Sept. 5

Sophia - implies wisdom; using knowledge; sophistication

Why do we need gov't?

Conflict.

Value - desired conditions

A's in class

abortion

world w/out abortion

value allocator - ie: professor, gov't

(umpire)

zero sum gain - winner takes all

politics & gov't - completely different; when together can be epiphenominal (not basic)

real

basic - things in itself

not really basic

government - the formal institution which makes society's most authoritative allocations

allocative mechanisms

self-help - once broken down, the allocator must come in

parents - regulated by gov't, the formal institution

government represents mories of the society

acts on/for society's values.

teacher - grades

employers - a lot of leeway, regulations

Gyges - myth from Plato's Republic

politics - refers to all that human behavior oriented primarily toward the authoritative allocation of values in society.

People are bad in nature.

Government - the authoritative allocator of values.

Sept. 10

Anything can be politicized; but only some things can become political by attempting to change government (influence the allocation of values).

[ a tacit agreement ]

government - institution

politics - behavior

Rider Senate = upper house

H/R = lower house

Germaneness Rule

has to be related to the bill

only enforced in the H/R, not in the senate.

Senate takes riders especially to appropriations bills (expenditures)

Rider = non-germane amendment tacked on to an expenditure bill

two versions of bill sent to conference committee

Line item veto - [new] can take out certain expenditures in a bill and pass the rest of it

Left Right

liberal conservative

socialist ill-defined right

communist fascism

redistributionism earn your way by your work

against capitalism don't expect government aid

take care of people's needs anti-redistributionism

blame the system blame the individual

Three Positions:

1. legal equality - political rights; equal opportunity; open to criticism - money being influential. Procedural Democracy.

2. material equality - conditions; every one has more or less the same amount of materials. Substantive Equality.

3. impossible equality - people and situations vary and are unequal.

It takes money to make money.

P. 42 government should not attempt to provide material equality.

communist ideology:

stage 1: socialism - from each according to his ability; to each according to work.

Stage 2: communism - from each according to his ability; to each according to his need.

Sept. 15

Right

Libertarian: Christian America, Pro-freedom anything

Religious rt.

Militias

kkk

neo-nazis

Macromodel of the Political System Inputs: Outputs:

Interest Articulation policies

. . people let it be known rules, laws

Inputs ® | CP | ® Outputs what they want policy imple-

| gov't | mentation

adjudication

feedback - gov’t/media giving feedback to soviety

P. 233 of Dye - far left about communism

Marxist mode of production determines class structure, religion and way practiced. Economic structure...all of life.

U.S. government is from liberal to conservative

FBI after you if socialist or communist party

one thing to know about U.S. capitalist free enterprise society dominates every part of our life including religion, education, etc.

2 wings of the capitalist party - liberal conservative capitalism is treated as a religion. This is the spectrum of acceptability.

Ill-defined Right - libertarians

religious rt. - anti-abortionists

from freedom libertarians- praying in US

extreme in social and economic back to christian

views (laissez faire capitalists) assoc w/rep but not really part of it

social teaching takes them away militias - fed gov't is the enemy

from Rep party nothing should be high schools rural and blue collar people

regulated like drugs and prostitution war w/US gov't who tries to do do-gooders

except theft. and redistribute things

kkk, neo-nazis, etc, - begin fascist side

Sept. 17

Adjudication

Outputs – Rules

Application

Adjudication

- as population density increases, human collision increases and people articulate needs for gov’t regulations.

- rules are worth nothing if there is no application

- adjudication – make precise meanings

1. criminal cases – determining facts

2. civil – facts, different standards if there was a wrong (tort)done against another person

3. constitutional – laws of constitution-determine contradictions and which side is right.

stare decisive – let the decision stand.

Once a court rules, it becomes the basis for future cases.

political science – study of politics and government with a degree.

Political actors Political scientists

¯ ¯

wants power and infl. truth – how things tick

to maximize values. ¯

cognitive

manipulative person ¯

persuasive taking notes as the world goes to hell.

Political scientists are not here to change the world, just record it.

Sept. 19

Three roles of a political scientist:

1. Human being

2. Scientist/Scholar – some say no human can set aside all prejudices and opinions

3. Teacher

Extremes in teaching styles

Scientist/scholar-----------------------------partisan bias

Normative theory

imperical discourse –

any proposition truth/falsity of which is verifiable by sensory observation

metaphysical proposition –

beyond proof by the five sense. Cannot be proven even in principal by sensory observation.

empistemology – study of theist/athiest/agnostic

epiphany – physical appearance of God.

Normative guidance that is telling what they ought to believe.

“is”

“ought”

Normative Propositions

1. intrinsic – the is that’s in question is objective [in your own opinion]

2. extrinsic – good/badness of the thing in question is external [if---then propositions]

M

Sept. 22

Agnostic – not believing it is possible to know

Intrinsic evaluation – innate goodness/badness

Extrinsic value – good/bad due to outside forces – relative to what you want

If… then… you want to achieve… [sugar]

Three courses:

1. Religion

2. Reason -----® noumena – realm of ideas world

phenomenal world – our world

3. Aposteriori - consequetialism – have to see it first; after the fact judgement;

Every thing you do can be judged morally be someone.

Apriori – math; don’t need to know the case.

Mimesis – others will do what I’m doing and will do it b/c I am

Five Levels of Generality

Political scientists can function at any of these levels.

Most General

Biological/Genetic/Chemico-neural

Culture

(anthropology and sociology)

Formal Institutions

Laws and Policies

(economics)

Concrete Role Incumbents (CRI)

level of real people; political actors

Very Specific

Biological – not so popular in print

Cultural – very broad; taboo, etc; tied into institutions

Formal Institutions – formal structure of the gov’t (houses, etc)- how it really works and informal functions–including comparative – any gov’t

Laws and Policies – lasts longer than politicians’ terms- longer life; relates a lot w/econ. laws/policies have life of their own

CRI – president, etc; real people

Culture – made of three aspects:

1. patterns of behavior

deviant behavior

what people do

2. Reciprocal Expectations of Behavior

what people ought to do

3. Artifacts of Behavior

clothing, architecture; representations of behavior

Cultures change very slowly; formal institutions can change must faster.

The parent will produce the criminals of tomorrow.

Eugenics – treat human population like animals

Encourage reproduction of those we will need in society

Discourage reproduction between those who will produce good people.

{used by Hitler}

Assumptions: 1) humans part of Animal Kingdom

\we are a product of evolution

2) Behavior is partly genetically determined

3) behavior is reduced to chemistry (chemico-neural)

Political Behavior:

Describes from where politcial behavior is derived.

S ® O ® R

Role of women

Mammary - mother – maternal – role at home/housewife

Role of men

Car insurance- testosterone

Nature/nurture issue

Sept. 26

Won’t spend much time on Biological level b/c we don’t know much about it.

Nor Concrete Role Incumbents either.

Important levels: cultural

formal institutions

laws and policies

S ® O ® R

Stimuli come from the cultural level; Organism comes from the biological level.

Response – human behavior

Men – testosterone

Physical

Behavioral/genetics

Political actors – extroverts/elevator test

- aggressive

Liberals – left tend to blame system and would be interested in the S rather than the O.

Conservatives look at and blame the organism for the response (human behavior).

Sept. 29

Government is involved in all aspects of society.

Legislature 1. Rule making

Executive 2. Rule application – many laws are subjectively applied.

Judicial 3. Rule adjudication – judges who make the ruling

Nov. 10

The process by which the news is gathered:

Attribution Rules

Not for Attribution Rules

Background Basis Rules

Totally off the Record Rules

80% - Attribution Rules

report anything they say and attach their name to it.

lose-lose

Not for Attribution Rules

name anonymous ("a highly respected representative of the white house said,")

better story, politician says what they want

win-win

a way to float a balloon

Nov. 12

Background Basis Rules

use the info they give you but you can NOT indicate the source in any way.

not even indirectly as in not for attribution

Pres. Johnson would invite certain members of the press into the oval office and

would lie sometimes just to ruin certain people he didn't like through the media.

If you didn't print what he shared with you, you were never invited again.

to teach the press about laws, etc.

Johnson, crook __________________________________________________ Nixon, cold, shy

warm to the press -extremes- hated press/people

Totally Off the Record Rules

you know something, but it would be in the national interest to print it.

"Wow! What a story...if only we had seen it."

Usually in the case of national security

In the old days, this was a very broad category.

Now it has shrunk so much it is seldom used.