Chapter 16 Covalent Bonding Atoms Sharing Electrons |
16.1 - The Nature of Covalent Bonding-Covalent bonding involves two atoms sharing electrons because there is not enough electronegativity difference to actually cause the elecrons to be transfered. 1 - Use Dot Structures to show the formation of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. 2 - Describe and give examples of: Coordinate Covalent Bonds, Resonance Structures, Octet Rule and Exceptions to Octet Rule . |
structural formula unshared pairs of e- double covalent bonds triple covalent bond coordinate covalent bond bond dissociation energy diamagentic/paramagnetic |
16.2-Bonding Theories This model assumes that when two atoms bond their atomic orbitals overlap to produce Molecular Orbitals or orbitals that apply to the enitre molecule. 1 - Describe the molecular orbital theory of covalent bonding including orbital hybridization. 2 - Use VSEPR Theory to predict the shapes of simple covalently bonded molecules. |
bonding orbital antibonding orbital sigma bond pi bond tetrahedral angle VSPER Theory hybridization |
16.3 - Polar Bonds & Molecules The more electronegative atom in a bonded pair will sometimes not share the electrons evenly, creating a negative and a positive "pole" within the bond. If, due to the shape of the molecule, these polar bonds can be orientated in such a way that the entire molecule will have a positive and a negative "pole" and therefore be a "polar molecule". Polar molecules have different physical and chemical properties than non-polar molecules of similar size. 1 - Use electronegativity values to classify bonds Ionic, Polar Covalent or Nonpolar Covalent 2 - Name and describe the weak attractive forces that hold groups of molecules together. |
polar covalent bond ionic bond polar molecule dipole van der Waals forces dispersion forces dipole interaction hydrogen bonds network solids |
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