1882, Korea-America Treaty = Treaty sets up free traffic between the two nations (both in people and in goods)
1894, Tonghak Rebellion = An Anti-modernism revolt (Koreans rallied against the influence of the Japanese, who were westernizing quickly; the rebellion ultimately caused chaos because it lead to disunity in the country
1894-1895, Sino-Japanese War = Chinese wage a war against the Japanese on the Korean peninsula; After Japan wins, Korea gains independence from China (however, it is now controlled by Japan)
1885, First wave of Korean immigration to U.S. begins = Mainly students and people who have been politically exiled immigrate in this first group
1895-1905, Struggle between Japan and Russia to determine who "protects" Korea
1903-1905, 7,226 Koreans immigrate to Hawaii = Most are male laborers who are going to work on the sugar plants
1904-1905, Russo-Japanese War = Japan wins
1905, Treaty of Portsmouth, New Hampshire = Japan gets control over Korea
1905, Mass immigration stops = Three main reasons: the influence of Korean politicians and American missionaries, confusion about the states and a refusal to leave traditions behind, Japanese control (Japan wanted the Koreans to stay in Korea so they could watch them easier)
1907, U.S. policy only recognizes Japanese passports = A Korean passport is not valid for immigration
1910, Japan annexes Korea = Korea is made into a territory
1910-1919, 541 students and political refugees come to the U.S = Begins a Korean independence movement (Korean military academies and Christian churches in the United States are founded)
1910-1924, Picture Brides = Since women are not allowed to immigrate as easily as men (if at all), men choose their brides through pictures that are sent from Korea to the U.S.; 951 picture brides go to Hawaii, 115 go to the mainland (generally, women from southern Korea go to Hawaii and women from northern Korea go to the mainland)
1913, 11 Koreans attacked by a white mob = Japanese consulate seeks reparations, but THK (the Korean National Organization) opposes on the fact that Koreans can no longer represented by the Japanese
1930, 6,461 Koreans in Hawaii (1.8% of the total population) = But there are less than 2000 Koreans on the mainland; outmarriage rates are very low
1945, Korean independence
1950-1953, Korean War
1951-1964, Second wave of immigration = Three major groups: Korean wives of American servicemen, Korean orphans adopted by American families, and students; 28,205 wives immigrate to the Unites States (all over the country, but mainly around army bases) from 1950-1975, divorce rates are fairly high and the women are often unhappy (marginalized to both the U.S. society and other Koreans); war orphans are adopted between 1955-1966, 46% had white fathers, 13% had black fathers, and 41% were full Korean, orphans were normally placed in white, middle-class suburban families; 5000 students also came over between 1945-1965, many ended up staying even after finishing their educations
1960s-1970s, Koreans have the highest outmarriage rates in Hawaii (80-90%) = Korean women typically marry white men; Korean men marry Japanese women
1965, Immigration Act of 1965 begins the third wave of immigration = Before 1965, most immigrants were from the UK, Germany, and Italy; by 1975, the majority were from the Phillipines, China, and Korea; immigration of families began (men, women, and children were allowed to enter the country); in 1970-70,000 Koreans, 1980-357,393, 1990-798,849, 2000-1,076,872; two generation groups emerged (parents were 1st generation, kids were 1.5 generation)