¨
jif{ –@¨ c+s–!# ¨ @)^@ ;fn df3 ^ ut] ljxLjf/ ¨ ( 19 Jan. 2005 Thursday)5'jf5'tk'0f{ Aoaxf/ g} dfgj clwsf/sf] d'Vo ;d:of
g}g ?rfn
wgs'6f÷lhNnfsf] 8fF8fahf/ uflj; j8f g+= $ sL nIdL kl/of/n] cfˆgf] 5f]/f !@ jif{ k'Ubf;Dd klg ljBfno egf{ ug{ kfO{gg\ . pgn] :yfgLo gjLg ;'Aaf;+usf] ;Dks{df 5f]/f hGdfPsL x'g\ . ljx] ug]{ cfZjf;g lbP/ pgsf] of}g zf]if0f u/]kl5 3/ 5f]8]/ efu]sf gjLg clxn];Dd 3/ kmls{Psf 5}gg\ . To;}n] pgn] 5f]/fsf] g hGd btf{ ug{ kfO{g\, g t ljBfno egf{ ug{ g} . clxn] klg pgL elG5g\–æoltv]/ d]/f] 5f]/f]n] SLC kf; ul/;Sg] lyof] . t/ d blnt ePs} sf/0f d]/f] 5f]/f lzIff kfpg] clwsf/af6 jl~rt eof] .Æ o:tf k|s[ltsf ;d:of ef]Ug]x? wgs'6fdf y'k|} 5g\ .
v'jfkmf]s uflj; j8f g+= @ sf nlnt lj=s=n] uflj;df v'n]sf] sfof{no ;xfos kbdf lgj]bg lbg} kfPgg\ . pgL lgj]bg lbg hfFbf uflj; cWoIf :jod\n] eg]– ltdL blnt xf} . oxfF sfof{no ;xfos ePkl5 slxn] lrof agfpg' k5{ . slxn] vfhf afF8\g' k5{ . To;}n] ltdLn] lgj]bg glbg' /fd|f] xf] . lj=P8=df cWoog/t lj=s=n] s}of}+ lhl2 ubf{ klg lgj]bg btf{ ug{ g;s] kl5 pgL kms{g afWo eP . æcflv/ xfdLn] of]Uotf eP/ klg cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g'k5{ eg] oL ;l6{lkms]6x?sf] s] sfd <Æ nlnt k|Zg u5{g\ . jxfFn] o:tf] vfnsf] Jojxf/ s]xL jif{ cl3 dfq ef]Ug' ePsf] lyof] .
b'O{ jif{ cl3 ;b/d'sfdd} /x]sf] b'w ;+sng s]Gb| sfut]n] % 3/ blntx?n] NofPsf] b'w bz}+e/L lng dfg]g . blntn] NofPsf] b'w b]ptfn] ;xFb}gg\ eg]/ kmsf{pg] sfd ul/of] . kl5 blnt tyf s]xL cu'jf u}/blntx?sf] ;d]t bjfj kl5 b'w lng afWo kfl/Psf] lyof] . ;b/d'sfd leq} /x]sf] b'w ;+sng s]Gb|df o:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf]df dfG5] dfG5] jLr s'g} hft, ln+usf cfwf/df e]befj ug{ kfO{b}g eGg] dfgj clwsf/ ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kqs} lvNnL p8]sf] wgs'6f gu/kflnsf j8f g+= @ sf cu'jf blnt sfo{stf{ k|]d k's{'6L atfpg'x'G5 .
clxn] klg d'uf uflj; j8f g+= % sf] blnt j:tL ql;t cj:yfdf 5 . ut;fnsf] df3df ljx]sf] et]/df cfuf] tfk]sf] lgxF'df ToxfFsf blntx?nfO{ ufpF lgsfnf ug]{;Ddsf k|oTgx? ul/P . ;f] 36\gfsf] sf/0f clxn] s]xL o'jfx? ufpF 5f8]/ cGoq} uO{;s]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL o'jfx? dfly ufpF 5f8\g' kg]{ wDsL cfO{/x]sf] 5 . kLl8t o'jf cflzif ljz+v] eG5g\–æhxfF e]6\of] ToxL+ dfg]{ wDsL cfpF5, xfdL oxfF s;/L a:g] <Æ :jtGq ?kdf afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] ;f] blntj:tLsf k9\b} u/]sf slnnf o'jfx?n] k9\g kfpg] clwsf/ ;d]t u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . ljleGg blnt ;+3 ;+:yf tyf dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;d]t uP/ ;d:of ;'Nemfpg vf]Hbf klg ;d:of HoF" sf ToF" 5 . dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf x';f8]s g]kfnsf dbg a;]n eGg'x'G5- æclwsf/sf af/]df b'j} kIf ;r]t gePsfn] oxfF of] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .Æs/Lj @ dlxgf cl3 dfq gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] Pp6f xf]6ndf xf]6njfnf a;Gt k|wfgn] a'9Ldf]/Ë uflj;sf a'l4s'df/ kl/of/ / gu/kflnsfs} uf]kfn ljZjsdf{ dfly b'/Jojxf/ u/]sf lyP . xf]6n h:tf] ;fj{hlgs :yndf c? ;/x a;]/ vfg kfpg] clwsf/af6 al~rt x'g k'u]sf pgLx?n] ljleGg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf, /fhg}lts bn tyf gful/s ;dfhnfO{ u'xfg'{ k¥of] . ;a}sf] ;fd'lxs k|oTgaf6 xf]6n dflnsnfO{ dfkmL dufpg pgLx? ;kmn ePsf lyP . o;/L wgs'6f lhNnf k'jf{~rns} ;b/d'sfd eP/ klg 5'jf5'tsf 36\gfx? k|z:t} x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . 5'jf5't k|yf g} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] pNn+3gsf] 36\gf ePsf] atfpg' x'g] blnt PlS6lei6 o'j/fh bgf{n blnt / u}/blnt b'j} kIfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ljifodf ;r]t u/fpg' kg{] ljrf/ /fVg'x'G5 . To;}n] cfkm'x? o;sf nflu sfd ul//x]sf] jxfF atfpg'x'G5 . To;f] t wgs'6fdf dfgjclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+3 ;+:yfx? klg lgs} 5g\ . t/ klg blntx?n] kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/sf] ljifodf ;r]tLs/0f ug]{ ;jfndf eg] Tolt k|ult ePsf] kfO{b}g . dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf tyf x';f8]s g]kfnsf cWoIf s]zj kxf8L eGg'x'G5- æs's'/nfO{ ax'nf elGbg] clg dfl/lbg] . clxn] blntx? dfly o:t} Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .Æ jt{dfg cj:yfdf /fHon] klg blntx?nfO{ z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]g]{ / ljb|f]xLn] klg pgLx?nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ u/]sfn] blntx? bf]xf]/f] df/df k/]sf] tkm{ nlIft ub}{ jxfFn] ;f] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] xf] . To;}n] x';f8]s g]kfnn] klg b'j} kIfnfO{ o;tkm{ ;r]t u/fpg ljleGg vfnsf lg0f{ox? eO{ /x]sf] jxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
dfgj eP/ hGd lnO{;s]kl5 p;n] afFRgsf nflu kfpg' kg]{ ;Dk'0f{ clwsf/sf] ;dfg pkef]u ug{ kfpg' g} dfgj clwsf/ xf] . t/ oL dflysf pbfx/0fx?n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36\gfx? ePsf 5g\, ef]Ug]x?df blntx? g} w]/} /x]sf 5g\ . JolQmn] ug]{ 5'jf5'tsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+, ;fj{hlgs :ynx?df ;d]t e]befjsf Jojxf/x? k|z:t} x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ff kq !($* df pNn]v ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL wf/fx? tyf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& df ul/Psf] ;dfgtfsf] xs ;DaGwL Joj:yf / blntx? dfly ug]{ ul/Psf Jojxf/x? x]bf{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/df d]n vfg g;s]sf] kfO{G5 . To;}n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/fpgsf nflu blnt / u}/blnt b'j} kIf plQs} nfUg'kg]{ blnt Pstf ;dfh wgs'6fsf ;+of]hs l8NnLZj/ bgf{n atfpFg'x'G5 . o;/L cleofgs} ?kdf cl3 ga9]df ;a}sf nflu dof{bf, ;dfgtf / Gofo ;kgf dfq x'g] jxfFsf] 7x/ 5 .
lg/+s'z /fhtGq afws
;GtjL/ nfdf
wgs'6f÷g]kfnL ls;fgx?sf] pTyfg / ljsf;df lg/+s'z /fhtGq k|d'v afws /x]sf] 7x/ z'qmjf/ k"jf{~rnsf s[ifsx?sf] wgs'6fdf ;DkGg e]nfn] u/]sf] 5 .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g
(WTO) / g]kfnL ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;efklt jf;'z/0f sf]O/fnfn] lg/+s'z /fhtGq /x];Dd g]kfnL ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of k|ltlbg 36\g'sf ;f6f] a9\b} hfg] ePsfn] ls;fgx? klg ca lg/+s'z /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt u/L nf]stGq :yfkgf ug{ cfGbf]ngdf ;zQm 9+un] cl3 a9\g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] .;f] cj;/df pxfFn] nf]stGqdf dfq ls;fgx?sf] ljsf; x'g]df hf]8 lb+b} To;sf nflu cfGbf]ng Psdfq ljsNk /x]sf] atfpg' eof] .
g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pk;efklt cfgGb ;Gtf]ifL /fO{n] ls;fgx?sf] cfGbf]ng cfFwLa]x/Lsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g yfn]sf]n] ca lg/+s'z /fhtGq ;dfKt x'g nfu]sf] atfpg' eof] .
pk;efklt /fO{n] jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ls;fgx?sf] lap, dn, l;+rfO, 9'jfgL / ahf/sf] ;'ljwfx? lbg k|ltlbg s6f}tL ul//x]sfn] of] lg/+s'z ;/sf/ ls;fgx?sf] kIfd g/x]sf] k|i6 ePsfn] o;nfO{ rfF8} ;dfKt ug{ ;zQm ls;fg cfGbf]ng cfjZos ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ls;fg ;+3sf dxf;lrj efg' l;Ub]nn] g]kfnL ls;fgn] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g
(WTO) af6 lgwf{l/t dfkb08 / u'0f:t/sf pTkfbg dfq c? ;b:o /fi6«x?sf] ahf/df lgof{t x'g] s'/f atfpg' eof] .k"jf{~rnsf ;a} lhNnfsf s[ifsx?n] efu lnPsf] pQm sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf s[lif ljz]if1 dbg /fO{n] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfnL ls;fg ;+3 wgs'6fsf ;efklt uf]ljGb kf}8]n, g]skf Pdfn]sf g]tf wd{/fh kf}8]n, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf uf]kfn kf}8]n, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k"jf{~rn pk;efklt ;~ho;Gtf]ifL /fO{n] clxn]sf] d"n ;d:of eg]s} lg/+s'z /fhtGq ePsfn] o;nfO{ ;bfsf nflu ;dfKt u/]kl5 dfq ls;fgx?sf] ljsf; / pGglt x'g] atfPsf lyP .
ljyfBL{x? ckxl/t
wgs'6f÷wgs'6f lhNnfsf] a;Gt6f/ uflj; j8f g+= @ l:yt l;+xb]jL dfWolds ljBfno rf}sL e~HofËaf6 d+unjf/ lbpF;f] !@ ah] dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps ;d"xn] krf;hgf ljBfyL{ ckx/0f u/L a]kQf agfPsf] 5 .
ljBfno k|zf;g / cleefjsx?nfO{ hfgsf/L g} glbO{ @ dlxnf / @ k'?if ;lxt dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f] ;d"x l;+xb]jL df=lj=df d+unjf/ lbpF;f] !! ah] cfOk'u]sf] lyof] . pgLx?n] pQm ljBfnosf] sIff &, * / ( df cWoog/t !) jif{b]lv @) jif{;Dd pd]/sf %) hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ hah{:tL ckx/0f u/L nu]sf] pQm ljBfnosf cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf lbnLk ;'Aafn] x]/fN8nfO{ atfP .
sIff !) df cWoog/t
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;d]t dfcf]jfbLn] nfg hah{:tL u/]sf] eP klg ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks clUg yfkfn] s]xL lbgd g} ;]G6ck k/LIff cfpg nfu]sfn] ljBfyL{x?sf] k9fO lau|G5 egL k|ltjfb u/]kl5 5fl8lbPsf] cWoIf ;'Aafn] atfP . cfkm\gf] jif{ !! sf] sIff & df cWoog ub}{ u/]sf 5f]/f ;'dg ;'AafnfO{ ;d]t dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df lrGtf JoQm ub}{ cfkm"x? a'wjf/ laxfg} b]lv ;a} cleefjs ldn]/ cfkm\gf s]6fs]6Lsf] vf]hLdf ufpF g} pN6]/ hfg] s'/f lbnLkn] atfP .Toltsf w]/} ljBfyL{x? clwsf+z afnaflnsfx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL s] sf nflu sxfF, lsg ckx/0f u/]sf x'g\ < s'g} hfgsf/L gePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ckx/0fdf kg]{x?df sIff & sf nIdL v8\sf, ;'/h lnDa", 6]s/fgL lnDa", lty{s'df/L s6'jfn nufotsf /x]sf 5g\ . cGosf] gfd v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g . sl/a # ;o %) ljBfyL{ cWoog/t pQm ljBfnosf] lxpFb] labfkZrft\ df3 @ ut]af6 ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . ljBfno v'n]sf] @ lbgkZrft gfgLx? ckx/0fdf k/]sf]df cfkm"x? dfgl;s lrGtfdf k/]sf] cleefjsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
la;] gurL{ w/fg cfpg]
w/fg÷slj >j0f d'sf?Ësf] Psn sljtf jfrg w/fgdf df3 * ut] x'g] ePsf] 5 .
cf}hf/ ;fKtflxssf] cfof]hgfdf pQm sljtf jfrg w/fgsf] z}lgs ejgdf x'g nfu]sf] xf] . g]]kfnL sljtfsf kf7s 5}gg\ eGg] e|dnfO{ rLg{ ;kmn slj d'sf?Ësf] Psn sljtfjfrg Oltxf;d} bf]>f] / k"jf{~rnsf] xsdf klxnf] ePsf] s'/f cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;b:o b]jfg ls/fFtLn] x]/fN8nfO{ jtfpg' eof] . Psn sljtfjfrg :jb]zdf dfq geP/ ljb]zdf klg ul/g] s'/f slj d'sf?Ën] x]/fN8nfO{ yk hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .
ds/;qmfGtL sk 6\ofS;L ;+3nfO{
ch'{g >]i7 …cf]em]nÚ
rfg'jf÷ds/ ;qmfGtLsf] cj;/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cGt/Snj :t/Lo gs cfp6 km"6jn k|ltof]uLtf zlgjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . c?0f gbLsf] lsgf/df tLg lbg ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] pQm v]ndf wgs'6fsf] kfv|Ljf;, rfg'jf, ;+v'jf;efsf] cfFlve"O{ / ef]hk"/sf] h/fof]6f/ uf=lj=;=sf hDdf t]x| j6f Snjsf km"6jn l6d ;xefuL ePsf lyP . h'g]nL :d[lt o'jf Snj h/fof]6f/n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;f] v]ndf kfv|Ljf;sf] sf]zL kxf8L 6\ofS;L ;+3 k|yd, h/fof]6f/ …PÚ l6d låtLo / cfof]hs h'g]nL :d[lt o'jf Snj t[tLo ePsf 5g\ . km]o/ Kn]o/ l6ddf l;D6f :kf]l6{ª o'jf Snj cfFlve"O{, pTs[i6 v]nf8L tkm{ l8NnL du/ / pTs[i6 lsk/ k'hg >]i7 3f]lift ePsf 5g\ .
k|ltof]uLtfdf pTs[i6 l6d tyf v]nf8LnfO{ k|df0fkq l;N8 tyf tSdf k|bfg ub}{ k|d'v clylt >L ofd s'df/ >]i7n] v]n cg'zfl;t ePsf] / cfpbf lbgx?df klg o:t} v]n k|bz{g ug]{ cfzf lnPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb lbb} o; c?0f gbLsf] :jR5 / /d0fLo :yndf ds/ ;qmfGtL d]nf nfO{ yk zf]ef a9fpg cfof]hgf ug{ yflnPsf]df o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] sfdgf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
k'/:sf/ ljt/0f sfo{qmddf clyltx?df :yfgLo a'l4lhjL tyf ;dfh;]jL kbd axfb'/ kf}8]n jnaxfb'/ >]i7 tyf b wgs'6f x]/fN8 k|ltlglw ch'{g …cf]em]nÚ >]i7sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
ltvf{ nfUbf ;ft' vfg] ls kfgL
…g gZolt tdf] gfd s[tof bLkjft{of .Ú cyf{t\ …jlQsf] s'/f u/]/ dfq cWof/f] x6\b}g, cWof/f] x6fpg t jlQ g} jfNg' k5{ .Ú xfd|f] k"jL{o bz{gn] xfdLnfO{ b]vfPsf] o:t} jf6fx?sf] cfwf/df g]kfnL efiffdf To:tf w]/} pvfg 6'Ssf tyf egfO{x? k|rngdf 5g\ h;n] xfdLnfO{ pko'Qm gLltjrgn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx dfg]/ cl3 j9\g / ;kmntfsf] lzv/ r9\g k|f]T;flxt ul//x]sf 5g\ . …s''/fn] Ro"/f leHb}g,Ú …s'/fn] /f]6L kfSb}gÚ …s'/f eGbf sfd u/Ú cflb h:tf g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|rngdf /x]sf nf]slk|o egfO{x?sf] cfzo klg …pHofnf]df j:g dg nfu]sf] 5 eg] jlQ jfNg] s'/f u/]/ k'Ub}g j? jlQ g} jfNg] k|oTg ug{'kb{5 g} xf] . oxL cfwf/df Pp6f egfO{ ;+;f/df ;fx|} nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5, Tof] xf] …cWof/f]nfO{ ;/fKg' eGbf Pp6f jlQ jfNg' /fd|f] x'G5 .Ú oL ;j} s'/fx?sf] lgisif{ Pp6} x'G5 . ;d:of cg';f/sf ;dfwfgsf pkfox? cjnDjg u/]/ dfq ;d:ofjf6 d'lQm kfpg ;lsG5 g ls ;d:of ;dfwfgsf ukm dfq u/]/ .
k|;Ë xfdL g]kfnLx?sf] cfkm\g} xf] . Ps bzsb]lv xfd|f] b]z lx+;fTds åGbdf emg\ emg\ ulx/f];Fu km:b} uO/x]sf] 5 . lx+;fsf] ljsNk zflGt xf] eGg] s'/f xfdL ;j}nfO{ yfxf 5 . clg xfdL ;j} zflGtsf] s'/f / sfdgf ul/x]sf 5f}+ . jGb's jf]s]/ cfdg] ;fdg]sf] n8fO{ n8\b} knkn d[To'sf] ;fdfgf ul//x]sf ljb|f]xLx? / ;'/IffsdL{x?n] klg rfx]sf zflGt g} xf] . plgx?nfO{ jGb's jf]Sg nufpg]x?n] klg d'n'sdf …Ho"bf] zflGtÚ :yfkgf ug{sf nflu eg]/ g} xft xftdf jGb's ydfOlbPsf] s'/f jf/Djf/ elg/x]sf 5g\ . k|To]s g]kfnLsf 3/ 3/b]lv lnP/ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] enf] rfxfg] ;+;f/sf dflg;x?n] klg g]kfndf zflGt xf];\ eGg] g} sfdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ klg b]zdf zflGt cfpg'sf] jbnf lsg czflGt emg\ emg\ ulxl/b} uO/x]sf 5 t < of] k|Zg g} clxn] ;j}sf nflu ;jeGbf dxTj /fVg] k|Zg xf] . of] k|Zgsf] ;xL ;xL pQ/ vf]Hg' g} xfdL ;j}sf] d'Vo wd{ / sd{ xf] . cyf{t\ b]zdf czflGtsf h8x?nfO{ kQf nufP/ zflGt kmsf{pg] sfddf nfUg' g} ;don] xfdLnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/ xf] . of] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ xfdL To; j]nf dfq ;Ifd x'G5f}+ hj xfdL ;j} cf-cfkm\gf] :jfy{ eGbf dfly p7]/ ;f]Rg, s'/f ug{ / sfd ug{ tof/ x'G5f}+ .
t/ xfd|f] jt{dfgn] Tof] s''/f b]vfO/x]sf] 5}g . xfdL ;j}sf dgdf cf-cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] 3/ 9l8b} uPsf] 5 t/ d'vn] eg] ;j} …;femf lxtÆ sf] ljifodf jg]sf] zflGt s} s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . clg sfd rfFxL xfdLn] u/]sf] s'/f;Fu s'g} ;fOgf] ;DjGwL g} gePsf] vfnsf] ul/x]sf 5f}+ xfd|f] dg, jrg / sd{df /x]sf] leGgtf xfd|f s'/f / Jojxf/x?df :ki6;Fu b]Vg ;lsG5 . xfdL s'/f zflGtsf] ul//x]sf 5f}+, ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] s'/f ul/x]sf 5f}+ . t/ xfd|f] sfd u/fO{n] eg] zflGtnfO{ xf]Og czflGtnfO{ lgDtf] ul//x]sf] 5 . of] s'/fdf dfqfTds ?kdf xfdL km/s x'g ;Sb5f}+ t/ u'0ffTds lx;fjn] eGg] xf] eg] xfdL ;j}sf] /f]u oxL g} xf] .
…s'/f Pp6f ug{] t/ sfd csf{] ug{] /f]uÚ jf6 b]zdf ;jeGbf j9L kLl8t ePsf] eg]sf] lxhf]b]lv cfh;Ddsf] ;/sf/ g} xf] . jt{dfgdf …ljg j'nfP d]xdfgÚ sf] ?kdf cfPsf] gu/ r'gfjs} s'/fnfO{ x]/f}+ g . h'g sf/0fn] b]zdf @)%( c;f]hkl5 /fhfn] jgfPsf ;j} ;/sf/x?n] ;jeGbf j9L u/]sf] s'/f eg]sf] r'gfj s} xf] . o; cl3sf ;/sf/x?n] r'gfjsf] s'/f u/]/ …ltvf{Psf g]kfnx?nfO{ kfgLsf] ;§ ;ft'Ú v'jfpg] k|of; -s'/f_ dfq u/]sf lyP t/ jt{dfg ;/sf/n] t ltvf{Psf g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'vdf hj/h:tL ;ft' sf]Rg yfnL g} ;s]sf] 5 . s] lxhf] b]lv cfh;Ddsf ;/sf/x?nfO{ …ltvf{Psf] dfG5]sf] d'vdf hj/h:tL ;ft' sf]Rbf To} ;ft' g} dfG5]sf] Hofg hfg] sf/0f x'G5 eGg] cg'ej l;4 s'/fsf] 1fg klg ;f/sf/nfO{ lyPg t Û clxn] g]kfnx?nfO{ ljem]sf] s'/f eg]sf] oxL xf] .
r'gfj s;/L x'G5 < jt{dfgdf r'gfj czflGt sf] pkrf/ xf] ls xf]Og < eGg] s'/f /fhf / /fhfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ /fd|} yfxf 5 . b]zdf emfFluPsf] lx+;fTds åGbsf] pkrf/ gul/sg r'gfjdf hfg' eg]sf] ltvf{Psf] dfG5]sf] d'vdf ;ft' sf]rL lbg' h:t} xf] . lsgls jt{dfgdf r'gfjn] zflGtsf] jf6f] xf}Og t czflGt / c;dembf/Lsf] jf6f]nfO{ emg\ emg\ km/flsnf] jgfpFb} nuL/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] r'gfjL s'/fjf6 e8\lsP/ lxhf];Dd kfgL jf/fjf/sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx? / dfcf]jfbL kIfsf ljrdf …r'gfjnfO{ c;kmn u/fP/} 5f8\g]Ú zt{df ;dembf/L g} e} ;s]sf] 5 . lxhf]sf lbg;Dd …;+j}wflgs /fhtGqÚ nfO{ cf-cfkm\gf] lz/sf] uxgf 7fg]/ uj{ ug{]x? wdfwd …;+j}wflgs /fhtGqÚ sf] uxgfnfO{ km'sfn]/ ˆofNb} lx8\g yfn]sf 5g\ . r'gfjdf p7\g], ef]6xfNg] / r'gfjL sfddf vl6Psfx?sf] …c;'/IffÚ sf] kf/f] lbg k|lt lbg j9L/x]sf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/ eg] b]zdf ljBdfg oL ;j} s'/fx?;Fu j]vj/ ePsf] h:tf] eP/ Psf]xf]/f] r'gfjL ehg ufpFgdf g} d:t 5 . clg 7f]; sf/0f, ts{ / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df jt{dfg gu/r'gfjsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf] ;j}nfO{ r'gfj lj/f]wL ljNnf le/fpg / ;j}nfO{ Ps} vfN8f]df xfNg] wdf; lbgdf g} Jo:t /x]sf] 5 . s] ltvf{sf] pkrf/ ;ft' xf]Og eGg' eg]sf] ;ft' eg]sf] slxNo} vfg gx'g] lrh xf] eg]sf] xf] / Û jt{dfgdf g]kfnLx?n] r'gfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{'sf sf/0fx? 5\ofË} 5g\ . ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfx?sf] r'gfjn] b]zdf zflGt jxfnL ug{ sxfFlt/ d2t k'¥ofpF5 Tof] s'/f rfFxL klxn] :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg' k5{ . ;/sf/åf/f b]zel/sf lhlj;x?df dgf]lgt u/]sf dflg;x?n] b]zdf zflGt jxfnLdf slt of]ubfg k'¥ofOP/x]sf 5g\ < s] plgx? ufpF ufpFdf uP/ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfd ug{ ;S5g < plgx?n] cfkm'nfO{ g} sltsf] ;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ < dgf]gog k|s[ofjf6 lhlj;n] k"0f{tf k|fKt u/]sf] / hgk|ltlglwsf] e"ldsf plgx?n] lgjf{x ug{] s'/f ;/sf/n] u/]sf] xf]Og < lhlj;df dgf]lgtx?sf] jf:tljs xfnt ;j}nfO{ yfxf 5 clg ef]lnsf lbgdf gu/lgjf{rgjf6 5flgP/ cfpg]x?sf] …xljutÚ rfFxL jt{dfg lhlj;sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] eGbf s;/L j]Un} x'G5 < kbflwsf/L dgf]gog ug{] ;/sf/n] t …jlnof] ;'/Iff 3]/fÚ leq j;]/ dfG5]x? 5fGg] sfd u¥of] t/ gu/ lgjf{rg k|s[ofdf dfG5] 5fGg] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf dtbftfx? / Tof] sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sd{rf/L Pj+ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] ;/sf/n] em}+ …;'/Iff 3]/fleq j;]sf]Ú c'gej ug{ ;S5g\ < r'gfj;Fu ;Dj4 x/]s kIfnfO{ knkndf c;'/Iffsf] c'ge"lt e}/x]sf] 5}g <
oL k|Zgx?sf] ;sf/fTds pQ/ lbg g t ;/sf/n] ;Sb5 g t ;/sf/L pQ/nfO{ s;}n] kTofpF5g\ . ;/sf/n] cfkm' ;'/Iff3]/f leq j;]/ ukm u/]/ x'Fb}g sfd / Jojxf/jf6 g} oL k|Zgsf pQ/x?df b]znfO{ ;Gt'i6 u/fpg ;Sg' kb{5 . lsgls jlQsf] ukm u/]/ cWof/f] pHofnf]df kl/0ft x'Fb}g . clxn] ;/sf/ jlQsf] ukm t ul//x]sf] 5 t/ Pp6f klg jlQ jfn]/ b]vfpg] hfFu/ / lxDdt eg] b]vfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . jt{dfgdf ;f/f b]zn] ;/sf/nfO{ eg]sf] s'/f oxL dfq xf] . o;}nfO{ ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] lj/f]w 7fg]/ jl;/x]sf] 5 clg ltvfPsf] dfG5]sf] d'vdf hj/h:tL ;ft' sf]Rg] h:tf] r/d d"v{ Jojxf/ k|b{zg ul/x]sf] 5 . of] s'/f ;jeGbf klxn] ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] j'‰g' h?/L 5 . cGoyf To;jf6 lg:sg] kl/0ffd ;/sf/s} nflu j9L xflgsf/s x'g] 5 eGg] s'/f eGg dfq ;lsG5, dfGg' gdfGg' ;/sf/sf] s'/f] xf] .
g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdfMåGb Joa:yfkg
em]nf] / rsds / 9'Ëfsf] /u]8n] cfuf] pTkfbg x'G5 t/ Tof] cfuf] pTkfbs x'G5 kl5 lgoGq0fdf /Xof] eg], sy+ lgoGq0faf6 aflx/ eP/ h+undf cfuf] nfUof] eg] klg 89]nf] kl5 ToxfF kfgL k/ kl5, jvf{df gofF phf{ ;lxt h+undf Pp6f gofF qmflGt cfpFb5 / ;a}lt/ x]/f}+ /ldtf nfUbf] xl/ofnL 5fpFb5 . To;}n] cfuf] Psdfg]df ljgfzsf/L ePtf klg csf]{ dfg]df pTkfbgzLn x'G5 . cfuf] jf:tjdf dfgj hLjgsf lgldQ Hofb} pkfof]uL, k|sfz lbg], hf8fsf] j]nfdf Gofgf] ug]{ / dfG5]sf] hLjgsf] cy{ g} tftf] x'g' xf] / of] kfgL h:t} clgjfo{ tTj xf] . t/ csf]{ cfuf] jd k8\sbf klg cfuf] hGdG5 / Tof] cfuf] 7"nf] dfqfdf nfUof] eg] To;n] w/tLsf] s'df/LTj cyjf /fi6«sf] s'df/LTj k"0f{ ;dfKt u/L lbG5, clg Tof] cfuf]n] ;f/f hdLgnfO{ 8Nnf] agfO lbG5Ù ToxfF s]xL klg pTkfbg x'g ;Sb}g / Tof] efu Joy{ 8Nnf] eP/ hfG5 . åGbsf] cfuf] klg jdsf] cfuf] h:t} xf] – olb ;b'kof]u ul/of] eg] Tof] klg tf phf{sf] s]Gb| xf]–zlQmsf] >f]t xf] t/ b'?kof]u ePsf] v08df sNkgf ug{ g ;lsg] Iflt x'G5 .
oxfFg]/ åGb Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf s]xL rrf{ ug{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;fGble{s ePsfn] åGbsf] cfuf]nfO{ s;/L lgoGq0f ug]{ / pTkfbgzLn Pj+ /fi6«sf nflu cfebfoL agfpg] eGg] ljifodf rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] . xfd|f] d'n'sdf åGbsf] cfuf]n] b]znfO{ 7"nf] gf]S;fg k'¥ofO{ lbPsf] 5 / Tof] cfuf]n] jdsf] cfuf] h:t} åGbsf] cfuf]n] /fi6«nfO{ ulx/f] 3fp nufPsf] 5 . ctM of] cfuf] cem} aNb} hfg] xf] eg] cem} s] slt gf]S;fg x'G5, yfxf 5}g–xTof, lx+;f, cft+s, n'6kf6 Pj+ ckx/0fsf] :j?kdf cfuf] nfu]s] b]lvG5 . åGb /fHo / hgtfsf] jLr t 5b}5 . hflt hfltsf jLr klg km}ng] xf] ls eGg] 8/ emg a9]/ uPsf] 5 . s;}n] s;}sf] clwsf/ hj/hl:t hLpg] ;Gbe{df lnof] eg], Tof] åGb rs{g' :jefljs x'G5 . h:t} xfQL a:g] h+unnfO{ dflg;n] cltqmd0f u¥of] eg] ToxfF åGb hgfj/ / dflg;sf] jLr x'G5 . dfG5]n] k|s[ltnfO{ c;fXo u/L rfKof] eg] k|s[ltn] ToxfF cfˆgf] k|s[of b]vfpg' klg :jefljs wd{ cGt/ut kb{5 . To:t} dflg; dflg; jLr ;DkGgtfsf] ;Gbe{df Hofb} 7"nf] vf8n aGg uof] eg] klg åGb hlGdP/ o'4df kl/0ft ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfh cljslzt /fi6«x?n] ljslzt /fi6«x?åf/f cfˆgf] zf]if0f ePsf] cg'ej u/] kl5 ToxfF lj:tf/} åGbsf] cfuf] htfttf pTkGg x'g k'u]sf] ljifo ;j{ljlbt} h:tf] 5 .
åGb jf:tjdf, dflg; dflg;sf] jLrsf] cGt/ xf] / To;df 7"nf] vf8n k¥of] eg] Tof] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ x'G5Ù clg cfk;df df/fdf/ x'G5Ù To:t} d'n'snfO{ s;/L cuf8L a9fpg] eGg] ;Gbe{d xfd|f] d'n'sjf;Lx?sf ljr lj:tf/} dtleGgtf a9]/ uPsf] w]/} nfdf] ;do eO{ ;s]sf] 5 , cfˆgf] s'/f] zlQm s]Gb|x? ;Fu cln slt klg g ldn] kl5, Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"xsf] cfˆgf] s'/f]nfO{ dgfpg afWo eP/ xltof/ p7fP/ h+un k:of] . To; kl5 d'n's lj:tf/} åGbsf] rk]6fdf km:of] . x'Fb} hfFbf clxn] cfP/ /fhfsf] k|hftGqsf] ckx/0fsf sf/0fn] ubf{ /fhf hgtf / /fhgLlt bnx?sf] jLr eofgs dtleGgtf a9] kl5 d'n'ssf] åGb cGt/ /fi6«Lo sf/0f x'g k'Uof] . w]/} dfqfdf åGb lgoGq0f aflx/ x'g k'u] kl5 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 oxfF åGb Joj:yfkgd nflu k/]sf] ljifo ;j{ljlbt} 5 . t/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« of] ljifodf cfhsn lg/fz ePsf] ;dfrf/x? klg ;'Gg yflnPsf] 5 .
xfd|f] d'n'sdf lxhf] /fhgLlt bnx?, dfcf]jfbLx? / /fhfsf] jLrdf åGb s]lGb|t lyof] eg] cfh cfP/ tLj| ?kdf /fhf /fhgLlt bn Pj+ hgtfsf jLr åGb rls{Psf] 5 . åGb Joj:yfsf ljifodf ufGwLhLn] eg]sf lyP–b'O{sf jLr åGb x'g] xf] olb s;}n] s;}nfO{ Ps yKk8 lbof] eg] csf]{ yKk8 klg dfFu, clg b'O{ eGg] ;+Vof x'Fb} x'Fb}g kl5 cfkm} yKk8 lbg]n] uNtL dxz'; u/L tkfO{sf] s'/f]nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ k'Ub5 . To:tf] pRr sf]6Lsf] g}ltstfjf6 clx+;fsf] dfWodåf/f Joj:yfkg x'G5 . / åGb Joj:yfkgsf] ;aeGbf /fd|f] tl/sf clx+;fTds jf6f] xf] t/ Tof] Hofb} 9Lnf] k|s[of xf] t/ ufGwLhL To:tf] k|s[ofdf 7"nf] ljZjf; ub{lyP . xfd|f] d'n'sdf klg ufGwLhLsf] jf6f] oxfFsf /fhgLlt bnx?n] of] åGb cGt ug{sf lgldQ clx+;fTds cfGbf]ngsf] dfWodåf/f k|hftGqsf] dfg]df, /fhf;Fu lj/f]w :j?k ;ljgo cj1f cfGbf]ng u/L /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg cfˆgf] ;z:q cfGbf]ng s]xL ;do /f]sL clx+;fTds jf6f]sf] dfWodåf/f cfˆgf] km/s dt hfx]/ u/L /x]sf lyP eg] /fHosf gfos /fhf cfˆgf] /fhx7 g5f]8L /fHosf t/kmjf6 hgtfn] eGbf eGb} klg clx+;fTds jf6f] ckgfpFb}g . tof/ gePsf] lsg b]lvG5 eg] /fHon] oqf] x'bf x'b} klg o'4 lj/fdsf] s'/f slxNo} u/]sf] s'/f ;'lgb}g . jf:tjdf lx+;fn] s;}sf] enf] ub}{g / Tof] tf adsf] h:t} cfuf] xf]–To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ;dodf g ug]{ xf] eg] /fi6«Lotfsf] s'df/LTj k|lt 7"nf] cf3ft kg{ ;Sb5 .
åGb lxhf] tLg lt/ lyof] eg] ca cfP/ åGb cfdg] ;fdg] ePsf] 5 . bnx? clns g/d ePsf] cj:yfdf /fhfn] hgclwsf/ jxfnL ug{sf lgldQ jftf{sf] 6]ljndf sd ;] sd ;j}nfO{ af]nfpFbf, Tolt w]/} s]xL lju|g]jfnf lyPg, olb o;f] g ul/g] xf] eg] 7"n} o'4sf] ?k gn]nf eGg ;lsGg . jftf{sf] 6]ljndf a:b}df ;j}yf]s 5f]8L xfNg' kg]{ tf lyPg xf]nf . clxn] cfP/ åGbnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf /fHonfO{ 7"nf] cj;/ ldn]sf] lyof] lsgls ;a} kIf clx+;fTds d'8df b]lvPsf lyP / 5g\ klg . t/ /fHon] åGb Joj:yfkg rfx] h:tf] b]lvb}g . To;sf] Ps gDj/ sf/0f eg]sf] cfGbf]ng/t kIf;Fu s'/f] gldnfO{sg r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ xf] / bf]>f] dfcf]jfbLx?n] o'4 lj/fd ljgf zt{ $, $ dlxgf h] eP klg ubf{ klg /fHon] cf}krfl/s ?kdf cGt//fi6«Lo hutnfO{ b]vfpg} eP klg o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff gug'{ xf] / t]>f] sf/0f eg]sf] cGt//fi6«Lo hut / bft[ ;+:yfx?n] ax'bnLo Joj:yf zt{ /fvL /fHon] jftf{ u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgdf hfg' kb{5 geP g]kfn h:tf] ;fg' d'n'sn] ca w]/} åGb vKg ;Sb}g eGbf eGb} klg Totf kl§ rf;f] g} g/fvL cfˆgf] s'/f] g5f]8L k'/fgf] k+rfotL z}nL ckgfpFb} Tof] Joj:yflt/ hfg] r]i6f b]vfpg'n] klg /fHon] zflGt grfx]sf] k|hftGq g;x]sf], sfg"gL /fHo gdfg]sf] nIf0f b]vf kb}{ uPsf] 5 . åGb Joj:yfkgsf] ;fFrf] /fhfn] af]s] kl5, cGoqjf6 hlt;'s} k|of; u/] klg åGbsf] cfuf] xfd|f] d'n'sdf glgEg] cj:yfdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . /fHosf ;xfos ;+rfnsx? åGb rls{of];\ eGg] kIfdf ePsf] s'/f–lxGb" /fhfsf] jf]nL g} sfg"g x'G5 eGg', /fHon] o'4lj/fd ub}{g eGg', )$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] sfd 5}g eGg', bnx? ca ;Qfdf slxNo} cfpFb}gg\ eGg' /fHonfO{ ;/n agfpg'sf] ;§f hl6n agfpb} hfg'n] o'4 nlDaP x'GYof] eGg] cy{ cfpg ;Sb5 . hh:n] g]kfnsf] åGbsf] ljifodf hlt;'s} ljj]rgf u/L cg]s sf/0fx? kQf nufP klg /fhfsf] sbdn] åGbn] tLj|tf kfpg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . / xfd|f] d'n'sdf /fhf åGbsf] k|d'v sf/0f x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . To;}n] /fhfsf] kxnn] åGb Joj:yfkgsf] k|f/De x'G5, To; kl5 Tof] kxn bnLo Joj:yfsf] kIfdf /Xof] eg] /fhgLlt bn, dfcf]jfbL, hgtf / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;a} ldn]/ xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . cfzf u/f}+ åGbsf] Joj:yfkg h] eP klg ;don] u/fpg ;sf];\ .
o]n] tª\j] / df3] ;qmflGt
–
ltnlaqmd r]Dhf]Ë lnDa"df3] ;qmflGt ;a} rf8 dWo] h]7f] rf8 xf] . k|s[ltsf] lgod, ult cg';f/ ePsf] 1fgsf] ljsf;, dfgj hfltsf] cflbd Oltxf;, k"vf{k|lt ul/g] ;Ddfg cflbn] ubf{ of] rf8sf] ;j{>]i7tf, h]7f]kg / ;j{dfGotfn] df3] ;qmflGtsf] cfkm\g} dxTj 5 . ev{/} df3 dlxgfsf] lr;f];Fu} tftf] tftf] pl;g]sf] t?n, /f]6L;Fu} cGo kmNnfxf/ vfP/ df3] ;qmflGt cyf{t sSkm]Sjf tª\gfd dgfOof] . csf]{ lt/ g]kfnsf cflbjf;L ls/ftL ;d'bfon] o]n] ;Djt\sf] gofF lbgsf] ?kdf df3] ;qmflGtnfO{ w'dwfdsf;fy cf cfkm\gf] uR5] cg';f/ z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg ;lxt dgfP . klxnf] ls/ftL /fhf onDa/n] k|rngdf NofPsf] ;Djt\nfO{ o]n] ;Djt\sf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 . Oltxf;sf/x?sf] egfO{df o]n] ;Djt\ jif{ km/s km/s ?kdf cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . h;df Oltxf;sf/ Odfgl;+ r]Dhf]ªsf] cg';f/ #))) jif{sf] cf;kf;, l8NnL/d0f /]UdLsf] cg';f/ @^))jif{ cf;kf; u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 eg] k]|daxfb'/ dfaf]xfª / e'k]Gb| 9'Ë]nsf cg';f/ ut df3 ! ut] b]lv o]n] ;Djt\ %)^% z'? ePsf] 5 . Oltxf; lhTg]x?sf] nflu ePsf]n] o]n] ;Djt\df of] ljljwtf cfPsf] x'g ;S5 . h]xf];\ o]n] ;Djt\ sltcf}+ jif{ xf] eGg] cs}{ vf]hsf] ljifo x'g ;St5 . oxfF p7fg ug{ vf]lhPsf] o]n] ;Djt\sf] gofF lbg s'g xf] eGg] ljifo xf] .
o]n] ;Djt\sf] gofF jif{ s'g lbg b]lv z'? x'G5 eGg] ljifodf dte]bx? gb]lvPsf xf]Ogg\ . s;}n] h]7 dlxgfnfO{ s;}n] r}q dlxgfnfO{ / s;}n] df3 dlxgfnfO{ jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfsf] ?kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L oL dlxgfnfO{ o]n] tª\j] -;Djt\_sf] z'? dlxgf dfGg'sf] k5fl8 cf cfkm\g} ts{x? x'g ;S5g\ . t/ tL ts{x? ;f+:s[lts tyf j}1flgs ?kdf cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 . o;} ;Gbe{df lnDa"x?sf] Ps dfq ;femf ;+:yf ls/ft ofSy'ª r'Dn'ªn] lj:t[t ?kdf vf]h cg';Gwfg kl5 lglZrt cfwf/x? cl3 ;fb}{ o]n] tª\a] -;Djt\_ sf] gofF jif{ df3] ;qmflGtsf] lbg b]lv z'? x'G5 eGb} ;f]xL lbgnfO{ gofF jif{sf] klxnf] lbgsf] ?kdf dfGg z'? u/]sf] 5 . cGo ls/ftL ;d'bfosf ;+:yfx?n] klg df3 dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbgnfO{ g} gofF jif{sf] z'?jftsf] ?kdf lnb}+ cfPsf 5g\ . ls/ftLx?n] df3] ;qmflGtsf] lbgnfO{ gofF jif{sf] klxnf] lbg dfGg'sf] cf cfkm\gf] ;f+:s[lts cfVofg / j}1flgs cfwf/x? cufl8 ;f/]sf 5g\ .
cfwf/x? M
ls/ft d'Gw'd cg';f/ tfu]/flgª\jfe" dfª\ -;[li6stf{_ n] ;+;f/sf] ;a} j:t'sf] ;[li6 ul/;s]kl5 o;f] x]bf{ s]lx g s]lxn] g;'xfPsf] dx;'; u/]/ dfgj hfltsf] ;[li6 u/]5g\ . ;dosf] cGt/fn;Fu} ;[li6 ul/Psf] dflg;sf] d[To' esfes x'g yfn]5 . dflg;nfO{ d[To'sf] d'vaf6 arfpg tfu]/flgªjfe" dfª\sf] b"t ;f]w'ªu]g n]Kd'xfª\n] cg]s sf]lzz u/]5g\ t/ klg ;kmn gePsf]n] lrGtfdf k/L 3f]K6LP/ WofgdUg ePsf] a]nf crfgs 6fpsf] p7fP/ x]bf{ 9sdSs km"ln/x]sf] rfFksf] ?vdf pgsf] gh/ k/]5 . km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{ / ;'uGwn] df]lxt eO{ ;f/f lrGtf e"Ng k'u]5g\ / pgn] dflg;nfO{ eg]5g\ d}n] ltldx?nfO{ d[To'sf] d'vaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsg ca ltldx?n] dg'{ g} kg]{ eof] . cfhsf] lbgnfO{ gofF ;dosf] lbg dfGg' . pgn] rfFk km"n]sf] ;do b]lv gofF ;do z'? x'g]5 egL ;DemfO{ /fv]5g\ . To; ;do b]lv sSkm]Sjf -rfFk km"n]sf] ;do_ nfO{ x/]s jif{ rf8sf] ?kdf dgfpb}+ cfPsf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ df3 dlxgfsf] z'? g} o]n] tª\j] -;Djt\_ sf] z'? xf] .
o:t} ls/ft d'Gw'd cg';f/ tfu]/flgª\jfe" dfª\ -;[li6stf{_ n] o; nf]sdf dfgj ;lxt ;a} ;a} a:t'sf] ;[li6 u/L;s]kl5 tLgsf] /Iff ug{ cfkm\gf b"t ;f]w'ª\u]g n]Kd'xfª\nfO{ o; wtL{df k7fP . n]Kd'xfªsf] kfnfdf k[YjLdf dxfk|nosf] ?kdf lxdkft z'? eof] . lxpFn] ubf{ ;a} hLjhGt' nufot af]6lj?jf d/] . lxpF klUnP/ htftt} hndUg x'g yfNof] . n]Kd'xfª\n] dflg;x?nfO{ gfpdf /fv]/ arfO{ /fv]sf lyP . t/ wtL{df To; lsl;dsf] lxdkftn] ubf{ s]xL klg vfg]s'/f afFsL /x]sf] lyPg . dflg;x? ef]sn] ubf{ dg{ yfn] . n]Kd'xfª\n] ltgLx?nfO{ arfpg cg]s pkfo u/] t/ Vjfpg] rLh s]xL ge]6] kl5 kxf8 lt/ nfu] . kxf8df klg lxpFn] ubf{ s]lx afFsL lyPg . pgn] df6f]df vf];|ØfP/ x]bf{ jgt?nsf] j]nf] e]6L vGbf t?n kfPsf]n] Tolx t?n dflg;nfO{ VjfP/ gofF hLjg k|bfg u/] . cfhko{Gt t?n vfP/ of] kj{ dgfO{/x]sf 5f}+ . o;n] ubf{ dflg;n] gofF hLjg k|fKt u/]sf] ;do / t?n vfg] ofd klg df3 dlxgf g} x'g] ePsf]n] o]n] tª\j]-;Djt\_ sf] z'? lbg df3 dlxgfsf] z'? lbgnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
To;/L g} csf]{ cfVofg cg';f/ dflg;x? hj 3'dGt] hLjg ljtfO{/x]sf lyP, Toltv]/ lrlnVofs\df -lkm:6f r/f_ / lkml/Sjf -sf]6]/f r/f_n] u'F8 agfP/ j;]sf] b]v] . To;af6 lzIff lnO{ xfdLn] klg j:g] 7fFp agfpg' k5{ egL Pp6f ;dy/ 7fFpdf k'u]/ sf7, :ofpnfsf] k|of]u u/L 3/ agfP5g\ . 3/ agfpg] ;kmntf ldn]kl5 pgLx?df xif{sf] ;Ldf /x]g . hËnb]lv t?n, Eofs'/, sGbd'n cflb vf]h]/ NofP . ef]lnkN6 Psfljxfg} ;kmf;'U3/ eO{ t?n, Eofs'/ ksfP/ ;a} kl/jf/hg Ps} 7fFpdf a;]/ cfhb]lv xfd|f] 3'dGt] hLjg cGTo eof] eGb} v'lzofnLsf;fy w'dwfdn] ef]h vfP5g\ . o;af6 klg dflg;sf] gofF hLjg;Fu t?n, sGbd"nsf] ;DaGw /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . To;sf/0f ls/ftLx?n] t?nsf] kmNnfxf/ vfg] rf8sf] Tof] lbgnfO{ gofF ofdsf] lbg dfgL NofPsf 5g\ . olx rf8nfO{ sSkm]Sjf tª\gfd elgG5 .
Oltxf;sf/ Odfgl;+ r]Dhf]Ëåf/f lnlvt
The History and Culture of Kirat People gfds lstfadf kf}if dlxgfsf] cGTob]lv gj jif{ z'? x'G5 eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .Hof]ltifzf:q cg';f/ klg kf}if dlxgfsf] cGTo;Fu} ;"o{ pt/fo0f eO{ k[YjLsf] tfkdfgdf klg kl/jt{g x'g hfG5 . k[YjLn] ;"o{nfO{ kl/qmdf u/L Ps rqm k'/f ubf{ Ps jif{ el/sf df}};d s'g} Ps ljGb'af6 z'? eP/ pRrtfdf k'u]sf] clg km]l/ qmdzM emb}{ k'gM Tolx z'ef/De ljGb'df k'u]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . df3] ;qmflGt g} Tof] z'ef/De / cGtsf] ;do ljGb' xf] . o;}n] k|s[ltsf] rl/q, lgod, ljz]iftf cg';f/ g} hghfltx?n] df3] ;qmflGtsf] ;donfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cfkm\gf] gofF jif{ dfGb} NofPsf x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 .
k|s[ltk'hs ls/ftLx? cfkm"n] jif{e/L nufPsf] jfnLgfnLx? yGSofP/ ;Dk"0f{ ls;fgL af]emx? la;fP/ cf/fd ug]{ ;do klg olx xf] eg] Pp6f nfdf] s[ofsnfk rqmsf] clGtd ljGb' klg xf] . h;nfO{ ofdsf] csf]{ kf6fsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . jg:klt / afnLgfnLdf b]vf kg]{ km]/abnnfO{ cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] df3 dlxgfsf] z'? lt/af6 g} gofF ofdsf] z'? x'G5 . To;sf/0f olx ;do g} gofF jif{sf] z'?jft x'g'k5{ . ;f+:s[lts?kdf klg cflbd ls/ftL hfltx?n] t?nsf] kmnfxf/ vfg] lbgnfO{ gofF jif{sf] yfngL, ;Eotfsf] yfngL, gofF ofd / ljsf;sf] yfngLsf] ?kdf lnO{ rf8kj{sf] ?kdf cfh ko{Gt dfgL NofPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L dw]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ yf? ;d'bfon] klg ut jif{ e/L u/]sf lqmofsnfknfO{ d"Nof+sg ub}{ cfpFbf] jif{sf] nflu s] s] ug]{ eg]/ of]hgf th{'dfsf;fy df3L kj{ olx ;dodf w'dwfdsf;fy dgfpg] ub{5g\ . o;/L jif}{ lkR5] gofF sfdsf] yfngLsf] z'?jft x'g] lbgnfO{ gofF jif{sf] gofF lbg xf] eGg'df b'O{ dt gxf]nf .
ls/ftL ;d'bfodf dfGotf kfO{ ;s]sf] o]n] tª\j] -;Djt\_ of] ;d'bfosf] klxrfg / uf}/j klg xf] . ljqmd ;Djt\ @)^@ ;fn df3 ! ut] b]lv o]n] tª\j] -;Djt\_ %)^^ sSkm]Sjf ! Vofa tª\j]-s's'/ jif{_ z'? eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . of] ;Djt\sf] plrt ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ub}{ /fHo tyf ;DalGwt ;d'bfon] Jojxf/df Nofpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
/fxt gkfp"bf v'Nnf cfsfzd'gL /ft sf6\g afWo
;+v'jf;ef÷Ps dlxgf cl3 cfuf] nflu af6 ;Dk"0f{ ;Dklt tyf 3/ hn]/ gi6 ePsf dfbL d"nvs{ uflj;sf rf/ kl/jf/ /fxtsf] cefjdf v'Nnf cfsf;d'gL /ft sfl6/x]sf 5g\ .
& d+;L/df dfbL d"nvs{ uflj; ! sf :yfgLo dgdfof e"h]n, /fd axfb'/ e"h]n, ;fO{nL vjf; tyf sd{ vjf;sf] 3/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ ;Dklt hn]/ gi6 ePsf] lyof] . /fxtsf] nflu k|zf;g tyf :yfgLoaf;L;Fu ofrgf u/] klg plrt ;xof]u gkfPsf] kLl8tn] atfP . dgdfofn] elgg\ . ufpFn]n] kfn lbP To;n] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ /flt zLtaf6 hf]ufpg kfPF t/ xfdL v'Nnf cfsfzd'gL g} /ft sf6\g afWo 5f}+ . d+;L/ k'ifsf] s7\of+u|Lbf] hf8f]df oL rf/ kl/jf/sf] larlnt ePsf] b]Vbf b]Vb} klg cfkm\gf] klg cj:yf gfh's ePsf]n] s]lx ;xof]u ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] l5d]sL uf]s'n/fd vftLn] atfP . pQm 36\gfdf s/La rf/ nfv a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] 5 .
cUgL kLl8t kl/jf/ glhs}sf] af/Ldf a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . æ3/df cfuf] nfu]sf] b[Zo ;Dembf cem} ;fQf] hfG5, ca s] ug]{ s;f] ug]{ s]lx ;f]Rg ;lsb}g .Æ wgaxfb'/ atfpF5g\ . vfFbaf/L gu/kflnsf !@ l:yt Ps 3/sf] dtfgaf6 a'wjf/ cfuf] nflu x'Fbf kfFr jifL{o Ps afnssf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . 36gfdf ldg]; cfn]sf] d[To' ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . cleefjs d]nfkft ug{ uPsf a]nf cfuf] nflu ePsf] / afns dfq 3/df ePsfn] cfuf]n] kf]n]sf] l5d]sL dx]Gb| s§]nn] atfP . w6gf s;/L eof] eGg] cg'dfg ug{ g;lsPsf] d[tssf afa' gLns'df/ cfn]n] atfP . cfuf]n] kf]n]/ 3fOt] ePsf afnssf] l5d]sLn] p4f/ u/L c:ktfn n}hfb} ubf{ af6}df d[To' ePsf] lyof] .