|
Spoken living languages
AER
|
[AEQ] 100 to 200 (1998). Lower Sindh, Jikrio Goth
near Kunri around Deh 333, Hyderabad, and at Jamesabad. Others are
reported to have migrated to India at Partition in 1947, living in the
Kach Bhuj area in Gujarat. Dialects:
JIKRIO GOTH AER, JAMESABAD AER. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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BADESHI
|
[BDZ] Upper reaches of Bishigram (Chail) Valley, east
of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. One village. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Unclassified.
|
|
BAGRI
|
[BGQ] 200,000 in Pakistan, including 100,000 in Sind
Province (1998). In the Sindh and Punjab. Alternate
names: BAGARI, BAGRIA, BAGRIS, BAORIAS, BAHGRI, BAWRI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani,
Unclassified.
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BALOCHI, EASTERN
|
[BGP] 1,800,000 in Pakistan (1998). Population total
both countries 1,805,000. Including second language users of all Balochi
languages: 5,000,000 (1999 WA). Alternate
names: BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
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BALOCHI, SOUTHERN
|
[BCC] 2,765,000 in Pakistan (1998). Population total
all countries 3,400,000. Alternate
names: BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI, MAKRANI. Dialects:
COASTAL BALOCHI, KECHI, MAKRANI (LOTUNI). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
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BALOCHI, WESTERN
|
[BGN] 1,116,000 in Pakistan (1998). Population total
all countries 1,800,000. Alternate
names: BALUCHI, BALOCI, BALUCI. Dialects:
RAKHSHANI (RAXSHANI), SARAWANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
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BALTI
|
[BFT] 270,000 in Pakistan or 90% of the Baltistan
population (1992). Population total both countries 333,640. Alternate
names: SBALTI, BALTISTANI, BHOTIA OF BALTISTAN. Classification:
Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan,
Western.
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|
BATERI
|
[BTV] 20,000 to 30,000 in Pakistan (1992). Population
total both countries 22,000 to 45,000 or more. Alternate names: BATERI KOHISTANI, BATERA KOHISTANI, BATERAWAL,
BATERAWAL KOHISTANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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|
BHAYA
|
[BHE] 70 to 700 (1998). Lower Sindh: Kapri Goth near
Samaro, near Khipro, Jamesabad, Mir ke goth, Mirpurkhas, Phuladia, a few
families in Hyderabad. There may be more in India. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central
zone, Western Hindi, Unclassified.
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|
BRAHUI
|
[BRH] 2,000,000 in Pakistan (1998), 1.2% of the
population. Population total all countries 2,210,000. Alternate names: BRAHUIDI, BIRAHUI, BRAHUIGI, KUR GALLI. Dialects:
JHARAWAN, KALAT, SARAWAN. Classification:
Dravidian, Northern.
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|
BURUSHASKI
|
[BSK] 55,000 to 60,000 (1981). Population total both
countries 55,000 to 60,000. Alternate
names: BRUSHASKI, BURUSHAKI, BURUCAKI, BURUSHKI, BURUCASKI, BILTUM,
KHAJUNA, KUNJUT. Dialects: NAGAR
(NAGIR), HUNZA, YASIN (WERCHIKWAR). Classification:
Language Isolate.
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|
CHILISSO
|
[CLH] 1,600 to 3,000 (1992 SIL). All may not be
speakers. Scattered families in the Koli, Palas, Jalkot area of the Indus
Kohistan, east bank of the Indus River. Alternate
names: CHILISS, GALOS. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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|
DAMELI
|
[DML] 5,000 (1992 SIL). In the Damel Valley, about 32
miles south of Drosh in southern Chitral District, on the east side of the
Kunar River. 11 villages. Alternate
names: DAMEL, DAMEDI, DAMIA, GUDOJI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kunar.
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|
DEHWARI
|
[DEH] 13,000 possibly (1998). Central Balochistan, in
Kalat and Mastung. Alternate names:
DEGHWARI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
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|
DHATKI
|
[MKI] 200,000 (1919 Grierson), 100,000 in Sind
(1987), probably many more. Lower Sind in Tharparkar and Sanghar
districts. Alternate names:
DHATI. Dialects: EASTERN DHATKI,
SOUTHERN DHATKI, CENTRAL DHATKI, BARAGE, MALHI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
|
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DOMAAKI
|
[DMK] 500 (1989). Gilgit District, Northern Areas,
mainly in Hunza Valley, Mominabad village, a few households in Big Nagar,
Shishkat (Gojal), Dumial in Gilgit, Oshkandas (east of Gilgit), and Bakor
village in Punyal. Alternate names:
DUMAKI, DOMA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
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ENGLISH
|
[ENG] Classification:
Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
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FARSI, EASTERN
|
[PRS] 1,000,000 in Pakistan, plus 1,400 in Madaglasht,
and many refugees (1992 SIL). Southeast Chitral, Madaglasht village of
Shishi Koh Valley, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi, other large
cities. Alternate names: DARI,
TAJIK, MADAGLASHTI, BADAKHSHI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
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GAWAR-BATI
|
[GWT] 1,500 in Pakistan plus refugees (1992).
Southern Chitral, Arandu, and several villages along the Kunar River south
of Arandu. Alternate names:
GOWAR-BATI, GOWARI, ARANDUI, SATRE, NARSATI, NARISATI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kunar.
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GHERA
|
[GHR] 10,000 or fewer (1998). A single colony in
Hyderabad, between the main bus stop and the railway station. Speakers say
more than 90% of the people remained in Surat and Ahmedabad, India. Alternate
names: SINDHI GHERA, BARA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi,
Unclassified.
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GOARIA
|
[GIG] 20,000 to 25,000 (1998). All towns in Sindh
Province except Karachi: including Larkana, Sukkur, Moro, Badin, Umerkot.
They claim to have come from Jodhpur Rajasthan, India, where there may be
more. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
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GOWRO
|
[GWF] 200 or fewer (1990). Indus Kohistan on the
eastern bank, Kolai area, Mahrin village. Alternate
names: GABARO, GABAR KHEL. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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GUJARATI
|
[GJR] Lower Punjab, Sindh. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central
zone, Gujarati.
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GUJARI
|
[GJU] 300,000 or more in Pakistan (1992) including
2,910 in Chitral (1969), 20,000 in Swat Kohistan (1987), 200,000 to
700,000 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1989). Throughout northern Pakistan,
mainly in the east in Hazara District, NWFP, in Kaghan Valley, Azad Jammu,
and Kashmir. Scattered communities in southern Chitral, Swat Kohistan, and
Dir Kohistan, NWFP, and Gilgit Agency, Northern Areas. Alternate
names: GUJURI, GUJURI RAJASTHANI, GUJER, GOJRI, GOGRI, GOJARI, GUJJARI,
KASHMIR GUJURI. Dialects:
WESTERN GUJARI, EASTERN GUJARI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani,
Unclassified.
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GURGULA
|
[GGG] 30,000 to 35,000 (1998). Sindh Province,
largest concentration in Bhens Colony, Karachi, others in smaller urban
centers through Sindh, including Mirpur Khas, Shahdadpur, Panj, Moro,
Sabura and Tando Allahyar. Alternate
names: MARWARI GHERA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani,
Unclassified.
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HAZARAGI
|
[HAZ] 110,000 to 220,000 in Pakistan, including many
recent refugees from Afghanistan (1998). Quetta (100,000 to 200,000,
Karachi and Islamabad (10,000), some villages in rural Sindh. Alternate names: AZARGI, HAZARA, HEZAREH. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western,
Southwestern, Persian.
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HINDKO, NORTHERN
|
[HNO] 1,875,000 (1981 census). Both Hindko languages
had 305,505 households, 2.4% of the population (1981 census). Total Hindko
in Pakistan 3,000,000 (1993). Hazara Division, Mansehra and Abbotabad
districts, Indus and Kaghan valleys and valleys of Indus tributaries, NWFP.
Rural and urban. Alternate names:
HAZARA HINDKO, HINDKI, KAGHANI, KAGANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
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HINDKO, SOUTHERN
|
[HIN] 625,000 (1981 census). Attock District, Punjab
Province, and into the southernmost portion of Hazara Division, NWFP;
Kohat and Peshawar districts, NWFP. Rural and urban. Dialects: PESHAWAR HINDKO (PESHAWARI), ATTOCK HINDKO (ATTOCK-HARIPUR
HINDKO), KOHAT HINDKO (KOHATI), RURAL PESHAWAR HINDKO. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
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JADGALI
|
[JAV] 100,000 (1998). Population total both countries
100,000 or more. Alternate names:
JATGALI, JATKI, JAT. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
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JANDAVRA
|
[JND] 5,000 (1998). Southern Sindh Province from
Hyderabad to east of Mirpur Khas. Reported to be many more in Jodhpur,
Rajasthan, India. Alternate names:
JHANDORIA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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KABUTRA
|
[KBU] 1,000 (1998). Sindh, some concentrations around
Umerkot, Kunri, and Nara Dhoro. Speakers say that 90% of the people remain
in the Zal area of Marwar, India. Alternate
names: NAT, NATRA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi,
Hindustani, Sansi.
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KACHCHI
|
[KFR] 50,000 or more in Pakistan (1998). Karachi. Alternate
names: KACHCHHI, KUTCHCHI, CUCHI, CUTCH, KUTCHIE, KACHI, KATCH,
KAUTCHY, KATCHI. Dialects: JADEJI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
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KALAMI
|
[GWC] 40,000 (1987). Upper Swat Kohistan from between
Peshmal and Kalam north to upper valleys above Kalam, also in Dir Kohistan,
in Thal, Lamuti (Kinolam), Biar (Jiar), and Rajkot (Patrak) villages.
People at Khata Khotan, China, are reported to be related, recognized by
their clothing and language. Alternate
names: GARWI, GAWRI, GOWRI, GARWA, GAAWRO, KALAMI KOHISTANI, KOHISTANI,
KOHISTANA, BASHKARIK, BASHGHARIK, DIR KOHISTANI, DIRI, DIRWALI. Dialects: KALAM, USHU, THAL, LAMUTI (LAMTI), RAJKOTI (PATRAK),
DASHWA. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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KALASHA
|
[KLS] 2,900 to 5,700 (1992). Southern Chitral
District. The largest village is Balanguru in Rumbur Valley. Southern
Kalasha is in Urtsun Valley; Northern Kalasha in Rumbur, Bumboret, and
Birir valleys. Alternate names:
KALASHAMON, KALASH. Dialects:
SOUTHERN KALASHA (URTSUN), NORTHERN KALASHA (RUMBUR, BUMBORET, BIRIR). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern zone, Dardic, Chitral.
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KALKOTI
|
[XKA] 4,000 or more (1990). Dir Kohistan, NWFP, in
Kalkot village. A little more than half the people in the village are
speakers. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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KAMVIRI
|
[QMV] 1,500 to 2,000 in Pakistan plus refugees
(1992). Southern Chitral District, Langorbat or Lamerot, Badrugal, and the
Urtsun Valley. Alternate names:
KAMDESHI, KAMIK, LAMERTIVIRI, SHEKHANI. Dialects:
KAMVIRI, SHEKHANI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Nuristani.
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KASHMIRI
|
[KSH] 105,000 in Pakistan (1993). Jammu and Kashmir,
south of Shina. Alternate names:
KASCHEMIRI, KACMIRI, KESHURI, CASHMIRI, CASHMEEREE. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kashmiri.
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KATI
|
[BSH] 3,700 to 5,100 Eastern Kativiri in Pakistan,
plus refugees (1992). Eastern Kativiri is in the Chitral District; in
Gobar in the Lutkuh Valley, Kunisht in the Rumbur Valley, Shekhanan Deh in
the Bumboret Valley, and in the Urtsun Valley. Alternate
names: KATIVIRI, BASHGALI, NURISTANI. Dialects:
EASTERN KATIVIRI (SHEKHANI), WESTERN KATIVIRI, MUMVIRI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Nuristani.
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KHETRANI
|
[QKT] A few thousand (1987). Northeast Balochistan
Province. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
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KHOWAR
|
[KHW] 222,800 (1992). Chitral; Shandur Pass to Fupis
in Ghizr Valley, Yasin and Ishkhoman valleys in Gilgit Agency, Ushu in
northern Swat Valley, and large communities in Peshawar and Rawalpindi. Alternate
names: KHAWAR, CHITRALI, CITRALI, CHITRARI, ARNIYA, PATU, QASHQARI,
KASHKARI. Dialects: NORTH KHOWAR, SOUTH KHOWAR, EAST KHOWAR, SWAT KHOWAR. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Chitral.
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KOHISTANI, INDUS
|
[MVY] 220,000 (1993). Indus Kohistan District on the
western bank of the Indus River. Alternate
names: KOHISTANI, KOHISTE, KHILI, MAIYON, MAIR, MAIYÃ, SHUTHUN. Dialects:
INDUS (MANI, SEO, PATTAN, JIJAL), DUBER-KANDIA (MANZARI, KHILI). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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KOLI, KACHI
|
[GJK] 170,000 or more in Pakistan including 80,000 to
100,000 Kachi Koli, 5,000 to 6,000 Rabari, 10,000 Kachi Bhil, 50,000 Vagri,
10,000 Katai Meghwar, 1,000 Zalavaria Koli (1998). Population total both
countries 570,000 or more. Alternate
names: KUCHI, KACHI, KATCHI, KOLI, KOHLI, KOLHI, KORI, VAGARI, VAGARIA,
KACHI GUJARATI. Dialects: KACHI,
RABARI (RAHABARI), KACHI BHIL, VAGRI (KACHI MEGHWAR), KATAI MEGHWAR,
ZALAVARIA KOLI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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KOLI, PARKARI
|
[KVX] 250,000 (1995). Centered in Tharparkar
District, especially the town of Nagar Parkar in the southeastern tip of
Sindh bordering India. It covers most of the lower Thar desert and west as
far as the Indus River, bordered in the north and west by Hyderabad, and
down to the south and west of Badin. An unknown (probably small)
population in India. Alternate
names: PARKARI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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KOLI, WADIYARA
|
[KXP] 175,000 to 180,000 in Pakistan, including
75,000 Wadiyara, 5,000 to 10,000 Mewasi and Nairya, 30,000 Tharadari,
45,000 Hasoria, 20,000 Rardro (1998). Population total both countries
350,000 to 360,000. Alternate names:
WADARIA, WADHIARA. Dialects:
MEWASI (MAYVASI KOLI), WADIYARA KOLI, NAIRYA KOLI, THARADARI KOLI,
THARADARI BHIL, HASORIA KOLI, HASORIA BHIL, RARDRO BHIL. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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LASI
|
[LSS] 15,000 (1998). Southeast Balochistan Province,
Las Bela District, about 80 miles north northwest of Karachi. Alternate
names: LASSI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
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LOARKI
|
[LRK] 20,000 to 25,000 in Pakistan (1998). Sindh
Province, rural. 500 to 750 in India. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
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MARWARI
|
[MRI] 220,000 including 100,000 Northern Marwari,
120,000 or more Southern Marwari (1998). The latter includes 100,000
Marwari Bhil, 10,000 Marwari Meghwar, 12,000 to 13,000 Marwari Bhat.
Northern Marwari: South Punjab and northern Sindh, north of Dadu and
Nawabshah; Southern Marwari: Sindh and southern Punjab provinces, between
Tando Mohammed Khan and Tando Ghulam Ali to the south, Dadu and Nawabshab
to the north. Alternate names:
MERWARI, RAJASTHANI, MARWARI MEGHWAR, JAISELMER, MARAWAR, MARWARI BHIL. Dialects: NORTHERN MARWARI, SOUTHERN MARWARI, MARWARI BHIL,
MARWARI MEGHWAR, MARWARI BHAT. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
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MEMONI
|
[MBY] Karachi. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
|
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OD
|
[ODK] 50,000 (1998). Widely scattered in the Sindh
and a few in southern Punjab. May also be in Rajasthan, India. Alternate names: OAD, ODKI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
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ORMURI
|
[ORU] 3,000 or more in Pakistan (1992). Population
total both countries 3,050 or more. Alternate
names: URMURI, ORMUR, ORMUI, BARGISTA, BARAKS, BARAKI. Dialects:
KANIGURAMI, LOGAR. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern,
Ormuri-Parachi.
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PAHARI-POTWARI
|
[PHR] Murree Hills north of Rawalpindi, and east to
Azad Kashmir. To the north in the lower half of the Neelum Valley. Poonchi
is east of Rawalakot. Potwari is in the plains around Rawalpindi. Punchhi
and Chibhali are reported to be in Jammu and Kashmir. Alternate names: POTWARI, POTHOHARI, POTOHARI, CHIBHALI,
DHUNDI-KAIRALI. Dialects: PAHARI
(DHUNDI-KAIRALI), POTHWARI (POTWARI), CHIBHALI, PUNCHHI (POONCHI), MIRPURI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northern zone, Western Pahari.
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|
PANJABI, WESTERN
|
[PNB] 30,000,000 to 45,000,000 in Pakistan (1981
census). Population total all countries 30,000,000 to 45,000,000. Alternate names: WESTERN PUNJABI, LAHNDA, LAHANDA, LAHNDI. Dialects:
MAJHI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
|
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PASHTO, CENTRAL
|
[PST] Wazirstan, Bannu, Karak, southern tribal
territories and adjacent areas. Alternate
names: MAHSUDI. Dialects:
WACIRI (WAZIRI), BANNUCHI (BANNOCHI, BANNU). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
|
|
PASHTO, NORTHERN
|
[PBU] 9,585,000 in Pakistan or 8.47% of population,
including Southern Pashto (1993 estimate). Population total all countries
9,685,000. Alternate names:
PAKHTO, PUSHTO. Dialects:
NINGRAHARIAN PASHTO, NORTHEASTERN PASHTO. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
|
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PASHTO, SOUTHERN
|
[PBT] 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 in Pakistan (1992).
Baluchistan, Quetta area. Alternate
names: PUSHTO, PUSHTU. Dialects:
SOUTHEASTERN PASHTO, QUETTA PASHTO. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
|
|
PHALURA
|
[PHL] 8,600 (1990). 7 villages on the east side of
the lower Chitral Valley, possibly 1 village in Dir Kohistan; Purigal,
Ghos, the Biori Valley, Kalkatak, and Ashret. Alternate
names: PALULA, PALOLA, PHALULO, DANGARIK, BIYORI. Dialects: ASHRETI, NORTHERN PHALURA. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
|
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SANSI
|
[SSI] 10,000 (1998). Northern Sindh Province, main
town, and some in Karachi. The Sochi live throughout Sindh. Alternate names: BHILKI. Dialects:
SOCHI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi,
Hindustani, Sansi.
|
|
SARAIKI
|
[SKR] 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 in Pakistan (1998),
9.8% of the population. Population total all countries 15,059,000 to
30,000,000. Alternate names:
RIASITI, BAHAWALPURI, MULTANI, SOUTHERN PANJABI, SIRAIKI. Dialects:
DERAWALI, MULTANI (KHATKI), BAHAWALPURI (RIASATI, REASATI), JANGLI, JATKI.
Classification: Indo-European,
Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
|
|
SAVI
|
[SDG] Some might still live in refugee camps near
Timargarha in Dir, Pakistan and near Drosh in Chitral, Pakistan. Probably
most have returned to Afghanistan. Alternate
names: SAWI, SAUJI, SAU. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
|
|
SHINA
|
[SCL] 300,000 in Pakistan (1981 census). Population
total both countries 320,000. Alternate
names: SINA, SHINAKI, BROKPA. Dialects:
GILGITI (GILGIT, PUNIAL, HUNZA-NAGAR, BAGROTE, HARAMOSH, RONDU, BUNJI),
ASTORI (ASTOR, GUREZI, DRAS, SATPARA, KHARMANGI), CHILASI KOHISTANI
(CHILAS, DAREL, TANGIR, SAZIN, HARBAN). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
|
|
SHINA, KOHISTANI
|
[PLK] 200,000 (1981 census). East bank of the Indus
in Kohistan District, NWFP, in the Jalkot, Palas, and Kolai valleys and
surrounding areas. Alternate names:
PALASI-KOHISTANI, KOHISTANI, KOHISTYO. Dialects:
PALASI, JALKOTI, KOLAI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
|
|
SINDHI
|
[SND] 16,992,000 in Pakistan (1993 Johnstone),
including 1,200,000 Hindu Sindhi (1986). Population total all countries
19,720,000 or more. Dialects:
KACHCHI, LARI, LASI, THARELI, VICHOLO (VICHOLI, VICCHOLI, CENTRAL SINDHI),
MACHARIA, DUKSLINU (HINDU SINDHI), SINDHI MUSALMANI (MUSLIM SINDHI). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
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SINDHI BHIL
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[SBN] 10,000 to 50,000 (1998). Sindh Province,
Mohrano, Badin-Matli-Thatta, Ghorabari (on west). Sindhi Meghwar are
scattered in an area from Badin-Matli to Tando Allahyar. Dialects:
SINDHI BHIL, MOHRANO, BADIN, SINDHI MEGHWAR. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
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TORWALI
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[TRW] 60,000 (1987). Swat Kohistan, on both sides of
Swat River from just beyond Madyan north to Asrit (between Mankjal and
Peshmal), and in Chail Valley east of Madyan, Bahrain and Chail are
centers. Alternate names:
TURVALI. Dialects: BAHRAIN,
CHAIL. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic,
Kohistani.
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URDU
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[URD] 10,719,000 mother tongue speakers in Pakistan
(1993), 7.57% of the population. Population total all countries 60,290,000
or more. Including second language speakers: 104,000,000 (1999 WA). Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi,
Hindustani.
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USHOJO
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[USH] 2,000 (1992). Upper reaches of Bishigram
(Chail) Valley, east of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. 12 villages. Alternate names: USHUJI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
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VAGHRI
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[VGR] 10,000 in Pakistan (1998). Sindh, in Sukkur,
Karachi (Bhes Colony), Nawabshah, Sakrand, Hala, Sanghar, Tando Adam,
Tando Mohammed Khan, Badin, Matli, Tando Ghulam Ali, Digri, Noakot, Jang
Sai, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Allahyar. Possibly 90,000 in India. Alternate names: VAGHRI KOLI, SALAVTA, BAVRI. Classification:
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
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WAKHI
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[WBL] 9,100 in Pakistan including 4,500 to 6,000
Gojal, 2,000 Ishkoman, 200 Yasin, 900 Yarkhun (1992), plus refugees.
Population total all countries 29,000. Alternate
names: WAKHANI, WAKHIGI, VAKHAN, KHIK. Dialects: GOJAL, ISHKOMAN, YASIN, YARKHUN. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern,
Southeastern, Pamir.
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WANECI
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[WNE] 95,000 (1998). Northeastern Balochistan
Province, Harnai area. Alternate
names: WANECHI, WANETSI, VANECHI, TARINO, CHALGARI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern,
Southeastern, Pashto.
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YIDGHA
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[YDG] 5,000 to 6,000 (1991). Upper Lutkuh Valley of
Chitral, west of Garam Chishma. Alternate
names: YUDGHA, YUDGA, YIDGA, LUTKUHWAR. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern,
Southeastern, Pamir.
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