Dennis Hartmann`s Rendition of, How the Internet came to be !

This Page was wrote about the history and timeline of the Internet and how it came to be. I tried to mention every thing I could think of from this class (CIS164-IN2 Internet Essentials). I`m shure there is alot I missed or forgot about, but there is just so much information on this subject on the Internet, that I just could not add any more information, and keep this Page as small as I did. Although Windows or DOS was not mentioned in the Interesting Facts section, here is a Link to a PDF file that is pretty interesting about Windows and DOS, it`s like a schematic timeline, if you don`t have a PDF reader click the link at the end of this sentence to download a free copy of Acrobat reader from Adobe.com .

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1536

In a Letter Florentine mershant Francesco Lapi used the @ sign for the first time in recorded history.

1858

The first transatlantic cable is installed between Ireland and Canada. Unfortunatley the signal was so weak and indistinguishable from background noise that it took hours to send a few words. The owners tried to fix the situation by boosting the voltage from 600 to 2000 volts, melting the wires insulation and leaving it dead in the water. Later, cables installed in 1866 were successful and remained in use for almost 100 years.

1897

Joseph John Thomson discovers electrons.

1927

AT&T establishes commercial transatlantic telephone service to London useing two-way radio. Calls cost $75 for five minutes.

1934

July 1

The Communications Act of 1934 becomes law, it is the first effort to regulate the telephone industry by the Federal Communications Commission instead of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

1937

• John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry begin work on the first electronic digital computer at Iowa State University.
• Hewlett-Packard is founded by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. They decided the name with a coin toss.

1951

The first commercially available computer (The Ferranti Mark 1), is delivered to Thomas Kilburn and Frederic Williams at Manchester University in England. Nine more are sold by 1957.

1958

• Bell System announces it`s Data-Phone service which permits transmission of data over regular telephone circuits.
• In response to the launch of Sputnik the US Department of Defence issues directive 5105.15 establishing the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
• Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit to fellow researchers and executives at Texas Instruments.
• Arthur L. Schawlow and Charles H. Townes published Infrared and Optical Masers describing what would later be known as the laser, while at Bell labs.

1960

The first communication satellite, Echo, was launched.

1961

While at MIT Leonard Kleinrock publishes the first paper on packet switching networks Information Low in Large Communication Nets.

1962

• ATT begins sellingthe first commercial modem (the Bell 103). The modem provided full-duplex transmission, frequency shift keying or FSK, and had a speed of 300 bits per second (300 bps).
• Joseph Licklider becomes the first head of the computer research program at ARPA.

1963

Doug Engelbart invents the X-Y Position Indicator for a Display System, known today as the mouse.

1965

Ted Nelson coins the word "hypertext".

1966

1. Scientists used fiber optics to carry telephone signals for the first time.
2. Donald Davies coins the term "packets" and "packet switchimg".

1971

1. The ARPANET now has 15 sites:UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Havard, Lincoln Lab, Standford, UIU (C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames and averages 700,000 packets per day.
2. In a Honeywell Computer journal editorial titled "Whats the Date?" Bob Bemer publishes the first warning about the Y2K bug.
3. RFC172 is released establishing the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
4. The first Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) is deployed on the ARPANET, which enabled computer terminals to connect directly into the ARPANET for the first time.

1972

ARPA`S name is changed to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and is established as a separate defence agency under the office of the Secretary of Defence.

1979

Kevin MacKenzie sends the first ever emoticon to the msgGroup. The first was -) meaning tongue-in-cheek.

1982

1. The number of Internet Hosts breaks 200.
2. The first PC LAN is demonstrated at the national computer conference by Drew Major. Kyle Powell, and Dale Neibaur. The software would eventually become Novell`s Netware.

1984

The number of Internet Hosts breaks 1000.

1985

The number of Internet Hosts breaks 2000.

1986

The number of hosts breaks 5000.

1987

The number of hosts breaks 16000.

1988

1. The first Transatlantic fiber-optic cable linking North America and Europe is completed, it can handle 40,000 telephone calls simultaneously.
2. The Internet Worm is released by Robert Morris jr. , affecting about 6,000 of the now 60,000 Hosts on the Internet. CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) is later formed by DARPA in response to concerns raised by the Worm.

1989

1. The number of Internet Hosts breaks 100,000.
2. First Web Project Proposal is distributed by CERN`s Tim Berners-Lee, itwas for a "Hypertext system" to aid the sharing of information between teams of reshearchers in the High Energy Physics community.

1990

1. The ARPANET ceases to exist.
2. The first World Wide Web software is created by Tim Berners-Lee.
3. Peter Scott introduces hytelnet.

1991

• The number of Internet hosts breaks 600,000.
• The Trojan Room Coffee Machine makes its debut, several years later it will become the first Webcam.
• Linus Torvalds announces Linux version 0.02.
• Apple Computer releases QuickTime version 1.0.

1992

The number of Internet hosts breaks 1 million.

1993

• The number of Internet hosts breaks 2 million.
• DARPA is redesignated as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in President Clinton`s strategy paper, "Technology for America`s Econmic Growth, A New Direction to Build Economics Strength".
• Dennis Hartmann got on line.

1994...

• The International WWW Conference Committee IW3C2 is created by CERN and the NCSA.
• The Internet/ARPANET celebrates its 25th anniversary.

1995

• The first macro is found in a Microsoft Word Document.
• The number of Internet hosts breaks 4 million.
• HTTP (web) packets pass FTP traffic to be largest volume Internet protocol.
• Sun Microsystems introduce its HotJava Web browser and the Java programming language, created five years earlier by Jim Gosling.
• April 18, Logan Hartmann is born.

1996

1. The number of Internet hosts breaks 9 million.
2. Larry Page and Sergey Brin begin work on a search engine called BackRub, named for its unique ability to analyze the "back links" pointing to given website. The search engine was soon renamed "Google" and Google Inc. opened its doors on september 7, 1998.
3. United States public law 104-106 directs ARPA to change its name to the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

1997

1. The number of Internet hosts breaks 16 million.
2. The 2000th RFC titled "Internet Official Protocol Standards" is released.
3. The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN ) begins operation.

1998

1. The 2 millionth domain name (Voyagerstravel.com" ) is regesterd.
2. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is formed.
3. The 3 millionth domain name Lizzybee.com is regesterd.
4. America Online, Inc. announces that it would acquire Netscape Communications Corporation in a stock transaction valued at 4.2 million dollars.

1999

1. Online retailers rack up 5.3 billion in sales.
2. The 4 millionth domain name is regesterd.
3. The Melissa macro virus quickly spreads across the Internet.
4. The 5 millionth domain name is regesterd.
5. The original Cleveland Freenet closes.

2000

1. 304 million people are connected to the Internet.
2. The 10 millionth domain name is registerd.
3. ICANN selects seven new top level domain names: .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro .
4. The US timekeeper USNO and a few other time services around the world report the new year as 19100 on jan 1.
5. Internet2 backbone network deploys IPv6 (May 16).
6. Various domain name hijacking tok place in late may and early june, including internet.com, bali.com, web.net.
7. Hack of the year: RSA Security, Apache, Western Union, Microsoft.

2001

• The first live distributed musical- The Technophobe & The Madman- over Internet2 networks debuted on feb 20.
• Forwarding e-mail in Australia becomes illegal with the passing of the Digital Agenda Act, as it is seen technical infringement of personal copyright.
• High schools in five states (Michigan, Missouri, Oregon, Virginia, and Washington)become the first to gain Internet2 Access.
• Afghanistan`s Taliban bans Internet access country wide, including from government offices, in an attempt to control content.
• Viruses of the year- Code Red, Nimda, SirCam, BadTrans.

2002

• US ISP Association (USISPA) is created from the former CIX.
• Internet2 now has 200 university, 60 corporate, and 40 affiliate members.
• Notice history repeating itself !

2003

1. The first official Swiss online election takes place in Anieres.
2. The SQL Slammer worm causes one of the largest and fastest spreading DDOS attacks ever. Taking roughly 10 minutes to spread worldwide, the worm took down 5 of the 13 DNS root servers along with tens of thousands of other servers, and impacted a multitude of systems ranging from ATM systems to air traffic control to emergency 911 systems.
3. Dennis Hartmann took his first online course.

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