Languages of Laos

Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sathanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao. National or official language: Lao. 5,163,000 (1998 UN) including 2,769,000 or 71% speakers of Daic languages, 1,100,000 or 24.1% Austro-Asiatic languages, 175,000 or 4% Miao-Yao languages, 42,500 or 1% Tibeto-Burman languages (1991 J. Matisoff). Literacy rate 43% to 45%. Also includes Mandarin Chinese, Central Khmer 10,400, Sedang, Vietnamese 76,000, Chinese 25,000 (1984 MARC). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1967; D. Thomas and R. Headley 1970; S. Wurm and S. Hattori 1981; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; J. Edmondson and D. Solnit 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Buddhist, traditional religion, secular, Christian, Muslim. Blind population 10,000 (1982 WCE). Data accuracy estimate: B, C. The number of languages listed for Laos is 82. Of those, all are living languages. Diversity index 0.56.

Spoken living languages

AHEU

[THM] 200 to 300 in Laos (1996 Ferlus). The Thavung live near Lak Sao, Khamkeut District in Pak Sane Province. Alternate names: KHA TONG LUANG, THAVUNG, PHON SOUNG, SO. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong.
 

AKHA

[AKA] 58,000 in Laos (1995 Nguyen Duy Thieu). Extreme northern and northwest Laos. Alternate names: KAW, EKAW, KO, AKA, IKAW, AK'A, AHKA, KHAKO, HKA KO, KHAO KHA KO, IKOR, AINI, YANI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani, Ha-Ya.
 

ALAK

[ALK] 4,000 (Bradley). Southern Laos, mainly in Saravan Province. Alternate names: HRLAK. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, Central Bahnaric.
 

AREM

[AEM] West central, both sides of the Viet Nam-Laos border, west of Phuc Trach. Alternate names: CHOMRAU, CHOMBRAU, UMO. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Chut.
 

BIT

[BGK] 1,530 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Population total both countries 2,000. Alternate names: KHABIT, KHBIT, PHSING, PHSIN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Khao.
 

BO

[BGL] 2,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Central Laos inland from the bend of the Mekong, Nhang River, around Nape and Lak Sao. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Muong.

BRU, EASTERN

[BRU] 69,000 in Laos (1999). Population total all countries 114,000. Alternate names: BROU, VANKIEU. Dialects: TRI (SO TRI, SO TRII, CHALI). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Brou-So.
 

CHUT

[SCB] Khammouan Province, near the Viet Nam border at about the latitude of the Mu Gia Pass. Alternate names: MAY, RUC, SACH, SALANG. Dialects: MAY, RUC. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Chut.
 

CON

[CNO] 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northwestern corner, southwest of Vieng Pou Kha. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Palaungic, Western Palaungic, Lametic.
 

HALANG DOAN

[HLD] 1,000 in Laos (1962 Lafont). Alternate names: HALANG DUAN, DUAN, DOAN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric, West, Duan.
 

HANI

[HNI] 30,000 in Laos (1994). Scattered along the Yunnan border. None in Thailand. Alternate names: HANHI, HAW. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani, Ha-Ya.
 

HMONG DAW

[MWW] Alternate names: WHITE MEO, WHITE MIAO, MEO KAO, WHITE LUM, BAI MIAO. Dialects: HMONG GU MBA (HMONG QUA MBA, STRIPED HMONG), MONG LENG. Classification: Hmong-Mien, Hmongic, Chuanqiandian.
 

HMONG NJUA

[BLU] 100,000 in Laos (1975 Katzner). Alternate names: BLUE MEO, BLUE MIAO, TAK MEO, HMONG NJWA, HMONG LENG, MIAO, MEO. Classification: Hmong-Mien, Hmongic, Chuanqiandian.
 

HUNG

[HNU] 2,000 to 3,000 in Laos (1996 Ferlus). Population total both countries 2,700 to 3,700. Dialects: TOUM (TUM), PHONG (PONG, POONG, PONG 1, PONG 2). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Cuoi.

IR

[IRR] 10,000 together with Ong (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Saravane Province, east of Saravane. Alternate names: IN, YIR. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, Central Katuic, Ta'oih.
 

IU MIEN

[IUM] 30,000 in Laos (1999 H. Purnell). Alternate names: MIEN, MAN, YAO, MYEN, HIGHLAND YAO. Classification: Hmong-Mien, Mienic, Mian-Jin.
 

JEH

[JEH] Basin of Poko, Se Kamane, and Dak Main rivers in southern Laos. Alternate names: DIE, YEH, GIE. Dialects: JEH BRI LA, JEH MANG RAM. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric, West, Jeh-Halang.
 

JENG

[JEG] 5,400 (1981). North of Attopeu. Alternate names: CHENG, CENG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Oi-The.
 

KADO

[KDV] Alternate names: KADU, KATU, ASAK, SAK, GADU, THET. Dialects: KADU, GANAAN (GANAN), ANDRO, SENGMAI, CHAKPA, PHAYENG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Jingpho-Luish, Luish.
 

KADUO

[KTP] 5,000 in Laos (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Population total both countries 9,000 to 11,200. Alternate names: GAZHUO. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani, Bi-Ka.
 

KANG

[KYP] Population total both countries 34,065 or more. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Unclassified.

KASSENG

[KGC] 7,000 (Bradley). Southern Laos near Viet Nam border, Boloven Plateau area north of Attopeu, and between the Jeh, Alak, Laven, and Tareng peoples. Alternate names: KOSENG, KASENG, KRASENG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Kaseng.
 

KATAANG

[KGD] 10,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Southern Laos near the Ta'oih and Bru peoples, around Muong Nong, in Saravan, Savannakhet, Sekong, and Champassak. Alternate names: KATANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, Central Katuic, Ta'oih.
 

KATU, WESTERN

[KUF] 14,700 (1998). Upper Xe Kong River, high basin of Song Boung River along watershed along the border, Xe Kong, Saravan, and Champasak provinces. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Katu-Pacoh.
 

KHLOR

[LLO] 6,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Saravan Province, south of Ir and Ong. Alternate names: KLOR, LOR. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Ngeq-Nkriang.
 

KHMU

[KJG] 389,694 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Population total all countries 500,000 (1996 F. Proschan). Alternate names: KMHMU, KHMU', KHAMU, KAMU, KAMMU, KHAMUK, KAMHMU, KHOMU, MOU, POUTENG, PU THENH, TENH, THENG, LAO TERNG. Dialects: YUAN, KHROONG (KRONG), LUANG PRABANG, SAYABURY, LYY, ROK, U, HAT. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu', Khmu.'
 

KHUA

[XHU] East central; northwest of Boualapha. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Brou-So.
 

KHUEN

[KHF] 8,000 in Laos (Chazee). Population total all countries 9,000. Alternate names: KWEEN, KHWEEN, KHOUEN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu', Khmu.'

KIM MUN

[MJI] 3,600 in Laos, 770 families (1995). Northwestern Laos, Nam Tha District and Province; Huay Sai Province; Nam Moh District, Udom Sai Province; Long District, Luang Nam Tha Province. Alternate names: MUN, LAN TIN, LANTEN, MAN LAN-TIEN, LOWLAND YAO, JIM MUN. Classification: Hmong-Mien, Mienic, Mian-Jin.
 

KIORR

[XKO] 2,359 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Population total both countries 2,359 or more. Alternate names: SAAMTAAV, SAMTAO, SAMTAO 2, CON, COL. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Palaungic, Western Palaungic, Angkuic.
 

KUAN

[UAN] Khammouan Province. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Unclassified.
 

KUY

[KDT] 64,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Saravan, Sedone provinces. A large group on both sides of the Mekong in southern Laos, Cambodia. Alternate names: SUI, SUAI, SUAY, SUOI, SOAI, SUEI, AOUEI, KUOY, KUI, DUI, KHAMEN-BORAN (OLD KHMER), CUOI. Dialects: ANTRA, NA NHYANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Kuay-Yoe.
 

LAHU

[LAH] 2,000 to 2,500 in Laos (1973 Matisoff). Nam Tha. Alternate names: MUSEU, MUSSUH, MUHSO, MUSSO. Dialects: NA (BLACK LAHU, MUSSER DAM, NORTHERN LAHU, LOHEIRN), NYI (RED LAHU, SOUTHERN LAHU, MUSSEH DAENG, LUHISHI, LUHUSHI), SHEHLEH. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Lahu.
 

LAHU SHI

[KDS] 20,000 in Laos (1998). Population total all countries 62,000. Alternate names: KUTSUNG, KUCONG, YELLOW LAHU, SHI, KUI, KWI. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Lahu.
 

LAMET

[LBN] 14,355 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Population total all countries 14,480. Alternate names: LEMET, KHA LAMET, KHAMET, KHAMED, RMEET. Dialects: UPPER LAMET, LOWER LAMET. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Palaungic, Western Palaungic, Lametic.
 

LAO

[NOL] 3,000,000 in Laos (1991 UBS). Population total all countries 3,188,000 or more. Including second language speakers: 4,000,000 (1999 WA). Alternate names: LAOTIAN TAI, LAOTIAN, PHOU LAO, EASTERN THAI, LUM LAO, LAO WIANG, LAO KAO, RONG KONG, TAI LAO, LAO-TAI, LÀO, LAO-LUM, LAO-NOI. Dialects: LUANG PRABANG, VIENTIANE (WIANG JAN), SAVANNAKHET (SUWANNAKHET), PAKSE, LAO-KAO, LAO-KHRANG. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Lao-Phutai.
 

LAVE

[BRB] 12,750 in Laos (1984). Population total all countries 18,381. Alternate names: BRAO, BRAOU, BRAU, PROUE, BROU, LOVE, LAVEH, RAWE. Dialects: PALAU. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet.
 

LAVEN

[LBO] 32,000 (1993 Johnstone). Population total both countries 32,000. Alternate names: LOVEN, BOLOVEN, BORIWEN, LAWEENJRU, JARU. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Laven.
 

[KHB] 20,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Western Phong Saly, north and west Haut Mekong, Luang Prabang, and along Nam Tha and Nam Beng. Alternate names: LUE, LU, PAI-I, SHUI-PAI-I. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Northwest.
 

MAL

[MLF] 13,977 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Population total all countries 17,000 to 18,000. Alternate names: KHATIN, T'IN, HTIN, THIN, TIN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu', Mal-Phrai.
 

MALENG

[PKT] 800 in Laos (1996 Ferlus). Population total both countries 1,000. Alternate names: MALIENG, MALANG. Dialects: MALENG, PAKATAN (KHA PAKATAN), MALANG, HAREME. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Chut.

MLABRI

[MRA] 24 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Laos border area. Alternate names: MLA, MLA-BRI, MABRI, MRABRI, YUMBRI, MA KU, YELLOW LEAF. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mlabri.
 

NGEQ

[NGT] 4,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Southern Laos, in the Muong Phine-Bung Sai area. Alternate names: NGEH, NGE', KRIANG, NKRIANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Ngeq-Nkriang.
 

NUNG

[NUT] A few in Laos. Alternate names: NONG. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Central.
 

NYAHEUN

[NEV] 4,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Eastern part of Boloven Plateau near Saravan and Paksong. Alternate names: NHA HEUN, NYAH HEUNY, HOEN, NIA HOEN, HUN, HIN, NIAHON, NYAHÖN, YAHEUN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Nyaheun.
 

O'DU

[TYH] 194 in Laos (1989 F. Proschan 1996). Northern. Alternate names: O DU, IDUH, 'IDUH, 'TAY HAT', HAT, HAAT. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu', Khmu.'
 

ONG

[OOG] (10,000 together with Ir; 1981 Wurm and Hattori). Saravan Province, north of Saravan. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, Central Katuic, Ta'oih.
 

OY

[OYB] 10,600 (1981). South, foot of Boloven Plateau and Pakse. Alternate names: HUEI, OI. Dialects: RIYAO, TAMAL EUY, INN TEA, KRANYEU. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Oi-The.
 

PACOH

[PAC] Alternate names: BO RIVER VAN KIEU, POKOH. Dialects: PAHI. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Katu-Pacoh.
 

PHAI

[PRT] West of B. Na Sing. Alternate names: THUNG CHAN PRAY, PHAY, KHA PRAY, PRAY 1, PRAI. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Mal-Khmu', Mal-Phrai.
 

PHANA'

[PHN] 5,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). One village in north Laos. Larger number near Yunnan border. Alternate names: PANA', BANA'. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha.
 

PHONG-KNIANG

[PNX] 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Southern Hua Phan and northern Xieng Khwang provinces. Alternate names: PONG 3, KHANIANG, KENIENG, KENENG, LAO PHONG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Xinh Mul.
 

PHU THAI

[PHT] 128,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Also possibly in China. Alternate names: PUTAI, PHUTAI, PUTHAY. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Lao-Phutai.
 

PHUAN

[PHU] 96,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Bolikhamxai, Vientiane, Xieng Khoang, and Houaphan. Alternate names: LAO PHUAN, PHU UN. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Chiang Saeng.
 

PHUNOI

[PHO] 20,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Population total all countries 32,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Alternate names: PHOUNOY, PHU NOI, PUNOI, CÔÔNG. Dialects: BLACK KHOANY, WHITE KHOANY, MUNG, HWETHOM, KHASKHONG. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Phunoi.
 

PU KO

[PUK] 2 villages. Alternate names: POKO. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern.
 

PUOC

[PUO] 2,164 in Laos (1985 F. Proschan). Northeast, Hua Phan and Xieng Khouang, Het River, along the Viet Nam border. Alternate names: KHA PUHOC, PUHOC, PUOK, POU HOK, XINH MUL, XIN MUL, XING MUN, KSING MUL, LAO MUH, KHA NIANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khmuic, Xinh Mul.
 

RIEN

[RIE] Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Unclassified.

SAEK

[SKB] More than half in Laos (1990 A. Diller ANU). Population total both countries 25,000. Alternate names: SEK, TAI SEK, SET. Dialects: NA KADOK, KHAMMOUAN. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Sek.
 

SALANG

[HAL] 2,000 to 4,000 in Laos. Attopeu Province, southern Laos. Alternate names: HALANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric, West, Jeh-Halang.
 

SAPUAN

[SPU] 2,400 (1981). Banks of the Se Kong and Se Kamane, Attopeu Province, southern Laos. Alternate names: SAPOUAN. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Oi-The.
 

SILA

[SLT] 19,000 in Laos (1993 Johnstone). Population total both countries 19,600. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Loloish, Southern, Akha, Hani.
 

[SSS] 102,000 in Laos. Population total both countries 157,000. Alternate names: MANGKONG, MANG-KOONG, MAKONG, SO MAKON, MANKOONG, MANG CONG, BRU, KAH SO, THRO. Dialects: SO TRONG, SO SLOUY, SO PHONG, CHALI (CHARI, SHARI), KALEU. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, West Katuic, Brou-So.
 

SOK

[SKK] 1,600 (1981). Attopeu Province, southern Laos. Alternate names: SORK, SAWK. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Oi-The.
 

SOU

[SQQ] 1,000 (1962 Lafont). Attopeu Province, southern Laos. Alternate names: SUQ, SOUK, SU, SU'. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Brao-Kravet.
 

TA'OIH, LOWER

[TTO] Saravan. Alternate names: TONG. Dialects: TONG, HANTONG.' Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, Central Katuic, Ta'oih.
 

TA'OIH, UPPER

[TTH] Population total all countries 30,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Alternate names: TA-OY, TA-OI, TAU OI, TA HOI, KANTUA. Dialects: PASOOM, KAMUAN', PALEE'N, LEEM, HA'AANG (SA'ANG). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, Central Katuic, Ta'oih.
 

TAI DAENG

[TYR] 25,000 in Laos (CMA 1991). Northeastern Laos, near the Viet Nam border. Alternate names: RED THAI, THAI DO, THAI DANG, TAI DENG, DAENG. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Chiang Saeng.
 

TAI DAM

[BLT] Khammouan Province. Alternate names: BLACK TAI, TAI NOIR, THAI DEN. Dialects: TAI MUOI (TAI MUEI, TAY MUEAI, MEUAY). Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Chiang Saeng.
 

TAI DÓN

[TWH] Northeastern Laos. Alternate names: TAI BLANC, THÁI TRÁNG, TAI LAI, TAI KAO, WHITE TAI. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Chiang Saeng.
 

TAI LOI

[TLQ] Doi is in the northwest corner near the Myanmar and Chinese borders. Tai Loi is across the border in Myanmar. Tai Loi may also be in China. Alternate names: LOI, TAILOI, WAKUT, MONGLWE. Dialects: TAI LOI, DOI. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Palaungic, Western Palaungic, Angkuic.
 

TAI LONG

[THI] Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern.
 

TAI MÈNE

[TMP] Borikhamxay Province, Vieng Thong District, several villages; Khamkeut District, many villages: Lak Xao, Khamkeut, Na Heuang, Nam Sak, Sop Chat, Ka'ane, Phon Thoen, Sop Pone, and Tha Veng. Alternate names: TAI MAEN, TAI-MAEN, TAY MÈNÈ, TAI MENE, TAI MAN. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Northern.
 

TAI NÜA

[TDD] 120,000 in Laos (1990 A. Diller). Northwestern Laos. Also possibly in north Viet Nam. Alternate names: CHINESE SHAN, TAI NEUA, TAI NUEA. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Northwest.
 

TAI PAO

[TPO] Khammouan Province. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Unclassified.
 

TALIENG

[TDF] Muong Phine-Bung Sai area, Savannakhet Province. Alternate names: TALIANG, TARIANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, North Bahnaric, West.
 

TARENG

[TGR] 5,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Just west of Viet Nam border, east of Kayong, north of Chavane and Thia. Alternate names: TARIANG. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Katuic, East Katuic, Katu-Pacoh.
 

TAY KHANG

[TNU] Small. Khammouan Province. Possibly also in Viet Nam. Classification: Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai, Unclassified.
 

THAI, NORTHERN

[NOD] 3,000 to 5,000 in Laos (1962 Lafont). Haut Mekong and Sayaboury provinces, Laos. Alternate names: LANNA, LAN NA, LANATAI, LANNATAI, 'YUAN', 'YOUON', 'YOUANNE', MYANG, MUANG. Dialects: NAN. Classification: Daic, Tai, Southwestern, East Central, Chiang Saeng.
 

THE

[THX] 1,500 (1962 Lafont). Attopeu Province, southern Laos. Alternate names: THAE. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Eastern Mon-Khmer, Bahnaric, West Bahnaric, Oi-The.
 

YOY

[YOY] Alternate names: YOI, YOOI, YOOY. Classification: Daic, Tai, Unclassified.
 

Deaf sign languages

LAOS SIGN LANGUAGE

[LSO] Classification: Deaf sign language.
 

 

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