Spoken living languages

ADYGHE

[ADY] 3,000 in Israel (1987). Kafr Kama and Rehaniya, small border villages. Alternate names: WEST CIRCASSIAN, ADYGEY. Classification: North Caucasian, Northwest, Circassian.
 

AMHARIC

[AMH] 40,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, South, Transversal.
 

ARABIC, JUDEO-IRAQI

[YHD] 100,000 to 120,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 105,000 to 125,000. Alternate names: IRAQI JUDEO-ARABIC, JEWISH IRAQI-BAGHDADI ARABIC, ARABI, YAHUDIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, JUDEO-MOROCCAN

[AJU] 250,000 in Israel (1992 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 254,000. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, JUDEO-TRIPOLITANIAN

[YUD] 30,000 in Israel, most over 40 (1994 H. Mutzafi). Population total both countries 35,000. Alternate names: TRIPOLITANIAN JUDEO-ARABIC, JEWISH TRIPOLITANIAN-LIBYAN ARABIC, TRIPOLITA'IT, YUDI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, JUDEO-TUNISIAN

[AJT] 45,000 in Israel (1995 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 45,500. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, JUDEO-YEMENI

[JYE] 50,000 in Israel (1995 Y. Kara). Population total both countries 51,000. Alternate names: JUDEO-YEMENI, YEMENITE JUDEO-ARABIC. Dialects: SAN<A, <ADEN, BE:DA, HABBAN. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, SOUTH LEVANTINE SPOKEN

[AJP] 910,000 in Israel. Alternate names: LEVANTINE, PALESTANIAN-JORDANIAN ARABIC. Dialects: MADANI, FELLAHI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARABIC, STANDARD

[ABV] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
 

ARMENIAN

[ARM] 3,000 in Israel (1971 The Armenian Review). Jerusalem. Alternate names: HAIEREN, SOMKHURI, ERMENICE, ARMJANSKI. Dialects: WESTERN ARMENIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
 

BUKHARIC

[BHH] 50,000 in Israel (1995 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 60,000. Alternate names: BOKHARIC, BUKHARIAN, BOKHARAN, BUKHARAN, JUDEO-TAJIK. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
 

DOMARI

[RMT] 2,000 including Palestinian West Bank and Gaza (1997 Yaron Matras). Mainly Jerusalem (Old City), Bir Zeit near Ramallah, and Gaza. Alternate names: DOM, NEAR-EASTERN GYPSY. Dialects: NAWARI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom.
 

DZHIDI

[DZH] 60,000 in Israel (1995). Population total both countries 60,000 or more. Alternate names: JUDEO-PERSIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
 

ENGLISH

[ENG] 100,000 in Israel (1993). Alternate names: ANGLIT. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
 

HEBREW

[HBR] 4,847,000 in Israel (1998) or 81% of the population (1995). Population total all countries 5,150,000. Alternate names: IVRIT. Dialects: STANDARD HEBREW (GENERAL ISRAELI, EUROPEANIZED HEBREW), ORIENTAL HEBREW (ARABIZED HEBREW, YEMENITE HEBREW). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Canaanite.
 

HULAULÁ

[HUY] 10,000 in Israel (1999 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 10,000. Alternate names: JUDEO-ARAMAIC, LISHANA NOSHAN, LISHANA AXNI, JABALI, KURDIT, GALIGLU, 'ARAMIT, <ARAMIT, HULA HULA. Dialects: SAQIZ, KEREND, SANANDAJ, SULEIMANIYA. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

HUNGARIAN

[HNG] 70,000 in Israel (1998 H. Mutzafi). Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric, Hungarian.
 

JUDEO-BERBER

[JBE] 2,000 speakers (1992 Podolsky). Formerly High Atlas range, Tifnut and other communities. Speakers went to Israel from 1950 to 1960. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Atlas.
 

JUDEO-GEORGIAN

[JGE] 40,000 to 50,000 in Israel (1995 H. Mutzafi). Population total both countries 60,000 to 70,000. Classification: South Caucasian, Georgian.
 

JUDEO-TAT

[TAT] 70,000 in Israel (1998). Population total all countries 101,000. Alternate names: JUDEO-TATIC, JEWISH TAT, BIK, DZHUHURIC, JUWRI, JUHURI. Dialects: DERBEND. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Tat.
 

KARAIM

[KDR] Ethnic group has 20,000 in Israel (1996 Philip E. Miller). Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian.
 

LADINO

[SPJ] 100,000 or more in Israel (1985). Population total all countries 160,000 or fewer (1992). Alternate names: JUDEO SPANISH, SEFARDI, DZHUDEZMO, JUDEZMO, SPANYOL, HAQUETIYA. Dialects: JUDEZMO (JUDYO, JIDYO), LADINO, HAQUETIYA (HAKETIA, HAKETIYA, HAKITIA). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
 

LISHÁN DIDÁN

[TRG] 3,000 to 4,000 in Israel (1999 H. Mutzafi). Population total all countries 3,050 to 4,300. Alternate names: LISHANÁN, LISHANID NASH DIDÁN, PERSIAN AZERBAIJAN JEWISH ARAMAIC, LAKHLOKHI, GALIHALU. Dialects: NORTHERN CLUSTER LISHÁN DIDÁN, SOUTHERN CLUSTER LISHÁN DIDÁN. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

LISHANA DENI

[LSD] 7,000 to 8,000 (1999 H. Mutzafi). Jerusalem and vicinity, including Maoz Tsiyon. Originally from northwest Iraqi Kurdistan. Alternate names: JUDEO-ARAMAIC, LISHAN HUDAYE, LISHAN HOZAYE, KURDIT. Dialects: ZAKHO, AMADIYA, NERWA, DOHUK, ATRUSH, BÉTANURE, SANDU. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

LISHANID NOSHAN

[AIJ] 2,000 to 2,500 (1994 H. Mutzafi). Originally eastern and southern Iraqi Kurdistan. Alternate names: ARBILI NEO-ARAMAIC, LISHANA DIDÁN, HULANI, KURDIT, GALIGALU, JBELI, HULA'ULA. Dialects: WESTERN CLUSTER LISHANID NOSHAN, EASTERN CLUSTER LISHANID NOSHANARBIL, DOBE, KOY SANJAQ, QALADZE, RWANDUZ, RUSTAQA. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

POLISH

[PQL] 100,000 speakers out of 272,000 people of Polish origin (1992 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: POLSKI. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechtic.
 

ROMANIAN

[RUM] 250,000 in Israel (1993 Statistical Abstract of Israel). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern.
 

RUSSIAN

[RUS] 750,000 in Israel (1999 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: RUSSIT, RUSSKI. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East.
 

TIGRIGNA

[TGN] 10,000 in Israel (1994 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: TIGRINYA. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North.
 

YEVANIC

[YEJ] 35 possibly in Israel. There were a few semi-speakers left in 1987, and may be none now. Population total both countries 50 or fewer. Alternate names: JUDEO-GREEK, YEVANITIKA. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic. Nearly extinct.
 

YIDDISH, EASTERN

[YDD] 215,000 in Israel, 5% of the population (1986). Population total all countries 3,000,000 (J.A. Fishman 1991:194). Alternate names: JUDEO-GERMAN, YIDDISH. Dialects: SOUTHEASTERN YIDDISH, MIDEASTERN YIDDISH, NORTHEASTERN YIDDISH. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Yiddish.
 

BABYLONIAN TALMUDIC ARAMAIC

[BYA] Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

BIJIL NEO-ARAMAIC

[BJF] About 10 semi-speakers (1998 Hezy Mutzafi). Alternate names: LISHANID JANAN. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
 

HEBREW, ANCIENT

[HBO] Alternate names: OLD HEBREW. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Canaanite.
 

ISRAELI SIGN LANGUAGE

[ISL] 5,000 users including some hearing persons (1986 Gallaudet Univ.) Classification: Deaf sign language.
 

YIDDISH SIGN LANGUAGE

[YDS] Classification: Deaf sign language.