp¡¯nð CsXmópw {]hN\ta Añmbncpóp. tbip, ]gb\nba¯nse Nne {]hN\§Ä \nhÀ¯nbm¡póp Fóv [cn¸n¡phm³ kµÀ`¯n\p tbmPn¡msX D²cn¡pIbmbncpóp.

hcm\ncn¡pó ainlmbpsS k¦ev¸§fpambn Ignªncpó PqXòmÀ, Hcp {]tXyI {]hN\ coXnbnð ss__nÄ hmbn¨ncpóp. \nc´cambn ]oVn¡s¸«ncpó PqXòmcpsS k¦ev¸§fmWv Nnesc Cu Is¿gp¯pIÄ ZpÀhymJym\n¡m³ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. Cu k¦ev¸§Ä ]nóoSv GtXm kab¯v, ainlm hópIgnªp Fóv tXmón¡pó hn[¯nepÅ hnhcWambn amdn. A§s\ Hcp sFXolyw Hcp kphntijamIpIbpw AXntâXmb Poh³ sh¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

P\§sf ]ckyambn ]cnlkn¡póXp am{Xañ, AhÀ ZpÀ½mÀ¤w Dt]£n¨nsñ¦nð ZmcpWab ^e§Ä DïmIpsaópw C¡q«À Xm¡oXv \evIpambncpóp (bnc 6.19; 11.11; 22.6þ7). hntZinbcmð B{Ian¡s¸Spsaópw AhÀ XShpImcmbn Ignbpsaópw ]Xnhmbn Xm¡oXv \evInbncpóp. AXv Ncn{X]camb bmYmÀ°yambncpóp. AÈqÀ bn{kmtbens\ \in¸n¡bpw _m_ntemWyÀ sblqZsb IogS¡n At\Isc XShpImcm¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. Cu {]hN\§Ä \nhÀ¯nbmbXp Iïp AXnibn¨ ss__nÄ hmb\¡mÀ¡v \qämïpIfmbn ]gb\nba¯nð AKm[amb hnizmkw DïmIpIbpw, {]hN\§sf tNmZyw sN¿phm\pÅ t{]cW CñmXmIpIbpw sNbvXp. Fómð Cu Ncn{X bmYmÀ°y§Ä kw`hn¡póXn\p ap³]v FgpXnbXmbncpóp Cu {]hN\§sfñmw F¦nð AXv XoÀ¨bmbpw hnizmktbmKyambncptót\!

_m_ntemWnse {]hmk PohX¯n\p ap³]v ss__nÄ Cñmbncpóp Fóv Fñm ]ÞnXòmcpw k½Xn¡póp. ss__nÄ HómaXmbn ssIs¿gp¯ñmbncpóp hm¡pIfmepÅ ]mc¼cyambncpóp. CXnð apJyambpw k¦oÀ¯\§fpw kZriyhmIy§fpambncpóp ]nsó Nne {]hmNIòmcpsS {it²bamb Pe]\§fpw. {]hmkIme¯v cNbnXm¡Ä¡v {]tNmZ\w In«pIbpw, bn{kmtbense ImWmXpt]mb tKm{X§sft¸mse sblqZòmÀ¡v aXhpw \jvSamIpsaó `oXnbmð Hu]NmcnIambn AXv tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. CXv ]ptcmlnXÀ¡v In«nb Hcp Ahkcambncpóp. Cu kmlNcyw \jvSs¸Sp¯msX AhcpsS Xmev¸cy§Ä¡mbn F{Xam{Xw kzmX´yw FSp¡mtam A{Xbpw AhÀ Zpcp]tbmKs¸Sp¯n. AhÀ tcJs¸Sp¯nbncpó Hcp Imcyw "{]hN\w' Bbncpóp. sblqZy _m_ntemWyÀ B{Ian¡pIbpw sblqZsc XShpImcm¡pIbpw sNbvXXp t]mse Ignªpt]mb kw`h§Ä AhÀ {]hN\ cq]¯nð tcJs¸Sp¯n. Ncn{Xw AhÀ {]hN\ cq]¯nemWv FgpXnbncpóXv.

CXv AdnªpsImïv sNbvX Hcp {]hÀ¯n Bbncpónñ. ssZh¯nsâ ssI¿v AhcpsS Fñm {]hÀ¯nIfnepw Dsïóv ImWn¡m\pw, AhÀ sXäpsNbvXhÀ Fó tXmón¡pó hn[¯nð Hcp AÔhnizmkw Ahcnð ]Icm\pambncpóp. bYmÀ°¯nð CXnsâ Hcp hnhcWsas´ómð, sblqZÀ kwJybnð Ipdhpw, _elo\cpambncpóp. Fómð AhcpsS AbðcmPy¡mÀ iànbpÅhcpw Ahkc¯ns\m¯v AhÀ¡p tXmónbXpt]mse {]hÀ¯n¡póhcpw BbXn\membncpóp. Cu temI¯nse Fñm `ànbpw Ahcnepïmbncpómepw AhcpsS cmjv{S¯nsâ hn[n¡v Fs´¦nepw hyXymkw hcp¯phm³ Ignbnñmbncpóp. {]hmNIòmÀ sNbvX Hcp sXäv Fs´ómð, AhcpsS kz]v\§fpw, {]XnImc¯n\pthïnbpÅ B{Kl§fpw, AhcpsS Bizmk¯n\mbn, Cu cmPy§fpsS \miw {]hN\ cq]¯nð FgpXnbXmbncpóp. Fómð, F{Xtbm bp²§fpïmbn«pw, At\Iw kwkmImc§Ä amdn hón«pw ChÀ {]hNn¨Xpt]mse kw`hn¨n«nñ. AXn\mð CXv IÅ{]hN\w Fó t]cnð XÅn¡fbmhpóXmWv. CXv Fñm {InkvXym\nIfpw kuIcy]qÀÆw {i²n¡mXncn¡póp.

sbi¿m _m_ntemWns\ Ipäs¸Sp¯n AXnsâ A[]X\w {]hNn¨p. Hcn¡epw AhnsS a\pjyhmkapïmInñ Fópw {]hNn¨ncpóp (sbi 13.19þ20). Fómð sbi¿mhnsâ ]pkvXIw Ahkm\ cq]¯nð Cd§nbt¸mtg¡pw t]Àjym¡mÀ _m_ntem¬ IogS¡nbncpóp. {]hN\w kw`hn¨nñ. _m_ntemWn\v ]nóoSv A{X {]m[m\yw In«nbn«nñmbncn¡mw. Fómð AhnsS Hcp B«nSb³ t]mepw AXnsâ ASps¯§pw ImWnñ Fóv ]dªXv Ncn{X¯n\v \nc¡póXñ. "lnñm' Fóp ]dbpó ]«Ww Cóv ]gb _m_ntemWnsâ AhinjvS§fnð ØnXn sN¿póp.

CuPn]väv IogS¡psaóv sbi¿mhv hfsc {IXyambn {]hNn¨Xpt]mse tXmópw (sbi 19.4). Fómð bp²w AhnsS ]e {]mhiyw kw`hn¨ncpóp. sbi¿mhn\p ap³]pw Xsâ Imebfhnepw. Hcp {]hN\w Fó coXnbnð AXn\v A{X {]kàn In«pónñ. Fómð, ss\ð \Zn hänt¸mIpsaópw ]pð¸pd¯pw \ZnbnepapïmbncpósXñmw DW§nbnñmsXbmIpsaópw {]hNn¨Xv IqSnt¸mbn (sbi 19.5þ7). Cóv {]Nmc¯nenñm¯ I\m³ `mj CuPn]vävImÀ kwkmcn¡psaóp {]hNn¨Xv Hcn¡epw kw`hn¨nñ, kw`hn¡pIbpanñ (19.18). CuPn]vänð \nópw Aiqcnte¡v Hcp "sslth' DïmIpsaópw AiqÀ CuPn]vänð hcpIbpw Ahsc XShpImcm¡pIbpw sN¿psaóv {]hNn¨Xpw sXänt¸mbn (19.23).

GtZmansâ ]X\w asämcp {]hN\ambncpóp (A²ym 34). ""AhcpsS cà§Ä sImïv aeIÄ HgnInt¸mIpw'' (3þ#w hm) Fóv ]dªXv _p²nlo\hpw, Bcpw Hcn¡epw AXphgn t]mIpIbpanñ Fóv ]dªXv Ncn{Xhpambn tbmPn¡pónñ.

sbi¿mhns\¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ F§s\bmWv IoÀ¯ntI« C½m\pthð {]hN\w hn«pIfbphm³ IgnbpI? B {]hN\¯nð tbiphns\ kw_Ôn¡pó bmsXmópanñ (7.14). sbi¿mhv Xó¯m³ \nhÀ¯n¨ Hcp {]hN\ambncpóp AXv. {]hN\a\pkcn¨v sbi¿mhn\mð Hcp kv{Xo (I\yIbñ) KÀ`nWnbmIpóp (8.3). Ip«nsb "C½m\pthð' Fóv Hcn¡epw hnfn¨n«nñ. am{Xañ, kndnbbpw C{kmtbepw Hcpan¨v sblqZsb B{Ian¡nñ FóXnsâ Hcp ASbmfambn«mbncpóp Cu Ip«nbpsS P\\s¯ sbi¿mhv IW¡m¡nbncpóXv (7.5þ7, 14þ16). Fómð sbi¿mhn\v sXänt¸mbn. cïv Zn\hr¯m´w 28 hmbn¨mð, kw`hn¡nñ Fóv sbi¿mhv Xd¸n¨p ]dªXn\p hn]coXambn kw`hn¨p Fóv a\Ênem¡mw. C\nbpw sbi¿mhnsâ {]hN\s¯¸än A[nIw ]dbpónñ.

XtómSv tbmPn¡m¯ Fñm {]hmNIòmtcmSpw bncaymhv hmZn¡pambncpóp (5.31; 23.16, 25, 26; 27.9; 29þ8þ9). _m_ntem¬ sblqZsb IogS¡psaóv bncaymh {]hNn¨ncpsó¦nepw AXv kw`h¯n\p tijw FgpXnbXmbncpóp. knsZ¡obmhns\ XShpImc\m¡nbmepw hfsc kam[m\t¯msS acn¡psaómWv knsZ¡nbmhn\p hm¡psImSp¯Xv (bnc 34.5; 38.17). ]«Ww I¯nsbcnªmepw knZ¡obmhpw IpSpw_hpw \in¡nsñómWv bncaymhv {]hNn¨Xv. Fómð B{IaWw Dïmbt¸mÄ `bs¸«v HmSnb knsZ¡obmhns\ HmSn¨p ]nSn¡bpw, Xsâ ]p{Xòmsc I¬ap³]nð sh¨v sImes¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. AXpIgnªv knsZ¡obmhnsâ I®v AhÀ Ip¯ns¸m«n¨p (A²ym 39). knsZ¡obmhns\ N§ebnð _Ôn¨v _m_ntemWnte¡v sImïpt]mbn. AhnsS Hcp XShpImc\mbn XShdbnð sh¨v acn¨pt]mbn (52.11). kam[m\t¯msS acn¡pI Fómð Cu AÀ°añ Rm³ sImSp¡póXv. ap¸¯n\memw A²ymb¯nsâ 22þ#w hmIy¯nð sblqZy hnP\am¡s¸Spsaópw a\pjyhmkanñmXmIpsaópw {]hNns¨¦nepw AXpw kw`hn¨nñ. sbcpitew IogS¡n¡gnªv Ipsdt¸sc XShpImcm¡pIbpw, sKZeymhns\ s\_pJZvt\kdnsâ KhÀ®dm¡pIbpw sNbvXp (40.1þ5). sKZñymhnsâIqsS Xmakn¡m³ bncaymhn\v A\phmZw sImSp¯p. btlmh _m_ntemWns\ sbcpiteans\Xnsc D]tbmKn¡pI Bbncpsó¦nepw Ahkm\w ssZhw _m_ntemWns\bpw in£n¡psaópw Ahcpw CtX ØnXnbnemIpsaópw {]hNn¨p (51.28þ29). CXv bncaymhns\ Hcp `ocphm¡pI am{Xañ, CXpt]msebpÅ {]hN\§Ä AXnibw P\n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿póp.

hnem]§Ä 4.22þð btlmh C\nbpw Xsâ a¡sf XShpImcmbn Hcn¡epw hnSnñ Fóv {]hNn¨p. Fómð tdmam¡mcpsS A[o\Xbnð {]hmknIfmbpw XShpImcmbXpw Ignª hnhcw Adnb¯¡ Ignhv bncaym {]hmNI\v Cñmbncpóp. AXpw Ignªv F{Xtbm Øe§fnð XShdbnð AhÀ¡v InSt¡ïn hóp.

sblkvtIð Fó Nn¯{`aapsïóv kwibnt¡ï {]hmNI³, tkmtZmapw ktadnbmbpw ]gbXpt]mse BIpsaóv {]hNn¨Xv Hcp h³ sXämbncpóp (16.55). bncaymhns\t¸mse, GtZmapw bn{kmtbensâ ssI¿mð hnP\amIpsaóv Cu {]hmNI³ {]hNn¨ncpóp (25.13). GtZman\p kw`hn¨ Gähpw ISp¯Xv AhÀ asämcp ]mc¼cyhpambn H¯ptNÀóv Pohnt¡ïXmbn hóXmWv. a²y]qÀÆ tZi¯nð CXv km[mcWbmbncpósñm.

sblkvtIensâ Gähpw henb t`mj¯cw tkmÀ \min¡psaóv {]hNn¨Xmbncpóp. (26.3þ4; 19þ21). tkmÀ s]mSnªv t]mIpsaópw Bcpw At\zjn¨mð Hcn¡epw Isï¯nsñópw sblkvtIð {]hNn¨p. Fómð ]nð¡me¯v CXv Iïp]nSn¨v ss__nfnð Xsó tkmdns\ ]cmaÀin¨ncn¡póp (aÀs¡m 3.8; As¸m 21.3). Cu ]«Ww s\_pJZvt\kÀ \in¸n¡psaóv Cu {]hmNI³ {]hNns¨¦nepw (26.7) A§s\sbmcp kw`hw Dïmbnñ. tkmÀ tdmam¡mcpsS A[o\Xbnð hfsc IoÀ¯ntI« Hcp Øeambncpóp. Cópw ses_mt\m\nð kpÀ ØnXnsN¿póp.

CuPn]väv \in¡psaóv {]hNn¡póXnð sblkvt¡ð sbi¿mhns\¡mÄ apónð \nev¡póp (29.10þ13). an¡hmdpw IogS¡nbncpó CuPn]väv Hcn¡epw hnP\ambncpón«nñ. AhcpsS P\§sf Bcpw `nón¨p NnXdn¨p¡fªnñ (30.23, 26). Nnón¨nXdnbhsc tiJcn¡psaóv ]dªXv (29.13) kt½f\ambncn¡pw. ap¸Xmw A²ymbw CXpt]mse ]e ]«W§fpsSbpw \mi§sf¸än {]hNn¡psó¦nepw Hópw \nhÀ¯nbmbn«nñ. A§s\sb¦nð, ih§Äs¡mïv Xmgv hcIÄ \ndbv¡psaópw càw aeItfmfw DbÀ¯psaópw ]dªXv (32.5þ6) F§s\ kw`hn¨ncn¡pw?

bn{kmtbense aeIÄ hnP\amIpsaópw Bcpw Hcp\mfpw AXnð IS¡nsñópw sblkvtIð {]hNn¨p (33.28). AXpw ]cmPbs¸«p. ZmhoZv \nXyPoh³ {]m]n¡psaópw (37.25) DbÀs¯gptó¡psaópapÅ bncaymhnsâ (bnc 30.9) A[nIw Adnbs¸Sm¯ {]hN\s¯ ]n´m§n (34.23þ24; 37.24). bn{kmtbð Hcpan¡psaópÅ (36.24; 37.21) {]hN\hpw sXänt¸mbn. sblsk¡nbmhnsâ `mh\bmb acn¨hÀ IñdIfnð \nópw hcpóXv (37.4, 12) ]nóoSv a¯mbn tbip DbÀs¯gptóät¸mÄ hnip²òmÀ DbÀs¯gpäXmbn D²cn¨p (a¯m 27.52þ53).

tbip{InkvXphpw Ipsd {]hN\§Ä \S¯nbncpóp. Gähpw apJyambXv Xsâ cïmw hchns\¡pdn¨pÅXmbncpóp. Aóv Pohn¨ncpó injyòmÀ acn¡póXn\p ap³t] tbip Xncn¨p hcpsaómbncpó {]hNn¨ncpóXv (aÀs¡m 9.1; a¯m 23.36; 24.34). Cu {]hN\w kw`hn¨nñ. injyòmÀ acn¨p, Cu {]hN\w C\nbpw Hcn¡epw \nhÀ¯nbmInñ. CXnð \nópw tbip ssZhtam, ssZhnIamb Fs´¦nepw Dïmbncpó hyàntbm Asñóv hyàamIpóp.

F{X {ian¨mepw ss__nfnse {]hN\§Ä ]cmPbambncpóp. AXnepw AXnibw hnizmknIÄ CXv {i²n¡mXncn¡póXnemWv. Fómð ss__nfnsâ Xsó hmIy§Ä {]Imcw Fñm {]hmNIòmcpw IÅ{]hmNIcmbncpóp. {]hmNIòmsc Bcpw {]tNmZ\w sNbvXn«nñmbncpóp. hnizmknIÄ sbslkvtIensâ ]pkvXIw 14.9þð Bizmkw Isï¯póp.