Choosing the Right Interior Paint

The most common types of paint for interior and exterior surfaces are water-base (latex) and oil-base (alkyd). Primers, wood stains, and clear finishes also are generally available in both latex and alkyd formulations. The chief advantage of using high-quality, more expensive products is better “hiding,” which means fewer coats, and better washability.

Interior Paints
Interior-use paints are available in a range of finishes, from flat to gloss. These paint formulations differ slightly among manufacturers, but generally the finish of semigloss paint is halfway between flat and gloss, and eggshell paint is halfway between flat and semigloss.

Higher-gloss finishes are more washable and durable, but they will show more surface imperfections. High-gloss paint generally is reserved for trim. Semigloss is also excellent on trim, as well as on kitchen, bathroom, and other surfaces exposed to grease, moisture, and heavy wear. A flat or eggshell finish is best for surfaces that receive less wear, such as living room and bedroom walls and ceilings.

Latex Paints
Latex accounts for the vast majority of house paints sold today, and for good reason: It cleans up with soap and water, dries quickly, is practically odorless, and poses the least threat to the environment. It also has excellent resistance to yellowing with age.

The type of resin used in the formula determines the quality of latex paint. The highest-quality and most durable paints contain 100 percent acrylic resin, which offers excellent adhesion over alkyds. Vinyl acrylic and other blends are next in quality. Paint containing solely vinyl resin is the least durable and lowest-quality of the available latex formulations.

Alkyd Paints
Alkyds, or solvent-base paints, level out better than latexes, drying virtually free of brush marks for a smoother, harder finish. They are a wise choice for glossy surfaces because they offer good adhesion. Alkyds, however, are harder to apply. They also tend to sag more and dry more slowly than latexes. In addition, they require cleanup with paint thinner. When painting large areas with alkyd paint, make sure the room is well ventilated, or wear a respirator.

When Do You Need A Primer?
You need a primer when the surface to be painted is porous or the paints are incompatible (such as when you apply latex paint over alkyd).

An existing painted surface in good condition and compatible with the finish coat may not need an additional primer.