F\n¡v Fñmbvt¸mgpw {XnXz¯nsâ Bibs¯¡pdn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ hnjaambncpóp. Ccp]Xp hÀjambn "hoïpw P\n¨' Hcp {InkvXym\n Bbncnón«pw CXnsâ AÀ°w Fs´óv a\Ênem¡m³ Ignªnñ. aäp {InkvXym\nIÄ AhÀ¡v a\Ênembn Fóv AhImis¸Spsó¦nepw AXv kwtbmPn¸n¡phm³ AhÀ¡v Ignªncpónñ.

tdmt_À«v C³KÀtkmÄ CXns\¡pdn¨v hnaÀin¨ncpóp.

""hnizmka\pkcn¨v {InkvXp {XnXz¯nse cïma³ BIpóp. ]nXmhv Hóma\pw ]cnip²mßmhv aqóma\pw.

ChÀ Hmtcmcp¯cpw ssZhamWv. {InkvXp Xsâ Xsó ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw BIpóp. ]cnip²mßmhv ]nXmhñ ]p{X\pañ Fómð cïpw IqsS tNÀóXmWv.

]p{X³ DÛhn¨Xv ]nXmhnð\nópw BIpóp. Fómð Xm³ DÛhn¡póXn\p ap¼pXsó ]p{X³ Dïmbncpóp. ap¼pïmbncpóXp t]mse Xsó Aópw Dïmbncpóp. {InkvXphn\v ]nXmhnsâ A{Xbpw {]mbapïv. ]nXmhv ]p{Xt\mfw sNdp¸hpamWv.

]cnip²mßmhv ]nXmhnð \nópw ]p{X\nð\nópw hóp. Fómð AXn\p ap¼pXsó ]nXmhnt\mSpw ]p{Xt\mSpw Xpey\mbncpóp. AXmbXv, Xm³ DïmIpóXn\p ap¼pXsó aäp cïpt]cpsSbpw AtX {]mbambncpóp.

]nXmhv ssZhamIpóp, ]p{X\pw ]cnip²mßmhpw ssZhamIpóp; ChÀ aqóp t]cpwIqsS tNÀóv Hcp ssZhamIpóp Fóp {]Jym]n¨ncn¡póp. A§s\ kzÀ¤ob KpW\ ]«nI A\pkcn¨v Hóv KpWw Hóv aqómIpóp; aqóp KpWw Hóv HómIpóp. AXpt]mse \mw aqónð \nóv cïp Ipd¨mð Ahtijn¡póXv aqómIpóp. cïp kwJyIÄ X½nð Iq«póXnepw {]tXyIX Dïv. HónsâIqsS cïv Iq«nbmð In«póXv HómIpóp. Hmtcm BfpIfpw Ahcnð Xpeycpw aäpÅhtcmSv Xpeycpw BIpóp. {XnXz¯nsâ {]amW¯nsâ A{Xbpw t`mj¯camb asämcp X¯zhpw Cu temI¯nð Cñ. ''

{InkvXym\nIÄ Cóv Chbnð \nóv GXv XncsªSp¡Ww FódnbmsX hebpó Hcp AhØbnemWv. ]gb\nba¯nð ]dbpóXp {i²n¡p; ""Rm³ Rm³ Xsó btlmh; Rm\ñmsX Hcp c£nXmhpanñ.'' (sbsi 44.11)

""c£ btlmhbv¡pÅXmIpóp .. '' (k¦o 3.8). ''.. .. .. btlmhsbó Rm³ Xsó \nsâ c£I³'' (sbsi 43.3). ]gb\nba{]Imcw ssZhw HcmÄ am{XamWv c£nXmhv. c£nXmhv BIWw F¦nð tbip{InkvXphpw ssZhw BIWw. {XnXzs¯ ]n³Xm§póhÀ ]dbpóp;

""Rm\pw ]nXmhpw HómIpóp '' (tbml 10.30).
""Fsó Iïh³ ]nXmhns\bpw Iïncn¡póp '' (tbml 14.9)
""BZnbnð hN\w Dïmbncpóp; hN\w ssZht¯mSpIqsS Dïmbncpóp; hN\w ssZhambncpóp'' (tbml 1.1)
""]nXmhv Fónepw Rm³ ]nXmhnepw Fóv \n§Ä {Kln¨v AdntbïXn\v ...'' (tbml 10.38)
""]cnip²]nXmth AhÀ \s½t¸mse HómtIïXn\v ....... '' (tbml 17.11)

ss__nfnð {XnXzs¯ ]n´pWbv¡pó hmIy§tf¡mÄ A[nIw AXns\ \ntj[n¡pó hmIy§fmWv.

""\ñh³ Fóv F´n\v Fsó hnfn¡Ww? \ñh³ Hcp¯t\ DÅp; '' (a¯m 19.17)
""]nXmhv Fsó¡mÄ henbh\tñm'' (tbml 14.28)
""Fsâ D]tZiw FtâXñ; Fsó Ab¨htâXt{X'' (tbml 7.16)
""]nXmth Ignbpsa¦nð Cu ]m\]m{Xw F¦ð\nóv \o§nt¸mtIWta; F¦nepw Rm³ CÑn¡pw t]mse Añ; \o CÑn¡pw t]mse BIs«'' (a¯m 26.39)
""Fsâ ssZhta Fsâ ssZhta \o Fsó ssIhn«Xv F´v?'' (a¯m 27.46)
""B \mfpw \mgnIbpw kw_Ônt¨m ]nXmhñmsX Bcpw kzÀ¤¯nse ZqXòmcpw ]p{X\pw IqsS Adnbpónñ'' (aÀs¡m 13.32)
""Ah³ kzÀ¤¯nte¡v t]mbn ssZh¯nsâ he¯p `mK¯v Ccn¡póp ""(1]s{Xm 3.22)

ChnsSbmWv {]XnkÔnbpÅXv. a\pjysc c£n¡Wsa¦nð tbip{InkvXp ssZhamIWw. CXv {InkvXym\nIÄ¡v hfsc \ómbn Adnbmw. ss__nfpw A{]Imcw ]dbpóp. adn¨v ssZhw Añ F¦nð, c£nXmhmIm³ Ignbnñ. tbiphnâ acWw AÀ°anñmsX Bbn¯ocpw. CXn\mð {InkvXym\nIÄ {XnXzw Fó XXzw Iïp]nSn¨p. tbiphnsâ ssZhoIX AXnð ImWpasñm. tbip a\pjy\mWv. tbip ssZhamWv. tbip cïpamWv. c£nXmhv BIWsa¦nð cïpamIWw. Nnet¸mÄ ssZh¯nð GIs\óv tbip {]Jym]n¡pt¼mÄ aäp Ahkc§fnð X\n¡nñm¯ Adnhv ssZh¯n\psïópw X\n¡v {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Ignbm¯Xv ssZh¯n\p Ignbpsaópw ]dbpóp. {XnXzw sXfnbn¡m³ {InkvXym\nIÄ F´p sN¿m\pw aSn¡nñ. ""CXv hfsc AÛpXsaópw'' ""CXp a\Ênem¡m³ \ap¡v Ignbnsñópw'' AhÀ ]dbmdpïv. ss__nÄ ]cn]qÀ®hpw, sXänñmsX ssZhw {]tNmZ\w sNbvXXpamtWm? {InkvXym\nIÄ sas\sªSp¯ {XnXzw Fó {]amWw F§s\bmWv DïmbXv?

{XnXz¯nsâ DÛhw `bm\IamWv. {InkvXpaX¯nsâ aäp Ncn{X kw`h§Ä t]mse CXpw A[nIw hô\bpw càsNmcn¨nepw krjvSn¨ncpóp. At\IcpsS Poh³ \jvSs¸«n«mbncpóp, {XnXzw AXnsâ Ahkm\ cq]¯nð F¯nt¨ÀóXv.

{XnXzw Fó hm¡v ss__nfnð F§pw Xsó FgpXs¸«n«nñ FóXv an¡hmdpw Fñm {InkvXym\nIÄ¡pw Adnbmhpó kwKXnbmWv. AXnsâ Hcp {][m\ ImcWw Fs´ómð Cu imkv{Xw {InkvXpaX¯nsâ BZyIme§fnð DÛhn¨Xn\membncpóp. ]e {]mhiyw Xncp¯s¸SpIbpw ]eÀ AXn\pthïn Poh³ \evIpIbpw sNbvXXn\p tijambncpóp Ahkm\w AXv {InkvXpaX¯nse hnizmk{]amW¯nsâ Hcp `mKambXv.

tIm¬Ìmssâ³ þ {XnXzw ChnsS XpS§póp.

^vfmhnbkv htednbkv tIm¬Ìmânbkv (285þ337 F Un), AYhm alm\mb tIm¬Ìmssâ³, tIm¬Ìmânbkv Hóma³ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS ]p{X\mbncpóp. F.Un 306þð Xsâ ]nXmhnsâ acWtijw tIm¬Ìmssâ³ {_n«³ , KuÄ ({^m³kv), kvs]bn³ Fóo cmPy§fpsS N{IhÀ¯nbmbn. Npcp§nb Imew sImïv tdma³ km{amPy¯nsâ \nb{´Ww ssI¿nem¡n.

tbip{InkvXphns\¸änbpÅ hyXyاfmb hnizmkw tIm¬Ìmssâsâ km{amPy¯nð DSseSp¯p. Gcnbkv {]amW{]Imcw tbiphns\bpw krjvSn¨XmIpópthm AtXm A¯mt\kykv {]amW{]Imcw ssZh Xpey\pw A\izc\pw BIpópthm Fóp hmZn¡pó cïp Iq«w hnizmknIfmWv DSseSp¯Xv.

A¯mt\jykv, Gcnbkv hnhmZw \mÄ¡p \mÄ iàntbdn hóp. Xsâ km{amPy¯nð C§s\sbmcp hnhmZw Dsïóp a\Ênem¡nb tIm¬Ìmssâ³, CXv henb Hcp AXymlnXamIpóXn\p ap³]v AhcpsS hyXymk§Ä Fñmw H¯pXoÀ¸m¡Wsaóv `mchmlnItfmSv BÚm]n¨p. Ahkm\w H¯pXoÀ¸n\mbn tIm¬Ìmssâ³ F.Un 325ð \nIymbnð Hcp kanXntbmKw hnfn¸n¨p.

318 _nj¸pamÀ am{Xsa tbmK¯nð ]s¦Sp¯pÅp. AhÀ BsIbpÅhcnð \nóv 18 iXam\w am{Xambncpóp. 318t]cnð GItZiw 10 _nj¸pamÀ hS¡³ {]hniybnð \nópw hóhcmbncpóp. AXn\mð thm«v sNbvXXv \njv]£ambncpónñ. ]mIamImsX hóp. tIm¬Ìmssâ³ _eambn Xm³ hnizkn¡pó{]Imcw thm«p sN¿m³ _nj¸pamsc \nÀ_ÔnXcm¡n.

tIm¬Ìmssâ³ BZys¯ {InkvXob N{IhÀ¯nsbóv {InkvXym\nIÄ AhImis¸Spsó¦nepw tIm¬Ìmssâ³ {InkvXym\nbmbXv cmjv{Sob ImcW§fmembncpóp. {InkvXob {]amW§fnð X\n¡p hnizmkw Dïmbncptóm FóXv kwibIcamWv. CXnt\mSv _Ôs¸« ImcW§fmð Hcp aIs\bpw, `mcym ktlmZcs\bpw, A\n´chs\bpw, Hcp `mcysbbpw tIm¬Ìmssâ³ sImópIfªp. acWw hscbpw Xm³ GtXm Hcp hyXyØamb aX¯nse alm]ptcmlnXs\ó Øm\t¸cv ssIhiw sh¨ncpóp. acWInS¡hsc tIm¬Ìmssâ³ amtamZok FSp¯ncpónñ.

\nIy³ kq\ltZmkv

`qcn`mKw _nj¸pamcpw A¯m\mkntbmkv kn²m´¯n\mWv thm«psNbvXXv. A§s\ A¯m\mkntbmkv hnizmk{]tabw kzoIcn¨p. Gcobkns\ Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw ]nóoSv \mSpIS¯pIbpw sNbvXp. ]e Xc¯nepÅ XÀ¡§fnð\nópw Ipä§fnð\nópw c£s]Sm³ thïn thm«p sN¿póXn\p ap¼pXsó [mcmfw _nj¸pamÀ \mSp hn«ncpóp. tbip{InkvXphpw ]nXmhmb ssZhhpw Hcpt]msesbóv Aómbncpóp Xocpam\n¨Xv. Ing¡pw ]SnªmdpapÅ HmÀs¯mtUmIvkv k`IÄ X½nð Cópw Cu {]amW¯nð hyXyØX ImWn¡póp FóXv hfsc hnNn{XamIpóp. ]Snªmd³ HmÀs¯mtUmIvkv k`Isf Cu thms«Sp¸v bmsXmcp hn[¯nepapÅ kzm[o\w sNep¯nbn«nñ.

Gcnbkv A\pIqenIfmb cïp _nj¸pamsc¡qSn \mSpIS¯pIbpw, Gcnbknsâ ssIs¿gp¯p {]XnIÄ \in¸n¡bpw sNbvXp. Gcnbknsâ {]amW§fpsS {]XnIÄ BcpsSsb¦nepw ssIhiapsï¦nð AhÀ acWin£bv¡p hnt[bcmIpsaóv tIm¬Ìmssâ³ {]Jym]n¨p.

\nIy³ kq\ltZmkv C{]Imcambncpóp;

""Rm³ GIssZh¯nð hnizkn¡póp; Zriyambn«v DÅXpw AZriyambn«v DÅXpw kzÀ¤¯nsâbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSmhmb ]nXmhmb ssZhw''

""temI§Ä DïmIpóXn\p ap³]v ]nXmhmb ssZhw P\n¸n¨Xpw ssZhm[n ssZhhpw, {]Imi¯nsâ DdhnShpw, ]cnip²ambXpw krjvSn¡msX ]nXmhnsâ icoc¯mð P\n¸n¨Xpw, Fñmw Ah\nðIqSn krjvSn¨Xpamb ssZh¯nsâ GIPmX\mb ]p{X\pw Htc icochpamb tbip{InkvXphnepw''

\nIy³ kq\ltZmkv \S¸m¡nsb¦nepw {]iv\§Ä XoÀónñ, Npcp§nb Imew sImïv Gcnb³ A\pIqenIÄ AhcpsS \nb{´Ww hosïSp¡pIbpw A¯m\mknbkv hn`mK¯ns\ ]ckyambn Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. Ime{ItaW AhÀ Gcnb³ hn`mK¡msc¡mÄ iànbpÅhcpw Bbn¯nÀóp. tIm¬Ìmssâ³ Ahsc hosïSp¡pIbpw A¯m\mknbkpImsc Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

Gcnb³sâbpw A\pIqenIfpsSbpw \mSpIS¯ð Ahkm\n¨p. ]nóoSv A¯m\mknbkpImsc \mSpIS¯n. tIm¬Ìmssâsâ acW¯n\p tijw (tIm¬Ìmssâs\ Hcp Gcnb³ _nj¸mbncpóp amtamZok ap¡nbXv) aI³ Gcnb³ {]amW§Ä \S¸m¡pIbpw A¯m\mkntbmkns\ Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

XpSÀópÅ hÀj§fnð cmjv{Sobambn cïp hn`mK¡mcpw X½nð {]iv\§Ä hfscbpïmbncpóp. Gcnb³ hn`mK¡mÀ AhcpsS kzm[o\w Zpcp]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIbpw Ahkm\w Øm\`rjvScmIbpw sNbvXp. aXcmjv{Sob XÀ¡§Ä A[nIw càs¨mcn¨nepw sIme]mXI§fpw Dïm¡n. F.Un 381þð XnsbmtUmjykv N{IhÀ¯n (Hcp {XnXzhmZn) tIm¬Ìmânt\mt¸mfnð Hcp kanXn IqSn. AXnð kw_Ôn¡m³, {XnXzs¯ A\pIqen¡pó _nj¸pamsc am{Xsa A\phZn¨ncpópÅp. 150 _nj¸pamÀ kw_Ôn¨ncpó B kanXn, \nIy³ kq\ltZmknð amäw hcp¯m\pw ssZhXz¯nð ]cnip²mßmhns\¡qSn DÄs¸Sp¯m\pw thm«p sNbvXp. Aóp apXð {XnXzw \S¸nembn. hntbmPn¨p \nóncpó _nj¸pamsc ]pd¯m¡n.

A¯m\mkntbmkv kq\ltZmkv {XnXzw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡póp.

A¯m\mkntbmkv kq\ltZmkv GItZiw Aômw \qämïnð \S¸m¡n. AXv A¯m\mkntbmkv FgpXnbXñmbncpsó¦nepw B \ma¯nemWv Adnbs¸«Xv. AXnð ]dbpóXv;

""\mw {XnXz¯nð GIssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡póp. ]nXmhv ssZhamIpóp; ]p{X³ ssZhamIpóp; ]cnip²mßmhpw ssZhamIpóp Fómð AhÀ aqóp ssZh§fñ, GIssZhamIpóp''

9þ#w \qämtïmSpIqSn {XnXzw kvs]bn³, {^m³kv, sPÀa\n Fóo cmPy§fnð Øm]nXambn. {XnXz¯nsâ XXz§Ä Øm]n¡m³ {InkvXphn\p tijw At\Iw \qämïpIÄ thïnhóp. {XnXzw hfcm\pw {InkvXpaX¯nse bmYmØnI Nn´bmIm\pw ImcWw Khs×âpw tZhmeb¯nse cmjv{Sobhpambncpóp.

hô\bnð¡qsSbpw, càs¨mcn¨nepw, A\h[n acW§fpw, cmjv{Sobhpw IeÀóXpw {InkvXym\nbñm¯ Hcp N{IhÀ¯nbmepambncpóp {XnXzw hfÀóXv Fóv hyàambn Fóv hnizkn¡póp.

F´psImïv tbiphns\bpw ]cnip²mßmhns\bpw {InkvXob/ sblqZ ssZh¯ns\m¸w sImïphóp? an¡hmdpapÅ AhnizmknIfpsS temI¯nð Ft¸mgpw aqóp tZhòmcpïmbncpóp. AXpt]msebpÅ ]Ým¯e¯nð \nópw hó hnizmknIsf AXv hfsctbsd kzm[o\n¡bpw kwXr]vXcm¡bpw sNbvXp. aäp ]e BNmc§fpw {InkvXpaXw Zs¯Sp¯Xpt]mse {XnXzhpw _lnjvIcn¡póXn\p ]Icw AXv \S¸nem¡n.

krjvSmhmb {_Òmhpw, hnjvWphpw, inh\pw tNÀó {XnXzamWv lnµpaX¯nð DÅXv. tlmdkv, sFknkv, Hmkndnkv tNÀóXmbncpóp CuPn]vänepïmbncpó {XntZhòmÀ.

{InkvXpaX¯nð Hcp ssZhamtWm AtXm aqóp ssZh§fS§nb Hcp ssZhamtWm DÅXv? an¡hmdpapÅ Fñm k`Ifpw {XnXzs¯ ]Tn¸n¡psó¦nepw Cópw ]e k`Ifpw AXns\ _lnjvIcn¡póp. GXp {]amWw XncsªSp¡m\pÅ kzmX{´yw \ap¡psï¦nepw {XnXzsaó {]amW¯nð hnizmkanñmXncn¡póXv Bt£]IcamWv.